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EN
Pre- and postnatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations is generally based on conventional cytogenetic analysis. In this paper, we have devised a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) method to determine gene dose effects and applied it in cases of regular trisomy 21 as a model. The method is based on quantitative assessment of PCR products after using primers amplifying DNA fragments located in the pericentromeric, heterochromatic, euchromatic and telomeric regions of chromosome 21. A gene dose effect on the amount of PCR product in cases of trisomy 21 was confirmed. Moreover, a correlation between the amount of the PCR product of the examined sequences and their location in the chromosome was observed. The obtained results suggest that the Q-PCR technique can be applied in the diagnosis of aneuploidies.
EN
The influence of 3-methylcholanthrene to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) larvae was studied. The artificial spawning of zebra mussels was used for obtaining larvae. Two different concentrations of 3-methylcholanthrene were used. The chromosome analysis showed a significant increase in chromosome aberrations (CA) at the higher concentration of the compound. The resistance of zebra mussel larvae to the lower concentration of 3-methylcholanthrene indicated that zebra mussel larvae are probably not sensitive enough for the study of genotoxicity of the compounds from the PAH group.
EN
The aim of the present paper was to find out by in vitro chromosomal aberration test using human lymphocytes whether cysteine has anticlastogenic properties towards a well-known mutagen - mechlorethamine. The lymphocytes tested were obtained from three healthy donors. Two doses of cysteine (1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml) and three doses of mechlorethamine (0.1,0.2 and 0.3 μg m⁻¹) were tested. It was found that cysteine had anticlastogenic properties and that it reduced the number of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations induced by mechlorethamine.
EN
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and α-2-pyrazylidene-α-cyano N-butyl acetamide (PD-101), a new antiaggregatory pyrazine derivative were tested for their genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) technique. Both compounds were found to be inactive in inducing SCE in concentration from 1 µM up to 1000 µM. The agents displayed inhibitory effect on cell kinetics.
EN
Chromosome morphology was studied in lily genotypes L. candidum, L. x formolongi, L. henryi and L. pumilum, and cultivars ‘Alma Ata,’ ‘Expression,’ ‘Marco Polo,’ ‘Muscadet’ and ‘Star Gazer’ belonging to the horticultural group Oriental hybrids. All genotypes tested represented 2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes. Chromosomal markers were established after Feulgen and silver staining, from analysis of the chromosome length and position of the primary and secondary constrictions. For each chromosome the arm index was calculated. Based on these data, idiograms were drawn. For the genotypes analyzed the markers were the secondary constrictions, as confirmed by silver staining. Chromosome length can be used as a marker in only a few cases. From 4 to 10 chromosomes could be identified using secondary constrictions as markers, depending on the genotype. Markers are proposed for each possible species x cultivar and cultivar x species combination.
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