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1

Information transmission in bank voles by odor and acoustic signals (signalling communication)

100%

Osipova O. , Rutovskaja M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

|

tom Vol. 48, Suppl.

21-36

EN

The informative significance of odor and acoustic signals in bank vole are reviewed. Chemical communication was found to be the main source of information about conspecifics. Bank voles are able to identify sex, age, and physiological state of the partners and to individually recognize them and themselves by means of excretion odor. Acoustic communication probably only reflects the emotional state of the vole without information transmitting.

2

Olfactory and ultrasonic communication in bank voles

100%

Marchlewska-Koj A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2000

|

tom Vol. 48, Suppl.

11-20

EN

Bank vole is one of these species of mammals whose social interaction depends mainly on exchange of olfactory and acoustic/ultrasonic signals. Signalling pheromones serve for communication between the same sex, or male and female. Priming pheromones modify hormonal activity of bank voles. Ultrasonic vocalisation is a second factor which takes part in communication between conspecifics. Males produce ultrasounds in presence of adult females. Newborn voles vocalize at high frequency when isolated from their mother. Ultrasonic vocalization of pups decreases in the presence of nest. This suggest that home chemosignals lower the stress evoked by isolation from mother.

3

Chemical cues from predators can induce anti-predator defence in freshwater algae and invertebrates

75%

Mikulski A.

Biological Bulletin of Poznań

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2000

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tom 37

|

nr 1

4

Chemical communication in large carnivores : urine-marking frequencies in captive tigers and lions

63%

Miguel F. , Barja I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom Vol. 58, nr 2

397-400

EN

Environmental and social pressures can result in interspecies differences in marking behaviours. There is a strong relationship between marking behaviour and the environment. Therefore, closely related species that show behavioural differences in the wild may have different scent marking strategies. We conducted a comparative study of the urine-marking behaviours of tigers and lions in captivity (Madrid Zoo, open enclosures of 514 m2 and 730 m2 respectively, observations of 8 animals for each species). These two closely related species have different natural habitats. We observed interspecific differences in the rates, seasonal variations, and durations of the urine-marking acts. The marking rate was higher in tigers, which also showed seasonal variations not observed in lions. The duration of urine marking was lower in tigers than in lions. These differences seem to correspond to differences between tigers and lions in terms of their natural habitats (forest areas vs open areas), social organizations (solitary vs social), and reproductive biology patterns (seasonal polyoestrous vs annual polyoestrous).

5

Spatial distribution of scent marks in the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes L.) : do red foxes select certain plants as signal posts?

63%

Miguel F. , Valencia A. A. , Arroyo M. , Monclus R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

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tom Vol. 57, nr 3

605-609

EN

Chemical signals are widely used in inter and intraspecific communication in many animals. The importance of scent marks in communication has led to a variety of strategies in animals to increase the detectability and persistence of their scent marks. We studied the scent marking of foxes in relation to the role of plants as scent posts in a suburban Mediterranean forest in Madrid. Twice a month, from October 2005 to April 2006, we prospected 16 fixed 50 x 50 m plots, randomly distributed along the study area. We registered all fox faeces and their association to different plants, as well as the potential availability of the different plant species in our study area. Our results indicate that faeces were associated with plants mainly in the clearings, foxes preferred wooden species to grasses as scent posts and holm oak shrubs and rockroses to other wooden species. These data suggest that red foxes select certain plants as substrates for their faeces and pose the possibility that they are guided by searching images when looking for scent posts.

6

The role of spatial distribution of faeces in coyote scent marking behaviour

63%

Barja I. , List R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

EN

Scats are important for chemical communication in many canids, however, little is known about the faecal marking behaviour in coyotes. In this study we tested if faeces have a function as visual and scent marks during the non-breeding period, analyzing the spatial characteristics of defecation places. We predicted that if faeces are used as chemical signals, these should be deposited in substrates and/or zones that enhance their detection by conspecifics as it happens in other canid species. The study was conducted in native grasslands at the NW limit of the Chihuahuan Desert. Results showed that the proportion of faeces in conspicuous zones (91.3%) was significantly higher than those on inconspicuous zones (8.7%). However, the number of faeces deposited on inconspicuous substrates (92.1%) was significantly higher than on conspicuous substrates (7.9%). Most faeces were on the ground (99.2%) and only 0.8% where raised. 35% of faeces were deposited in crossroads, being these strategic zones repeatedly marked by the coyotes. We observed a significant negative correlation between the number of faeces in crossroads and the distance of faeces to the centre of the crossroad. A high number of scats were found in the proximity of livestock carcasses (21%). In addition, a selection of certain road sections (track and lateral) was observed. Our results suggest that the scats have an important function as scent-marks in coyotes, using specific defecation patterns that appear to correspond to the habitat characteristics in the study area.

