Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Consequences of global warming in cryosphere

100%

Jania J. A.

Nauka

|

2008

|

nr 3

EN

Scale of changes of particular components of cryosphere due to global warming is presented. Cryosphere diminishes its spatial extend and the total volume of all kinds of ice is reduced. The Arctic sea ice cover has recently diminished most intensely. It reached its minimal extend (4.28 mln km2) in September 2007. One expects accelerated disintegration of sea ice of the Arctic as a result of coadjuvancy of oceanic and atmospheric factors. In consequence, more intense warming of climate coming from warmer ocean water is predicted in the Arctic basin. Increase of melting of glaciers during the last three decades results in decrease of their extend and thickness. Additionally, more meltwater is reaching bed of glaciers and is accelerating their flow velocity due to faster basal sliding. Such processes result in more intense breaking off the icebergs from fronts of glaciers terminating into the sea. Dynamic response of Greenland outlet tidewater glaciers has been detected after 2000 and it affects significantly global ocean level rise by ca 0.5 mm/yr. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is actually only insignificantly reacting to global warming. The paper discusses possible scenarios of the consequences of dynamic reaction of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for increasing warming and slow sea level rise. Permafrost is reacting in a less distinct but detectable scale. The paper is giving not only description of consequences of climate warming for cryosphere, important impact of its spatial extend and features on atmosphere and oceans are considered either. A series of positive feedacks between warming climate and cryosphere are listed. Described evolution of cryosphere is suggesting that distinct trend of climate warming is irreversible for the next centuries. One can also expect systematic rise of global ocean level as the consequence of glacier melting and dynamic transfer of ice masses based on land to the sea.

2

Changes in Air Temperature in Poland at Around Noon in the Years 1951-2018

86%

Okoniewska M.

Geography and Tourism

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 7, No. 2

7--18

EN

The paper characterises the variability of thermal conditions in Poland at around noon in the years 1951–2018. Based on the data from Kołobrzeg, Poznań and Kraków, the average monthly, seasonal and annual values of air temperature were calculated along with standard deviation, maximum and minimum temperature values, as well as the average values of temperature in the consecutive decades of the studied period. Moreover, values of linear trends were determined along with statistical significance at a level of 0.05, as well as values of the deviations of temperature from a long-term average, which were smoothed by means of 10-year moving averages. The research indicated a statistically significant increase in air temperature, both annual and in individual seasons. Particularly noticeable warming was noted in the winter-spring period, especially in Krakow; the smallest one occurred in autumn. The increase in temperature in the studied years was influenced mostly by the years 2011–2018. Also, higher contrast of thermal conditions compared to other seasons of the year was observed in the winter-spring season.

3

How soil temperature regimes change as the climate warms – short communication

86%

Karvonen J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

|

2020

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

4

Changing Arctic. Firm scientific evidence versus public interest in the issue. Where is the gap?

86%

Pakszys P. , Zielinski T. , Ferrero L. , Kotynska-Zielinska I. , Wichorowski M.

|

nr 4PB

5

Glacial recession 2001-2006 and its landscape effects in the Lindströmfjellet-Hĺbergnuten mountain ridge, Nordenskiöld Land, Spitsbergen

86%

Ziaja W. , Pipała R. , Ziaja W. , Pipała R.

|

6

Trendy i okresowość zmian temperatury powietrza w Polsce w drugiej połowie XX wieku

86%

Fortuniak K. , Kożuchowski K. , Żmudzka E.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

|

2001

|

tom Z. 4

283-303

EN

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the main patterns of temperature variations in Poland in the second half of the XX-th century. It concerns mainly the answers to 3 questions: 1) at what degree are the averaged values of temperature changed in the period 1951-2000, 2) how are the cyclic components of the observed changes, 3) are there any empirical proofs of the realisation of climate scenarios in which the warming is predicted? The spatially averaged time series of air temperature registered at 51 meteorological stations have been analysed. Several statistical methods have been used both for trends and periodicity identification: analysis of linear regression, the method of rank trend of Mann-Kendall, cumulative deviations, the J. Boryczka method of regression sinusoids, the spectral analysis after Blackmann and Tukey (1958) and singular spectral analysis (SSA) after Vautard (1992). The rise of annual mean temperature in Poland in 50-year period has been estimated as 0.9 centigrade. An increase in temperature intensified significantly after 1980. This warming occurred especially in the spring, in January, February, July and August. The temperature values in spring in 1980. and 1990. were higher then ones estimated in climate scenario (HadCM2 GS) for the middle of XXI-th century. The oscillation of the period of ca 8-year in the annual and December-March monthly temperatures has been found. It explains 31-42 percent of the observed temperature variations. On the other hand - the linear rising trend explains only 9 percent of variation. The climate model HadCM2 GS predicts the rise of annual temperature in Poland in 2050. by 1.4 centigrade from the 1981-2000 mean. However, the coincidence of the simulation with the observed temperature variation in the past is rather weak; differences concern especially the seasonal distribution of temperature changes.

