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Reactive modifications of the autonomous time structure in the human organism

100%

Hildebrandt G.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

1991

tom 42

nr 1

The spectrum of biological rhythms exhibits characteristic principles of biological time structure which also rule the functional behaviour. With increasing period lengths the rhythms become increasingly complex. In the long-wave section the rhythmic functions find their corresponding cycles in the environment, whereas the shorter waves respresent only endogenous autonomous rhythms, which maintain an internal time order by means of frequency- and phase-coordination. Under resting conditions and in a state of complete adaptation only a few spontaneous rhythms dominate in the spectrum. However, under loading conditions as well as in pathological situations further periodicities come up. The spectrum of rhythms can be divided into certain blocks, with the period lenghts predominating in each of these whole number frequency ratios forming a harmonic system. Frequency- and phase coordination establish a system of co-action which favours the functional economy of the organism. A tripartite organization of the autonomous rhythms involves different functional behaviours with regard to frequency, amplitude, and phase. Slower rhythms act upon the faster rhythms preferably by modulating their frequencies, while changes of the faster rhythms influence the slower ones by enhancing their amplitudes, multiplying their period lengths and shifting their phases. In principle the reactions of living systems are periodically structured. Reactive periodicity brings to appearance an endogenous time structure, which prefers whole number relationships with the spontaneous rhythms. The phase position of reactive periods depends on the stimulus. The amplitudes dampen down with increasing compensation. From the medical point of view so-called circaseptan (about 7 days) reactive periods are of predominant interest. This periodicity can be observed in numerous adaptive and compensating processes. It does not depend on the external week cycle and was already known to the antiquity.

Współczesne zasady chronobiologii stosowane we wczesnośredniowiecznych wspólnotach monastycznych na podstawie reguł Augustyna z Hippony, Cezarego z Arles i Benedykta z Nursji

86%

Cyrek O.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

2012

nr 26

119-142

The article describes the daily schedule of monks who live according to the rules of Augustine of Hippo, Caesarius of Arles and Benedict of Nursia based on the principles of chronobiology.The authors of the monastic rules took into account not only the external conditions, the prevailing climate, but also the natural predisposition of the human body. Monks have to adapt to changes during the year, because they know that the length of night and day changes in each season of the year. Monks carry out their work and adapt well to time-related circadian succession of the cycles of light and darkness. They devote the remaining hours to physical work and other activities of a spiritual or intellectual character. Usually, they arraged their daily schedule in such a way that they could easily perform all their duties.The founders of the rules took into account the body’s natural needs and showed considerable psychological knowledge because they wanted the monks to do nothing contrary to nature and to the maintenance of their health. Although they set the appropriate hours of performing physical labor, engaging in intellectual pursuits, or prayer, they did not always stick to these rules and if necessary, used dispensation.Keywords

The value of interdisciplinary research: lessons from the 2017 Nobel Prize in chronobiology

72%

Giebultowicz J. M.

nr 1

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and doctors working in medical schools, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review will highlight critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.

Slow oscillation circuit of the intergeniculate leaflet

72%

Lewandowski M. H. , Blasiak T.

2004

tom 64

nr 2