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Kody i zagadki w „spiskach” tatrzańskich

100%

Grabowski M.

Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej

2011

nr 17

237-246

Old Polish Tatra guides manuscripts, the so–called “spiski” (a specific type of informant of the Tatras and the treasures hidden in them) are rich in a variety of puzzles and codes that require theoretical knowledge but also a field practice. Theoretical knowledge, which has ideal reader (or the holder of the manuscript), consists elements of alchemy, knowledge of the topography, as well as knowledge of the symbolism of the rock–carved characters (which to this day are found in the Tatras, mostly in caves of Zadnia Jaworowa Valley). Attempt to correctly interpret the information in the enigmatic content is complicated by the fact that these texts were a priori designed for the initiated, could also have two recipients — as demonstrated by some of the descriptions of the roads. The message addressed to the initiated includes both the puzzles about the location of Seven Bolts and Frog Lake in the Tatras, and intricate descriptions of trails, constructed so that accidental holder of the manuscript (or competitor) had difficulty in choosing the right way. Aim of this study is to look at the structure of puzzles and ciphers in various forms of “spiski”.

Random generation of Boolean functions with high degree of correlation immunity

75%

Grocholewska-Czuryło A.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

2006

tom nr 3

14-18

In recent years a cryptographic community is paying a lot of attention to the constructions of so called resilient functions for use mainly in stream cipher systems. Very little work however has been devoted to random generation of such functions. This paper tries to fill that gap and presents an algorithm that can generate at random highly nonlinear resilient functions. Generated functions are analyzed and compared to the results obtained from the best know constructions and some upper bounds on nonlinearity and resiliency. It is shown that randomly generated functions achieve in most cases results equal to the best known designs, while in other cases fall just behind such constructs. It is argued that the algorithm can perhaps be used to prove the existence of some resilient functions for which no mathematical prove has been given so far.

Šifry a nepředmětné myšlení u Karla Jasperse a Ladislava Hejdánka

75%

Dostál V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2022

tom 70

nr 3

537-558

Ladislav Hejdánek (1927–2020) is known as a thinker who strove to develop his concept of so-called non-objectifying thinking. But he is not an isolated author in this respect. From amongst the world philosophers, Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) also explored a similar issue. Both were convinced that our thinking did not allow us to adequately thematize reality (or certain aspects of reality) and disproportionately objectified it. The study attempts to, in outline, chart, contrast and critically assess these reflections. Jaspers’ alternative to this objectifying thinking is given to be his concept of ciphers of transcendence, by which non-objectifiable reality is to be represented symbolically and without the use of concepts. Hejdánek finds internal contradictions in Jaspers’s conception and proposes his own alternative, which does not allow for the abandonment of thinking in concepts but for its development by working with non‑objective intentions. The dispute between the two authors is understood as a dispute over the possibility of a future change in the way of thinking that has characterized the European tradition up until now.

Ladislav Hejdánek (1927–2020) je znám jako myslitel usilující o vypracování koncepce tzv. nepředmětného myšlení, není však v tomto ohledu autorem ojedinělým. Ze světových filosofů svébytně řešil podobný problém také Karl Jaspers (1883–1969). Oba byli přesvědčeni, že naše myšlení nám neumožňuje adekvátně tematizovat skutečnost (či určité stránky skutečnosti) a nepřiměřeně ji zpředmětňuje. Studie se pokouší tyto jejich reflexe rámcově zmapovat, porovnat a kriticky posoudit. Jako Jaspersova alternativa vůči tomuto předmětnému myšlení je představeno jeho pojetí šifer transcendence, jimiž má být nepředmětná skutečnost míněna symbolicky a bez užití pojmů. Hejdánek v Jaspersově koncepci shledává vnitřní rozpory a navrhuje vlastní alternativu, která nepočítá s opuštěním myšlení v pojmech, nýbrž s jeho rozvinutím pomocí práce s nepředmětnými intencemi. Spor mezi oběma autory je pochopen jako spor o možnost budoucí proměny způsobu myšlení, jímž se vyznačuje dosavadní evropská myšlenková tradice.