7

Ocieplenie w Polsce : skala i rozkład sezonowy zmian temperatury powietrza w drugiej połowie XX wieku

86%

Kożuchowski K. , Żmudzka E.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

|

2001

|

tom Z. 1-2

81-90

EN

In the report the results of statistical analysis of the mean monthly and annual air temperature series in Poland in the period 1951-2000 have been presented. The calculated means have been based on data from 51 weather stations located at the altitude below 1000 m above the sea level. The mean of the year 2000 was a maximum value of all since 1951 and probably since the end of 18th century. The analysis of order of appearance of rising values using the method of rank trend of Mann--Kendall, has proved an essential positive trend of average annual, March and May temperature values in the period of 1951-2000. This effect has been confirmed by a simple linear trend analysis. The rise of annual mean in 50-year period has been estimated as 0,9 centigrade. The highest May, August and annual average values of temperatures in the period of 1981-2000 proved to be higher than in the period of 1951-2000. In the long-term time series of 1951-2000 a shorter 7-8 year period oscillations around average has been found. In the 80s. and 90s. the significant rise in the mean annual air temperature occurred. Some reasons of climate warming have been discussed including intensification of zonal circulation and rise of insolation in the end of studied 50-year period. The coincidence of climate warming in Poland with global temperature rise has been also stressed

8

Impact of climate warming on the surface water temperature of plateau lake

86%

Peng Z. , Yang J. , Luo Y. , Yang K. , Shang C.

Acta Geophysica

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 69, no. 3

895--907

EN

Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is a vital indicator in evaluating the ecological environment and has a direct or indirect impact on regulating physical, chemical, and ecological processes of lakes. Changes in LSWT have a huge impact on the water quality, ecosystem function, and biome composition of the entire lake. In this study, we selected Dianchi Lake as the research area, the monthly average LSWT data collected at the monitoring station from 1998 to 2009 were used as the calibration dataset. The error analysis dataset is the average annual temperatures of the Dianchi Lake extracted from MODIS remote sensing images from 2001 to 2017. The daily average LSWT of Dianchi Lake was estimated by the air–water model and the historical changes from 1980 to 2017 of the LSWT were reproduced. The research draws a conclusion that the LSWT of Dianchi Lake has been greatly afected by air temperature over the past 37 years. LSWT and the annual average air temperature correlation coefcient were R>0.9. Both the air temperature and LSWT assumed an increasing tendency. The annual average LSWT increased with the rate of 0.36 °C/decade, and the annual average warming rate of the air temperature was 0.47 °C/decade. The monthly average LSWT and air temperature showed a signifcant correlation at a confdence interval of α=0.001. The LSWT of Dianchi Lake increased signifcantly in February, March, and December. The periodicity of the seasonal mean air temperature change was consistent with that of the LSWT in Dianchi Lake. The relative lag of the thermal response of the LSWT to climate warming was also observed. This study flls in the gaps in the long-term sequence data on the LSWT of Dianchi Lake and reveals the efect of climate warming on the LSWT of low-latitude plateau lakes.

9

Effects of varying temperature on leaf phenology and herbivory of dominant tree species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaves forest in Eastern China

72%

Jing J. , Li K. , Liu Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2016

|

tom 64

|

nr 1

EN

The aim of this work was to analyse the response of dominant tree species to the changing climate in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We investigated the main leaf phenology and herbivory parameters of four typical trees (i.e., Schima superba, Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis sclerophylla and Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia) in spring from 2010 to 2014 in the Tiantong National Forest Research Station in eastern China. The results showed that the accumulated temperature was the principle factor which affected the leaf phenology and herbivory. All four trees got an earlier, shorter and more synchronised leaf expansion in years with higher accumulated temperature, and also they suffered more sever leaf damage in these years. However the trees responded differently to climate warming in leaf phenology and herbivory. The S. superba and Ca. sclerophylla were more sensitive to the varying accumulated temperature than the Ca. fargesii and Cy. sessilifolia both in leaf phenology and herbivory during leaf expansion. We suggest that the observed variations in leaf phenology and leaf traits to the changing accumulated temperature should be taken into consideration for pest management and community stability maintenance in forests adapting to the changing climate.

