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Chemometria i techniki analityczne – narzędzia do wykrywania nielegalnego spalania i współspalania odpadów w paleniskach domowych

100%

Mazur I. , Bątorek-Giesa N. , Misztal E.

2024

tom nr 11

448--453

W Instytucie Technologii Paliw i Energii opracowano nowatorski algorytm klasyfikacyjny, który umożliwia wykrywanie nielegalnego spalania odpadów w paleniskach domowych. Algorytm ten wykorzystuje zaawansowaną analizę chemometryczną i techniki analityczne, takie jak optyczna spektrometria emisyjna (ICP-OES) oraz fluorescencyjna spektrometria rentgenowska (WD-XRF), aby precyzyjnie identyfikować próbki pochodzące ze spalania odpadów. Dzięki zastosowaniu analizy głównych składowych (PCA) oraz metody drzew klasyfikacyjno-regresyjnych (C&RT) możliwa jest klasyfikacja próbek na podstawie ich składu chemicznego. Algorytm został zwalidowany na licznych próbkach i jest skutecznym narzędziem w walce z nielegalnym spalaniem odpadów, wspierając działania w zakresie ochrony środowiska.

At the Institute of Fuel and Energy Technology, an innovative classification algorithm has been developed to detect illegal waste combustion in domestic furnaces. This algorithm uses advanced chemometric and analytical techniques, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF), to precisely identify samples originating from waste combustion. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) and classification and regression tree methods (C&RT), it enables the classification of samples based on their chemical composition. The algorithm has been validated on numerous samples and is an effective tool in combating illegal waste combustion, supporting environmental protection efforts.

Glebokie Lake in Szczecin after hydrotechnical regulations

100%

Miller T. , Svobodova Z. , Meller E. , Poleszczuk G.

tom Vol. 23, nr 1

71--86

Water quality of the Glebokie Lake in Szczecin (NW-Poland) was studied in years 2012-2014. Glebokie Lake is a reservoir with a negative water balance related to the location draining groundwater drinking water intake for Szczecin agglomeration. In 2004 hydrotechnical regulations were conducted aimed at maintaining a constant amount of water in the lake, which involved a temporary feeding Glebokie Lake with Gunica River waters. In order to determine the hydrochemical status of the Lake waters and the factors shaping water quality - 19 water quality indices within 25 months were measured: temperature, pH and water oxygen status, nutrients (N, P) and ionic macrocomponents and Fetot. Trophic status of the lake waters using the Carlson criteria was defined. On the basis of chemometric analysis of measurement data (CA, PCA/FA and DA) we established that statistically significant factors affecting water quality in the study period were: seasonal (the climatic seasons) changes in the biological processes activity, periodical (in April and November) waters inflows from the Gunica River, anthropopressure in during swimming season and the coagulant (FeSO4) presence in the ecosystem. The possibility of applying the chemometric techniques to interpret measurement data in the lake type like Glebokie Lake with a small amount of data has been shown.

Chemometric assessment of chemical element distribution in bottom sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea including Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons- an overview

80%

Szefer P. , Grembecka M.

2009

tom 18

nr 1

25-34

The distribution of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Si, P, S, Al, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, As, Bi, Pb, Tl, Th, U, Ti, Cr, Ba and REE (determined by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, XRF and AAS methods) in bottom sediments of the southern Baltic as well as the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons were discussed. Based on enrichment factors (EFs) the accumulation of the chemical elements in surficial sediment with respect to their concentration in Earth’s crust showed that Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ag in coastal regions seem to be generally anthropogenic in origin. It is shown that the sediments of the Szczecin Lagoon are the most polluted by heavy metals, especially Cd, Zn and Pb, and that the degree of heavy-metal pollution decreases substantially on passing from the Szczecin Lagoon to the Pomeranian Bay and then on passing to the Bornholm Deep and Słupsk Furrow. Fluffy material from the Oder estuary appears to be the main source of heavy metals in the muddy sediments of the Bornholm Deep. The distribution of the rare earth elements (REE) in sediments of the Polish EEZ is more complex than previously thought and may be controlled by the input of Fe-organic colloids from rivers and the presence of detrital material in the sediments. The rare earth element (REE) patterns in sediments from the study region do not appear to have been greatly modified during transport from their source into the southern Baltic. In each of the study areas, there is a slight enrichment in the LREE relative to the HREE in the sediments compared to the NASC. The lack of significant anomalies for the redox-sensitive elements such as Ce and Eu implies that redox processes have marginal significance in modifying the distribution of the REE in the sediments studied. Chemometric techniques (FA, EMA) appeared to be useful for interpreting the spatial differences of chemical element concentrations in the study area.