7

Effects of chemical cues left by nestmates in familiar areas on illumination preferences of the ant Camponotus melanocnemis Santschi

63%

Korczynska J. , Godzinska E. J.

Biological Bulletin of Poznań

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2000

|

tom 37

|

nr 1

8

Spatial distribution of scent marks in the red fox [Vulpes vulpes L.]: do red foxes select certain plants as signal posts?

51%

De M. F. J. , Valencia A. , Arroyo M. , Monclus R.

|

tom 57

|

nr 3

605-609

EN

Chemical signals are widely used in inter and intraspecific communication in many animals. The importance of scent marks in communication has led to a variety of strategies in animals to increase the detectability and persistence of their scent marks. We studied the scent marking of foxes in relation to the role of plants as scent posts in a suburban Mediterranean forest in Madrid. Twice a month, from October 2005 to April 2006, we prospected 16 fixed 50  50 m plots, randomly distributed along the study area. We registered all fox faeces and their association to different plants, as well as the potential availability of the different plant species in our study area. Our results indicate that faeces were associated with plants mainly in the clearings, foxes preferred wooden species to grasses as scent posts and holm oak shrubs and rockroses to other wooden species. These data suggest that red foxes select certain plants as substrates for their faeces and pose the possibility that they are guided by searching images when looking for scent posts.

9

Selected factors influencing the spatial relationship between latrines and burrows in rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in a suburban area of Madrid (Spain)

51%

Dominguez-Cebrian I. , de Miguel F. J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2013

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

EN

Latrines are a key element of maintenance behaviour in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), as well as a very important source of social and territorial information. On the other hand, its location probably carries significant costs associated with risk of predation. This study focuses on the factors involved in the spatial distribution of rabbit latrines in a suburban Mediterranean forest in Madrid (central Spain). In total, 167 latrines associated to 15 burrows were analyzed and the following information recorded: distance from each latrine to the burrow, ease of transit between each latrine and the burrow, visibility from the latrine and plant cover around the latrine. Our results show that, although all these factors are involved in the latrines disposition, their specific weight in the same was unequal, being ease of transit, visibility and plant cover more important than the distance between the latrines and the burrow.

10

Chemical communication in large carnivores: urine-marking frequencies in captive tigers and lions

51%

Barja I. , Miguel F. J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 2

EN

Environmental and social pressures can result in interspecies differences in marking behaviours. There is a strong relationship between marking behaviour and the environment. Therefore, closely related species that show behavioural differences in the wild may have different scent marking strategies. We conducted a comparative study of the urine-marking behaviours of tigers and lions in captivity (Madrid Zoo, open enclosures of 514 m² and 730 m² respectively, observations of 8 animals for each species). These two closely related species have different natural habitats. We observed interspecific differences in the rates, seasonal variations, and durations of the urine-marking acts. The marking rate was higher in tigers, which also showed seasonal variations not observed in lions. The duration of urine marking was lower in tigers than in lions. These differences seem to correspond to differences between tigers and lions in terms of their natural habitats (forest areas vs open areas), social organizations (solitary vs social), and reproductive biology patterns (seasonal polyoestrous vs annual polyoestrous).

11

Chemical communication in mammal population: urinary olfactory chemosignals in lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas)

51%

Yu H. , Zhao X. , Yue P. , Sun P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 1

EN

Urine is a major source of mammalian chemosignals. Among rodents, the sexual attractiveness and chemical constituents of urine vary with different reproductive stages. We confirmed the differing sexual attractiveness to males of the urine of lactating and non-lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus) and analyzed individual coding forms and lactation-specific putative pheromones, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). First, we documented the behavioral preference of male voles to urine odors of lactating and non-lactating females in a choice maze. The results showed that male voles engaged in more sniffing behavior and spent more time self-grooming in response to urinary odors of lactating females than to urinary odors of non-lactating females. We then used GC-MS to analyze the urine’s individual coding forms and potential chemosignals. We identified 34 volatile compounds, corresponding to 34 GC peaks, in the urine of female voles. The components identified in the urine samples included benzo- forms, alkanes, alkenes, acids, esters, pyrans, alcohols, and other volatile compounds. 12 basic volatiles were detected in all urine samples while others were specific to individuals. (E)5-octadecene and (N) hexadecanoic acid were specific to the lactating stage. A quantitative comparison of the relative abundances of the basic GC peaks showed no difference between the lactating and non-lactating stages, suggesting that individual identity is coded in digital form. We suggest that the urine of lactating females possesses stronger sexual attraction cues because of the presence of (E)5-octadecene and (N)hexadecanoic acid, which are putative lactating pheromones. However, the specific function of the pheromones should be assessed further by bioassay.