10

Counteraction of the climate warming. Is the priority of EU profitable for Poland?

72%

Pelińska-Olko E.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 13, spec. iss. 1/2

52--58

EN

The announcement of the European Commission concerning the European strategy in frame of power industry was published in 2007[1]. The document contains the main priorities of energetic politics of EU even to 2050. They are: - joint energy market - counteraction of the climate warming - European strategy for the security of energy supply in the case of the sharp energetic crisis. All priorities are connected with each other. They have the aims: on the one hand creating new ecological technologies of electric energy generation on the large scale and its distribution and on the other hand construction of new installations using different energy sources both conventional and unconventional supplying mainly heat energy, also in frame of the dispersed power industry.

11

Czy energetyka oparta na spalaniu ma wpływ na efekt cieplarniany?

72%

Gumuła S. , Piskowska-Silarska M.

|

2012

|

tom z. 59, nr 2/II/I

303-307

PL

Od 1973 roku, czyli od pierwszego kryzysu energetycznego, mieszkańcy Ziemi zaczęli żyć w poczuciu zagrożenia utratą dostępu do energii. Mówiono i pisano dużo o kończących się zasobach paliw kopalnych, zapowiadano też, że zanim osiągniemy dno w zasobach surowców energetycznych ich ceny będą tak wysokie, że przestaną być powszechnie dostępne. Odkrywanie nowych zasobów surowców energetycznych, energooszczędne technologie, odnawialne źródła energii znacznie to poczucie zagrożenia złagodziły. Dla odmiany w 1992 roku na konferencji w Rio de Janeiro wywołano nowe widmo grożące wyniszczeniem Ziemi i ludzkości. Jest nim dwutlenek węgla jako efekt procesów spalania. W przedstawionym referacie zestawiono ważniejsze czynniki przemawiające za i przeciw zagrożeniom związanym z emisją dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery. W rozważaniach uwzględniono m.in. charakterystyki absorpcji promieniowania w atmosferze w zależności od stężenia i temperatury dwutlenku węgla, zmiany stężenia dwutlenku węgla w atmosferze w krótszych i dłuższych przedziałach czasu, wahania poziomu wód oceanicznych i związek odchyleń temperatury od jej wartości średniej a aktywnością Słońca.

EN

Since the first energy crisis 1973 people started to worry about losing the access to energy sources. The public discussion about this issue raged at that time. It was said that even before the fossil fuel sources end up the prices rise to a level unreachable for an average consumer. That fear was eased by discoveries of new energy sources, energy saving technologies and renewable energy sources. In 1992 during the conference in Rio de Janeiro emerged a threat which was predicted to bring our planet to an end. Its CO2 that comes from burning of fossil fuels. This paper presents positive and negative arguments related to CO2 emission to the atmosphere. There are considered aspects like absorption of radiation in the atmosphere in correlation to concentration and temperature of CO2, changes in concentration of CO2 in longer or shorter time periods, vacillation of ocean surface level, relation between temperature changes from its the average and the sun activity.

12

Tidewater glaciers of Svalbard: Recent changes and estimates of calving fluxes

72%

Blaszczyk M. , Jania J. A. , Hagen J. O.

|

tom 30

|

nr 2

85-142

13

Nieprzewidywane skutki ocieplenia klimatu: śnieg – norniki –bioróżnorodność

72%

Gliwicz J.

Problemy Ekologii

|

2010

|

tom R. 14, nr 3

121-125

PL

W ostatnich latach pojawiają się coraz częściej sygnały z północnej Europy (>60 N), wskazujące na istotne zmiany zachodzące w przebiegu wieloletniej liczebności norników i lemingów. Zmiany te, polegające na zaniku regularnych cykli populacyjnych o wysokiej amplitudzie i pojawieniu się w ich miejsce niecyklicznych fluktuacji na stosunkowym niskim poziomie liczebności, przypisywane są globalnemu ociepleniu klimatu, najsilniej zaznaczającemu się w północnej i umiarkowanej strefie klimatycznej w okresie zimy. Dane zaprezentowane w tym artykule (1) przedstawiają podobne zmiany dynamikiliczebności w populacjach dwóch gatunków norników w Polsce w okresie ostatnich 25 lat; (2) wskazują, które czynniki meteorologiczne są najistotniejsze dla zimowej przeżywalności norników oraz (3) wykazują statystycznie, że te właśnie czynniki w ostatnim półwieczu zmieniały się niekorzystnie dla norników w miarę ocieplania się klimatu. Ponadto, przedstawiono zależność pomiędzy obniżającą się liczebnością norników a spadkiem zagęszczenia zwierzyny drobnej w Polsce w okresie ostatnich 20 lat, sugerującą, że niedostatek norników jest przyczyną nadmiernej redukcji zwierzyny drobnej przez drapieżniki, dla których norniki, szczególnie w latach masowego występowania, stanowiły poprzednio podstawowe źródło pokarmu.

