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Sensory organs and sensing devices

100%

Togawa T.

tom Vol. 49, nr 6

25-27

Sensory organs and sensing devices are compared in their structure and function, and it is pointed out that the difference in their performances comes from the fact that transmembrane proteins play essential roles in receptor cells: single-molecule action produces output in receptor cells, while mass action is required in sensing devices. It is also pointed out that sensing devices will develop beyond sensory organs when the principles of receptor cell can be copied in sensors.

Przedstawiono porównanie narządów czuciowych i układów czujnikowych ze względu na ich budowę i funkcje, wykazując, że różnica w ich właściwościach wynika głównie z zasadniczej roli, jaką w receptorach odgrywają międzybłonowe białka: w komórkach receptora sygnał jest wywołany działaniem pojedynczej molekuły, podczas gdy układy czujnikowe wymagają wielu działań. Układy te będą stale się rozwijać, a w czujnikach będą odtwarzane zasady, na których opiera się działanie komórek receptorów organów czuciowych.

Antennal sensilla in Mallophaga in scanning electron microscope

85%

Zlotorzycka J. , Kassner J.

nr 4

Influence of the stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors on the gastric mucosal blood flow in artificially ventilated and spontaneously breathing rats

71%

Sinski M. , Kowalczyk P. , Stolarczyk A. , Sawionek L. , Przybylski J.

nr 3

The cardiovascular effects of the stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors are different in spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated animals. Respiratory failure and long term sojourn at high altitude coincide frequently with the occurrence of gastric ulceration. In both these situations a profound stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors is present. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the reflex effect of stimulation carotid chemoreceptors on gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat. Arterial chemoreceptors were stimulated by two methods (I) substitution gas mixture of 10% oxygen in nitrogen for room air and (II) direct injection of acid saline ( 0.05 ml, pH=6.8) into the distal part of left common carotid artery. In artificially ventilated rats stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors caused significant increase in gastric mucosal vascular resistance, accompanied by marked decline in blood flow. This effect was mediated by adrenergic mechanism. On the contrary to artificially ventilated rats, decline of gastric mucosal vascular resistance with concomitant increase in blood flow was found in spontaneously breathing animals. This effect was not abolished either by phentolamine or atropine. As vasodilatatory effect of arterial chemoreceptors stimulation was abolished by bilateral vagotomy, we postulate that non adrenergic and non cholinergic vagal fibers mediate observed vascular changes in gastric mucosa in spontaneously breathing rats. We hypothesize that in artificially ventilated patients with respiratory failure stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors by hypoxemia and or acidosis may contribute to the development of gastric mucosal lesions.