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1
Content available remote Military social responsibility
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EN
The tasks of the Armed Forces have changed significantly over the years. The nature of engagement moved its focus from military solutions to non-military action. For the society it is now not only a sense of territorial security but also a feeling of benefiting from the achievements and experiences of the Armed Forces in everyday life. The ability of the military to cooperate in the civil environment, with flexible organizational structures and economic factors, along with legal and environmental factors is something which determines how the individual military cooperation with the local community is performed. It is implemented at various levels. It is not equally perceived by the authorities and inhabitants of the municipality where the deployed military units and soldiers serve. The issue of these contacts relates to many fields of science. Often it lies among several of them. As it involves the relationship between people it moves within the fields of ethical, or social, responsibility. These issues are also undertaken by the military service society, and so they become an issue for this article.
EN
Ensuring the quality of goods and services for the army has been of interest to military logisticians for years. Today, logistic civil-military cooperation is developing very dynamically, changing the face of military logistics. The aim of this article is to characterize a new method for evaluation of tenders by external actors performing logistical tasks for the Polish Armed Forces, as well as to describe the methodology for determining it.
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Content available remote Współczesna cywilna organizacja obrony narodowej
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EN
One of the most important challenges in creating national and international security in the 21st century is the integration and co-ordination of civil and military endeavours for security. This challenge results from the need to cope with military and non-military threats that showed its power at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.In spite of the kind of threat, the assets and forces that a state has at its disposal, either civilian or military, mutually support each other and co-operate, thus creating together a national defence system that is the main organisation and function of the state, protecting national values and defending against continuous threats - external, internal, military and non-military.The aim of the article is to present a modern approach to one of national defence components, which is civil organisation, much more widely understood than traditional civil defence, defined in Geneva Convention and Supplementary Protocols of this convention and also non-military arrangement from the time of Poland’s People’s Republic. The need of modern approach results from transformations that have been taking place in Poland recently, and also from transformations occurring in contemporary world, which must be prepared to respond to threats and challenges appearing more and more often not in the form of a classical war, but various military and non-military threats.
EN
The operational activities of the PRT specialists Teams were of great importance to the achievement of military and political goals during the operation of the Polish Military Contingents. The author analyses operational tasks conducted by the soldiers and civilians of the PRT Specialists Teams, which indirectly influenced the improvement of the functioning of the Ghazni administration environment. The author emphasises the importance of the operational activity of the PRT Specialists’ Teams, which determined the direction of changes resulting from the improvement of the conditions of the administration’s activities, which significantly shifted into development.
EN
This article considers the condition of ensuring national security of Ukraine in situations of the armed conflict in some areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. It proves the relevance of implementation of civil-military cooperation. The paper provides the analysis of the theoretical basis, tasks and functions of civil-military cooperation. The article explores activities of civil-military cooperation entities in Ukraine. It defines that the current situation in the South-East of Ukraine shows that tasks of monitoring and forecasting civil environment, forming recommendations regarding mutual influence of civil and military’s acts have not been fully accomplished. The paper suggests using programmatic means of supporting decision making that were created on the basis of geoformation systems as a possible way of solving the problems.
EN
Objectives: The article presents the eternal relevance of the decision-making process and its inseparable connection with the personality of the decision-maker. Broadly speaking, the subject of consideration is the civil-military cooperation and relations. The main goal of the author is to review the leading principles and functions of CIMIC and offer information about an actual event where this was helpfully used. Methods: The scientific methodology used is a combination of a theoretical review of the issue and the presentation of the mentioned techniques used in emergency situations in Bulgaria. Results: The importance of the civil-military cooperation in both military and non-military operations is analysed in the article. This is accomplished by using real situations as examples and by theoretical conclusions. Conclusions: The topic is essential for both military and nonmilitary research and operations. As far as the author is concerned, this civil-military cooperation is of paramount importance to the success of military operations.
EN
The paper presents a comparative analysis of two documents forming the political basis for the concept of civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, namely NATO Military Policy on Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) and Civil-Military Interaction (CMI) no. MC 0411/2, approved on 5 May 2014, and its predecessor entitled NATO Military Policy on Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC) no. MC 0411/1, published on 6 July 2001. The analysis of the structure of both documents, their substance and thematic scope as well as their origin and background made it possible to identify the principal directions in the transformation of the CIMIC concept since its beginnings and to present its new elements, mainly the issue of civil-military interaction. The article discusses also the further anticipated directions of changes arising from the assumptions of the new NATO policy for CIMIC and CMI and the progress made so far in operationalising the strategic assumptions contained in MC 0411/2, including in particular the works on a new NATO doctrine concerning CIMIC and CMI.
