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1

Reakcja Boudouarda w procesie fluidalnego zgazowania karbonizatu węglowego

100%

Ściążko M. , Stępień L.

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tom T. 93, nr 12

2065-2070

PL

Jednym z najważniejszych elementów analizy procesu zgazowania jest modelowe opisanie mechanizmu heterogenicznych reakcji stałego materiału organicznego z aktywnymi składnikami fazy gazowej. Dokonano termodynamicznej analizy mechanizmu reakcji Boudouarda na przykładzie fluidalnego zgazowania karbonizatów węglowych i zaproponowano dwustopniowy mechanizm tej reakcji oparty na teorii adsorpcji ditlenku węgla na powierzchni karbonizatu. Przedstawiono też analizę zastępczej stechiometrii dla tej reakcji, co pozwoliło otrzymać równania pozornych stałych równowagi dla każdego z badanych karbonizatów. Obliczeń dokonano wykorzystując wyniki prowadzonego w skali pilotowej (40-70 kg/h) fluidalnego zgazowania karbonizatów z czterech różnych węgli za pomocą powietrza.

EN

Fundamentals and thermodynamics of gasification of carbonaceous materials were presented. Bituminous coals from 4 Polish coal mines were analyzed for chem. compn., carbonized at 600°C in a pilot plant (40-70 kg/h) and gasified with air at 750-1000°C in fluid bed reactor. The reaction of C02 with C to CO and O (adsorbed on C surface) was analyzed from thermodynamic point of view to det. its toichiometry and equil. consts.

2

Pyrolysis products from biomass/synthetic polymer mixtures as potential energy source

84%

Rutkowski P. , Świetlik U. , Beran E.

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tom Vol. 50, nr 1-2

29-39

EN

Bio-oils and chars obtained during pyrolysis carried out in a horizontal rotary oven at 500°C under argon flow and the heating rate of 20°C min"1 from pine wood sawdust, polystyrene and 9:1,3:1, 1:1 (w/w) wood/polystyrene mixtures were investigated in view of their application as fuels. The composition of the blend strongly influences the yield and basic properties of pyrolysis products. The higher proportion of polystyrene in the blend, the higher yield of bio-oil and the lower yield ofcharwas observed. The polystyrene addition to pine wood clearly reduces the amount of pyrolytic water in liquid products. All resulted chars are characterized with similar heating value higher than 31 MJ kg'1. Moreover, it was found that ultimate compositions of chars do not significantly depend on the polystyrene addition to biomass in starting blends. Although the visible increase of carbon content and the decrease of oxygen content is observed, the change is not distinct. On the contrary, the carbon and oxygen content as well as the physicochemical properties of oils are strongly influenced by the blend composition but do not change additively. The addition of polystyrene to pine wood sawdust clearly improves the fuel quality, i.e. pour point, viscosity, total acid number and high heating value. The influence of water removal from bio-oils on their physicochemical properties was also determined. Although it was found that water removal from bio-oil gives product with better properties, bio-oils need improvement of chemical structure to meet requirements for fuels.

3

Effects of Lewis acids on the resultant properties of char and coal tar after carbonisation

84%

Plevova E.

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tom Nr 2

82-84

EN

The controlled impregnation with highly concentrated solutions causing increase of specific surface were mentioned in literature [ 1,3]. This work was aranged at a bit different way because of several reasons. The conditions were modelated due to occurrence of coking coals with higher contents of some metals at Ostrava-Karvina Coal Basin (OKCB) and Slany basin. These kinds of coal are important component of coal blends and they are coked at coking chambers. Metal admixtures at coal influence properties of obtained liquid and solid phase, evocate e.g. local destruction of silica masonry, and it is a really relevant problem to eliminate these admixtures during coal preparation. Also the process of chemical agent washing induces water sources pollution, where technologies of water purity treatment are economically consumptive, and it also brings problems with environmental protection. After coal preparation, low concentration of residual metals still exists, therefore the low concentration of impregnation agents was chosen. Series of impregnated carbons were prepared from bituminous coal by chemical activation with different chloride solutions. The resultant sorption properties of obtained activated carbons were estimated. Activated carbons with best sorption properties were further investigated as well as obtained coal tar. Their properties were evaluated as raw material for carbon industry. Impregnation by ZnCl2, PbCl2 and A1C13 gives activated chars with the highest sorption capacity in comparison to other used chloride solutions.

PL

Przedstawiono rezultaty badań węgla bitumicznego impregnowanego -chemicznie aktywowanego różnymi roztworami chlorków. Oceniono wybrane wlaściwości sorpcyjne otrzymanych karbonizatów - węgli aktywnych. Badaniom poddano również otrzymane ciekłe produkty -smołę węglową. Właściwości otrzymanych węgli aktywnych zostały oszacowane pod kątem wymagań przemysłu tworzyw węglowych. Wykazano, że impregnacja ZnCl2, PbCl2 i AlCl3 daje węgle aktywne o wyższej pojemności sorpcyjnej w porównaniu z innymi zastosowanymi roztworami chlorków.

4

Badanie procesu pirolizy zużytych opon samochodowych w reaktorze laboratoryjnym

84%

Cherbański R. , Wróblewski K. , Molga E.

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tom Nr 1

16--17

PL

W pracy przeprowadzono badania doświadczalne pirolizy zużytych opon w zbudowanym do tego celu stanowisku pomiarowym. Wyniki badań pokazały wpływ temperatury na udziały poszczególnych frakcji produktu, stężenia kluczowych składników fazy ciekłej i gazowej oraz powierzchnię właściwą karbonizatów.

EN

In this work pyrolysis of waste tyres was investigated in the specially built experimental setup. The results show the effect of temperature on the yields of char, iol and gas obtained in the process. Also, the concentration of key species in gas and liquid phases and specific surface area of chars are presented.