EN

Recently, several reports from Northern Europe (>60 N) indicated significant change in population dynamics of voles and lemmings. The change from high–amplitude regular cycles to acyclic fluctuations at relatively low level is regarded as an effect of climate warming, most pronounced in winter. Data presented in this article (1) show similar changes in the dynamics of two vole species in Poland over last 25 years, (2) indicate which winter weather factors are most important for successful survival of voles and (3) demonstrate that those factors changed to disadvantage of overwintering voles, over last half–century due to global warming. The decline in vole abundance is indicated as an indirect cause for the fall in the abundance of small game observed in Poland over the last 20 years.

14

Climate warming and the growth of warm water fish in ponds in the temperate zone

72%

Szumiec M. A.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

|

2005

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

In the temperate zone, climate warming improves the environmental conditions of warm water fish in many ways thus stimulating their growth and yield. Warming was observed in fishponds in the mid 1980s when seasonal sums of water temperature above 14°C, i.e. the temperature effective for carp, Cyprinus carpio growth, frequently exceeded the long-term average sum. There was considerable variability in the annual sums of temperature effective for carp growth with a decreasing tendency in the 1958-1980 period and an increasing tendency in the 1980-2003 period. The long-term distribution of the yield of three-year-old carp follows the sums of the effective temperature except in very warm seasons when the empirical yields were below those computed from the model. This implies that it is necessary to introduce into computations the upper temperature of the thermal limit effective for carp growth, which seems to be an average diel temperature of about 25°C. This paper presents the quantitative differentiation in thermal conditions of carp growth between Poland, France, and Bohemia.

PL

Wpływ ocieplenia klimatu na wzrost ryb ciepłolubnych w stawach przedstawiono na przykładzie wieloletniego rozkładu sum temperatury wody efektywnej dla wzrostu karpia (wyższej od 14°C) oraz empirycznej i teoretycznej produkcji karpia konsumpcyjnego, obliczonej przy uwzględnieniu, m. in., sumy temperatury efektywnej. Odchylenie standardowe średniej dekadowej temperatury wody w stawach wykazało, że w warunkach klimatycznych południowej Polski okres z temperaturą efektywną może się wahać od 13 do 17 dekad (rys. 1). Roczne sumy temperatury efektywnej wykazały malejącą tendencję w latach 1958 - 1980 i wzrostową w latach 1981 - 2003, charakteryzowały się też znacznymi wahaniami między poszczególnymi latami (rys. 2). Największy wzrost sum temperatury efektywnej pojawił się w 2002 roku, z dalszym niewielkim wzrostem w 2003 (rys. 3). W najchłodniejszym sezonie 1978 średnia dobowa temperatura w stawach osiągnęła optymalny przedział dla wzrostu karpia (powyżej 19°C) tylko w czasie kilku dni, podczas gdy w najcieplejszym sezonie 2003 utrzymywała się przez około cztery miesiące. Wynikiem tego produkcja karpia w sezonie 1978 była niższa o ponad 50% w porównaniu z sezonem 2003. W większości lat końcowa biomasa trzyletniego karpia na ogół kształtowała się zgodnie z biomasą teoretyczną, wyjątkiem były bardzo ciepłe sezony, kiedy empiryczna biomasa ryb była wyraźnie niższa od biomasy teoretycznej (rys. 4). Zdaje się to wskazywać na potrzebę wprowadzenia do przedziału temperatury efektywnej górnego progu. Wyraźny wzrost częstotliwości dni ze średnią dobową temperaturą wody wyższą od 25°C w czasie ciepłych sezonów może wskazywać, iż jest ona górnym progiem przedziału temperatury efektywnej dla wzrostu karpia. Ocenę przestrzennych zmian warunków cieplnych chowu karpia w Europie przeprowadzono dla stawów położonych w południowej Francji i w południowych Czechach. W porównaniu z południową Polską stawy francuskie charakteryzuje wyższa o około 200°C roczna suma i dłuższy o 3 tygodnie okres z temperaturą efektywną, podczas gdy stawy czeskie niższa o około 100°C suma temperatury efektywnej i krótszy o około 10 dni okres efektywny dla wzrostu karpia (rys. 5). Wyniki potwierdzają tendencję do ocieplania się klimatu, co w strefie umiarkowanej umożliwia wzrost produkcji ryb ciepłolubnych.