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Content available remote Civil-military interaction at the core of the EU comprehensive approach
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PL
Unia Europejska to wyjątkowa i złożona organizacja, której potencjał działań w obszarze bezpieczeństwa w dużej mierze nie został jeszcze wykorzystany. Dokonywanie wyborów w zakresie przyszłych ról bezpieczeństwa UE będzie naznaczone uwarunkowaniami strukturalnymi, jak i również tendencjami oraz czynnikami determinującymi podejmowanie decyzji. Pierwsza część niniejszego artykułu stanowi studium na temat wymiarów, uwarunkowań strukturalnych oraz determinantów decyzyjnych (drivers). Podsumowuje ona postępy w realizacji kompleksowego podejścia i nakreśla ograniczenia mające wpływ na definicję ról unijnych. Zagadnienia poruszane w drugiej części artykułu skupiają się wokół ewolucji interakcji cywilno-wojskowej będącej kluczowym elementem w rozwoju kompleksowego podejścia, źródeł współczesnych cywilno-wojskowych interakcji w operacjach oraz dwóch głównych koncepcjach współpracy cywilno-wojskowej (określanej także jako CIMIC lub koordynacja cywilno-wojskowa). Następne kwestie dotyczą obecnych polityk UE wraz z ich istotnym wpływem na rozwój oraz wykorzystanie zasobów cywilnych i wojskowych w operacjach UE z ujęciem obszarów wzajemnego oddziaływania UE i NATO. Ostatni rozdział zawiera rozważania na temat cywilno-wojskowego wymiaru przyszłych ról UE w realizacji kompleksowego podejścia. Prezentuje on również tematykę potencjalnego rozwoju interakcji cywilno-wojskowych w kontekście ,,zewnętrznych” i „wewnętrznych” ról oraz identyfikuje możliwe do przyjęcia role UE w rozwijaniu „mieszanych” zdolności cywilno-wojskowych.
EN
The European Union is a unique and complex power, with a potential to act in the field of security that has been largely underutilized. The particular choices on future EU security roles will be shaped by the structural conditions for EU decision-making, as well as trends and factors that do and will drive the respective decisions. Towards that purpose, the first part of this article presents a study on dimensions, structural conditions, and drivers. It summarises the advances in the implementation of the comprehensive approach and outlines constraints impacting the definition of EU roles in this respect. The second part of the paper focuses on the evolution of civil-military interaction - the key ingredient in the evolution of the comprehensive approach. It looks into the origins of contemporary civil-military interaction in operations and presents the two main concepts of civil-military cooperation, or CIMIC, and civil-military coordination. It then presents current EU policies with major impact on the development and use of civilian and military assets in EU operations, including the interfaces between EU and NATO. The final section examines the civil-military dimension of future EU roles in the implementation of the comprehensive approach. It looks at potential developments in civil-military interaction in ‘external’ and ‘internal’ roles and identifies plausible EU roles in developing ‘mixed’ civil-military capabilities.
EN
The ethnic conflict between the Serbs and the Albanians in Kosovo led to the outbreak of armed conflict accompanied by violence and acts of genocide. It forced international organizations to take decisive action to end the conflict, as well as start a process of building peace and stabilize the situation in the region. NATO, the UN, the OSCE and the EU played a major role in these activities. The author of the article has analyzed the role of these organizations in efforts to restore peace and stabilize the political situation in the region undertaken as part of Operation Allied Force, KFOR and the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).
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Content available remote Międzynarodowe organizacje pozarządowe w działaniach połączonych
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EN
The aim of the article is to present the idea, genesis and functions of international non-governmental organisations in the contemporary world, a short characteristics of selected organisations that are active on the international arena, also an attempt to locate non-governmental organisations in joint operations and drawing some conclusions and rules basing on observations and experiences in this area. Alvin and Heidi Tofflers called non-governmental organisations „global gladiators of the 21st century”. They more often participate in joint operations in conflict regions and become natural partners for military forces in performing their military missions. They carry out tasks in all aspects of humanitarian aid, including legal services, assistance in crisis situations, help for refugees, especially women and children. They are included in various activities such as education, technical projects, actions for maintaining public order and development programmes.
12
Content available remote Współpraca cywilno-wojskowa (CIMIC) w siłach powietrznych. Cz. 2
60%
EN
The notion of civil-military co-operation (CIMIC) is freely interpreted by air force career servicemen due to lack of basic knowledge of this subject. Commanders do not have sufficient knowledge on CIMIC. This situation results mainly from lack of classes and lectures on CIMIC in military schools and training centres and from a limited number of materials on this subject. Current training programmes in military schools and training centres under research, and also training’s conducted in military units in fact do not prepare servicemen to a proper understanding of CIMIC functioning principles and do not provide essential skills to use this knowledge in various situations. The structures of CIMIC cells in the air force are limited in number and do not include tactical command level. This may cause difficulties to accomplish tasks in the operation area. Although in combined operations the greatest responsibility rests on Land Forces CIMIC, but one cannot exclude a situation when Air Force CIMIC cells will have to support Land Forces CIMIC, even sometimes take over the main tasks. The results of research may indicate that current essential preparation of people to perform functions to carry out CIMIC responsibilities is not sufficient.
