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3
Content available Viral infections in goose flocks in Poland
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EN
The aim of this study was to determine the infectious agents isolated from infection - suspected geese sent for the diagnostic examination to National Veterinary Research Institute. The birds were sent from goose flocks localized in different parts of Poland. Totally, 1,013 birds from 122 flocks were examined. The presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV) was detected by triplex PCR. The presence of GPV DNA was shown in 36 flocks. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in goslings aging 3.5 weeks (ten flocks), and 2.5 weeks (six flocks). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of VP1 encoding region has shown close similarity of Polish GPV strains within the group which ranged from 92% to 100%. Moreover, the similarity level of these strains with GPV isolated in Europe was from 91.3% to 100%. The occurrence of GoCV DNA was shown in 25 goose flocks. The presence of GoCV DNA was found among geese aged from 2 to 6 weeks, but predominantly in those aging 3.5 (three flocks) and 5 weeks (five flocks). The sequence analysis of PCR products from the sequenced region of ORFC1 capsid protein of GoCV has shown that Polish isolates share from 85% to 91% similarity with the sequences of GoCV strains isolated in other countries. The presence of DNA of GHPV was found in 3-week-old geese. During the last 2 years the presence of GHPV was confirmed in three flocks of goslings at the age from 3 to 3.5 weeks. During the last 12 years the occurrence of co-infection with GPV and GoCV was detected in six flocks aging from 5 to 6 weeks.
EN
An adult female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was presented with severe dyspnea and microscopically diagnosed with advanced Trichomonas infection. The bird was bought two weeks before presentation and kept with two males in the same room. Because of the negative prognosis the budgerigar was euthanized. Further investigation revealed massive yellow caseous masses in the oropharynx which caused upper larynx blockage, liver massive necrosis and small intestine haemorrhagic inflammation. Psittacine circovirus infection was confirmed with PCR method, while Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. were cultured from intestine samples. These mixed protozoal and bacterial infections were most probably the effect of immunosuppression caused by Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease.
EN
The objective of the study was to evaluate an efficacy of sows vaccination protocols in the herd with serious problems affecting efficacy of reproduction. The study was performed in a large pig herd with about 1200 sows. Before vaccination against PCV2, farrowing rate in this farm was about 65%. Sows, boar and replacement gilts were immunized using Circovac vaccine (Merial, France) according to producer’s recommendations. Parameters of production were analyzed since 2007 until 2010 in selected batches of sows inseminated at the same weeks of the year (17th, 18th, 19th and 20th) to eliminate seasonal variability. In total, 940 sows were subjected to the study. No significant changes in management during these years were introduced. The applied protocol of sow herd long-term vaccination proved to be very efficient. All measured production parameters: reproduction rate, number of piglets born alive, birth weight of piglets and number of piglets weaned per a litter improved after implementation of immunization program. Moreover, further improvement was observed with vaccination in the following reproduction cycles. The most spectacular effect of vaccination regarded average farrowing rate that increased from 64.76% in control group to 86.93% after basic vaccination. Two years after implementation of vaccination program this parameter reached 93.6%. Number of piglets weaned per sow per a litter improved from 10.31 to 11.74 after one year of vaccination and remained relatively stable through the following year. Simultaneously, the percentage of newborn piglets with birth weight < 1 kg decreased significantly (p < 0.05). To summarize, vaccination against PCV2 influenced positively the insemination rate, number of piglets born alive and weaned per litter as well as birth body weight and percentage of piglets weighing < 1 kg.
EN
The young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS) is a multifactorial disease in which the pigeon circovirus (PiCV) plays an important role in inducing immunosuppression in infected birds. The PiCV is small and has a non- -enveloped icosahedral structure. The YPDS occurs in young birds, usually after weaning at the age of 7-15 weeks, and is characterized by clinical signs such as anorexia, depression, the crop filled with clear yellow liquid, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, and ruffled feathers. Macroscopic examination of affected pigeons generally shows atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the thymus. Histopathological examination reveals lesions of acute necrotizing bursitis, characterized by the infiltration of heterophils into the lumen of the follicles and the medulla. Like all tests, PiCV multiplication in cell cultures and the inoculation of embryonated eggs are unsuccessful. The presence of the PiCV is therefore usually established by detecting viral DNA by PCR. There is no specific treatment or vaccine against PiCV infection. When cases of the young pigeon disease are found, secondary infections, as well as bacterial and parasitic diseases, are diagnosed and treated. Further studies are needed to provide answers to many questions regarding this syndrome. All data collected will enable a better management of infections and associated symptoms.
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