Transport lotniczy, dzięki rzadkiej kombinacji najbardziej pożądanych przez podróżnych i spedytorów cech, takich jak szybkość, bezpieczeństwo oraz globalny zasięg w bardzo krótkim czasie stał się jedną z najbardziej perspektywicznych i dochodowych gałęzi światowej gospodarki. Niestety, dynamiczny rozwój transportu lotniczego spowodował także eskalację zupełnie nowych, nieznanych wcześniej zagrożeń, do których zaliczyć należy terroryzm lotniczy. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie procesu formowania się w ramach Unii Europejskiej instytucjonalnych i prawnych narzędzi służących ochronie lotnictwa cywilnego przed aktami terrorystycznymi.
EN
Thanks to the rare combination of features most demanded by travelers and freight forwarders, such as speed, security and global reach, air transport has become one of the most promising and profitable branches of the world economy in a very short time. Unfortunately, the dynamic development of air transport has also led to the escalation of completely new, previously unknown threats, such as aviation terrorism. The aim of the article is to present the process of forming European Union institutional and legal tools for the protection of civil aviation against acts of terrorism.
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The increase of air terrorism phenomenon causes the necessity to take effective protective measures. The international legal co-operation (both bilateral and multilateral) contributes to combating terrorism. For many years Poland has tried to participate in this process working in various important bodies, although the intensity of our engagement has differed. After 1990 the government of the Polish Republic did its best in order to fully prepare and engage in fighting against air terrorism. Poland is a party of the most significant international conventions under the CIAO concerning civilian air travel and fight against air terrorism (the Hague, Montreal and Tokyo conventions). Signing these conventions meant the necessity to introduce essential changes in our law. The treaties signed with our neighbours and other countries are an important factor in Polish co-operation on an international arena in the area of preventing and fighting terrorism. Among 19 treaties and pacts, only two of them did not refer to fighting terrorism. The approach to fighting terrorism and the range of co-operation is different in selective treaties. However, there are some similarities. A new phenomenon in the Polish treaty policy is following provisions of the signed treaties in the international co-operation in the area of crime prevention and fighting, including terrorism conducted by the Ministry of the Interior (and Administration), its agendas and institutions (approximately 40 agreements). Treaties, contracts and bilateral agreements are a stabilising factor to perceive commercial aviation from the Polish point of view.
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