13
Content available remote Współpraca cywilno-wojskowa (CIMIC) w siłach powietrznych. Cz. 1
60%
EN
The role of civil - military co-operation in contemporary military (air) operations is growing steadily, as it is proven by the experiences from last armed conflicts, from Afghanistan and Iraq in particular. Taking on responsibility over a significant sector in Iraq by the Polish Armed Forces will require using CIMIC. This will allow our soldiers to gain necessary knowledge and experience in this field. Our forces may be supposed to get more interested in these problems and our cadre’s motivation to gain knowledge in this difficult area will increase.
14
Content available remote Współpraca cywilno-wojskowa i szkolenie armii irackiej
60%
PL
System logistyki narodowej składa się z podsystemów: logistyki wojskowej i logistyki cywilnej. Należy wyodrębnić w nim również logistykę zarządzania kryzysowego. Obecnie rozwój technologiczny i zmiana uwarunkowań środowiska bezpieczeństwa prowadzą do integracji logistyki trzech wymienionych obszarów. Efektem ma być zwiększenie interoperacyjności elastyczności, wrażliwości, a także skuteczności reakcji na otoczenie zewnętrzne. To, w konsekwencji, oznacza zwiększony potencjał systemu narodowej logistyki. System edukacji, realizując zadania kształcenia kadr dla bezpieczeństwa i obronności, powinien uwzględnić potrzebę kształcenia logistyków posiadających wiedzę i umiejętności z zakresu logistyki wojskowej, zarządzania kryzysowego i cywilnej. Kombinacja, a raczej integracja programów, pozwoli kształcić logistyków odnoszących sukcesy na rynku pracy, a przede wszystkim profesjonalnie realizować zadania na rzecz bezpieczeństwa narodowego.
EN
National logistic system consists of military and civilian logistics. The crisis management logistics should be also included. Nowadays, technological development and changes in the security environment lead to integration of logistics in these three areas. The expected effect is an increased interoperability, flexibility, sensitivity, effective response to the external environment and, consequently, enhanced capacity of the national logistic system. Educational system for defense and security services should consider the necessity to integrate programs of the tree areas to educate logisticians who are successful on the labor market and fist of all perform tasks for national security professionally.
16
51%
EN
The defensive character of war doctrine, preferring to conduct operations by the armed forces on their own territory, favours taking advantage of civilian terrain infrastructure resources in the forces logistic support process. However, in order to ensure rational taking advantage of these resources requires fulfilling, according to the author, two basic conditions. Firstly, these resources in peacetime have to be prepared in a strictly directed way (e.g. fulfilling the armed forces expectations). Secondly, there must exist a system of these resources efficient distribution for fighting forces. In the article the author presents the conception to prepare terrain civilian infrastructure resources in peacetime, distributed in wartime for the armed forces and he also suggests the ways to distribute these resources for the fighting forces.
EN
The issues of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) during international stabilization activities are presented in the article on the example of the 10th Rotation of Polish Military Contingent's experiences in Iraq. The problem of CIMIC is shown with reference to the national composition of the above-mentioned divisions, the environment of the local population with the regard of their influence on the cooperation within the framework of coalition forces and their relation with authorities and the local population in the area of the operating-responsibility. In the article there are also discussed tasks, conducted procedures in projects and humanitarian aid and their aspects. The effects of CIMIC and conclusions are drawn in the paper. The article includes information based on unique results of research conducted by the author in the Republic of Iraq.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przebieg zmian, jakie dokonały się w ostatnich dwóch dekadach w sposobie organizacji i zarządzania europejską przestrzenią powietrzną oraz wskazano kierunki doskonalenia. Na podstawie krytycznej analizy aktów prawa lotniczego Unii Europejskiej oraz dokumentów normatywnych Europejskiej Organizacji ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żeglugi Powietrznej Eurocontrol scharakteryzowano działalność obu tych organizacji w zakresie implementacji koncepcji elastycznego użytkowania przestrzeni powietrznej (FUA). Zaprezentowano zasady i procedury tej koncepcji, jak również wybrane systemy techniczne wspomagające proces zarządzania przestrzenią powietrzną w Europie. W końcowej części artykułu opisano elementy składowe koncepcji zaawansowanego elastycznego użytkowania przestrzeni powietrznej (AFUA) oraz korzyści wynikające z wdrożenia jej innowacyjnych rozwiązań. Przedstawiono ponadto funkcje scentralizowanej usługi CS4 - AFUAS, która zapewnić ma skuteczne stosowanie koncepcji AFUA w państwach członkowskich Eurocontrol. W podsumowaniu zaprezentowanych treści podkreślono znaczenie cywilno-wojskowej współpracy i koordynacji w procesie doskonalenia organizacji i operacyjnego wykorzystania przestrzeni powietrznej nad Europą.