15

Modelling of thermal habitat loss of brown trout (Salmo trutta) due to the impact of climate warming

72%

Sedighkia M. , Ayoubzadeh S. A. , Abdoli A. , Ahmadi A.

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

16

Surface wave generation due to glacier calving

72%

Massel S. R. , Przyborska A.

Oceanologia

|

2013

|

tom 55

|

nr 1

17

Uprawa ziemniaka w swietle prognoz ocieplania sie klimatu

72%

Rykaczewska K.

Ziemniak Polski

|

2005

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

13-16

18

Local warming about 1.3 degree Celsius in alpine meadow has no effect on root vole [Microtus oeconomus L.] population during winter

72%

Sun P. , Zhao X. , Klein J. A. , Wei W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2005

|

tom 53

|

nr 1

EN

The influence of air and soil warming on root vole (Microtus oeconomus L.) population was studied in winter period in top open chambers (OTC) (0.8–1.8 m²) warmed by conical fiberglass material and situated in alpine meadow (3250 m) at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The OTCs were distributed on an area of 30 × 30 m of experimental warming site; another site of the same area was a control one. The root vole population was investigated on two pairs of sites in “low-grazing” and “high-grazing” (by sheep) parts of the meadow; mark-recapture method was used. The winter-season averaged air and soil temperature inside of the chambers were 1.3°C higher than the temperature outside the chambers. The warming in the chambers had no statistically significant effect on root vole numbers, on average body mass of individual, and on average body mass of males and females. In conclusion, as small as 1.3°C warming of soil and air introduced locally and on small (several m²) scale, in the alpine meadow habitat in winter period, has possibly no effect on root vole numbers and biomass.

19

Succession of vascular plants in front of retreating glaciers in central Spitsbergen

72%

Prach K. , Rachlewicz G.

|

nr 4

20

Wieloletnie tendencje maksymalnych wartości temperatury powietrza w półroczu letnim

58%

Biniak-Pierog M. , Kajewska J. , Zyromski A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 2[171]

PL

W oparciu o serię obserwacyjną dobowych maksymalnych wartości temperatury powietrza półrocza letniego tj. od początku maja do końca października z lat 1961-2007 dokonano oceny tendencji zmian liczby dni z maksymalną temperaturą w zadanych przedziałach co 1°C (od 0,1 do 40,0°C) we Wrocławiu-Swojcu. Identyczne analizy przeprowadzono również dla wielolecia 1971-2000, które uznawane jest jako norma. Stwierdzono tendencję wzrostową najwyższych wartości maksymalnej temperatury powietrza w maju na przestrzeni lat 1961-2007, czego nie obserwowano w przypadku wielolecia 1971-2000. Zauważalny wzrost ekstremów majowych przypada na ostatnie dziesięciolecie. Uzyskane istotne tendencje najwyższych wartości w czerwcu i październiku dla okresu 1971-2000 nie potwierdziły się dla ciągu rozszerzonego 1961-2007. Analizy przeprowadzone na ciągach 46-letnich wykazały wzrost częstości występowania wartości maksymalnej temperatury powietrza w maju w przedziałach 24,1-25,0°C, 25,1-26,0°C i 30,0-31,0°C, w lipcu w przedziałach 23,1-24,0°C oraz 33,1-34,0°C, 34,1-35,0°C, natomiast w sierpniu w przedziałach 27,1-28,0°C i 29,1-30,0°C.

EN

Basing on daily series of maximum air temperature values the during summer half year (from the beginning of May until the end of October) from the period of 1961-2007, an appraisal of the trends of the numbers of days with maximum temperature in set ranges of 1.0°C (from 0.1 to 40.0°C) in Wroclaw-Swojec was made. Identical analyses were also carried out for the multiyear period of 1971-2000 which is regarded as the norm. Increasing trends of the highest values of maximum air temperature were observed for May in the course of the years 1961-2007, what was not found in the case of the multi-year period of 1971-2000. A noticeable increase in extremes temperatures of May was noted for the last decade. Statistically significant trends of the highest values for June and October for the 1971-2000 period were not observed for the 1961-2007 sequence. Analyses carried out on 46-years sequences showed an increase in the frequency of occurrence of maximum air temperature values in May in ranges of 24.1-25.0°C, 25.1-26.0°C and 30.0-310°C, in July in ranges of 23.1-24.0°C, 33.1-34.0°C and 34.1-35.0°C, in August in ranges of 27.1-28.0°C and 29.1-30.0°C.