EN
The article discusses a process of changes of the organization and management of the European airspace that have been made in the last two decades and identifies ways for improvement. Based on a critical analysis of the air legislation of the European Union and the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation Eurocontrol normative documents activities of the two organisations in implementation of the Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept were also described. Rules and procedures of the concept as well as some technical systems supporting the process of the airspace management in Europe were also presented in the paper. The final section of the article describes components of the Advanced Flexible Use of Airspace (AFUA) concept and benefits of the implementation of the concept’s innovative solutions. Moreover, the section shows features of the centralised service called CS4 - AFUAS, which is to ensure the effective application of the advanced concept AFUA in the Eurocontrol Member States. Finally, the author highlights the importance of civil-military cooperation and coordination in the process of improvement of the organization and use of the European airspace.
EN
Technological progress opens up opportunities for the development of many areas, including military activities. The key question becomes: how is it possible to directly incorporate modern (innovative, disruptive) technologies from the civilian system into the military sphere? The thesis statement is the assumption that the created and used the latest technologies cannot be uncritically and directly incorporated into military systems, and therefore require appropriate adaptation, taking into account the specific determinants of the functioning of the armed forces. Due to the identified research niche in the area of civil-military cooperation in the field of additive manufacturing technology (AMT), it was assumed that the main goal of the research would be to identify the challenges and directions of development of military logistics and presenting the essence and role of AMT, and to define the key factors of civil-military cooperation in the field of implementing AMT in the military logistics system. To solve the research problem, a qualitative research approach was used. Analysis allows to create a proposal of a conceptual model of cooperation between military and civilian systems in the field of implementation and development of AMT in the field of military logistics. The key conclusion from the research is that the use of AMT in the military system requires the creation of a systemic solution both at the international and individual country levels, taking into account the needs, requirements and capabilities of all stakeholders (international organizations, military, business).
PL
Postęp technologiczny otwiera możliwości rozwoju wielu dziedzin, w tym działań militarnych. Kluczowym pytaniem staje się: jak można bezpośrednio przenieść nowoczesne (innowacyjne, przełomowe) technologie z systemu cywilnego do sfery wojskowej? Główną tezą artykułu jest założenie, że tworzone i stosowane najnowsze technologie nie mogą być bezkrytycznie i bezpośrednio włączane do systemów wojskowych, a zatem wymagają odpowiedniej adaptacji, uwzględniającej specyficzne determinanty funkcjonowania sił zbrojnych. Ze względu na zidentyfikowaną niszę badawczą w obszarze współpracy cywilno-wojskowej w zakresie technologii wytwarzania przyrostowego (AMT) założono, że głównym celem badań będzie identyfikacja wyzwań i kierunków rozwoju logistyki wojskowej i przedstawienie istoty i roli AMT oraz określenie kluczowych czynników współpracy cywilno-wojskowej w zakresie wdrożenia AMT w wojskowym systemie logistycznym. W celu rozwiązania problemu badawczego zastosowano jakościowe podejście badawcze. Analiza pozwoliła na opracowanie propozycji koncepcyjnego modelu współpracy systemów wojskowych i cywilnych w zakresie wdrażania i rozwoju AMT w obszarze logistyki wojskowej. Kluczowym wnioskiem z badań jest stwierdzenie, że zastosowanie AMT w systemie wojskowym wymaga stworzenia rozwiązania systemowego zarówno na poziomie międzynarodowym, jak i poszczególnych krajów, uwzględniającego potrzeby, wymagania i możliwości wszystkich interesariuszy (organizacji międzynarodowych, wojskowych, biznesu).
EN
The Law on Natural Calamity of 18 April 2002 has adjusted relations between governmental and local administration that occur after declaring the state of natural calamity. Also the rules and possible restrictions of the scope of freedom and human and citizen rights have been adjusted. Unfortunately, the problems concerning the co-operation with the military and rescue services and administration have been omitted. Thus it is essential to carry out further works aiming at defining and implementing the following elements: 1. Integrated operational plans ; 2. Integrated command system of rescue operations ; 3. System of logistic support for operations during natural calamities ; 4. Basic rules of conducting rescue operations that are equal for the military, fire services and administration. If those four rules are not arranged accordingly, the co-operation of different services participating in rescue operations during natural calamities will still cause problems regardless of legal status and level response.
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