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1
Content available remote FMR study of agglomerated nanoparticles in a Fe3C/C system
100%
Guskos N. , Typek J. , Maryniak M. , Narkiewicz U. , Kucharewicz I. , Wróbel R.
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tom Vol. 23, No. 4
1001--1008
EN
Three samples with various Fe3C/C ratios have been prepared by the carburisation of iron with ethylene or an ethylene-hydrogen mixture. Carburisation was controlled with thermogravimetry. After carburisation, the samples were characterized using XRD and scanning electron microscopy. XRD measurements have shown the presence of the Fe3C (cementite) phase only. The mean size of cementite crystallites estimated using Scherrer's equation was in the range of 40-46 nm. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) absorption signals were investigated at room temperature. In all samples an asymmetric, very broad, and intense FMR line shifted toward low magnetic field was recorded. The linewidth, intensity, and position of the resonance field depended strongly on carbon concentration. With increasing carbon concentration the linewidth and integrated intensities of the FMR spectra decreased, and the resonance line shifted towards higher magnetic fields. The separation of granules from each other by carbon could drastically influence the FMR absorption spectrum due to decreasing intergranular interaction with increasing carbon concentration.
2
Content available Modification of Heat Treatment Parameters for Pearlite Steel Intended for Cold Plastic Working
88%
Grygier D.
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2016
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tom Vol. 16, No. 2
44--51
EN
One of the problems widely discussed in the relevant literature is the fatigue cracking of pearlite steel subjected to cold plastic working, as well as of that being currently in operation. Studies presented in the work were aimed at selection of the parameters, and mainly the time, of heat treatment operations of pearlite steel enabling obtaining cold drawn wires characterised with better plastic properties and higher fatigue resistance than the products achieved during standard processes. The idea of modification was based at possibility of obtaining steel of the sorbite, which are a mixture of ferrite and dispersion cementite of high degree of coagulation. The structures obtained with this method, as being globular, should be featured with better plastic properties than the lamellar structures created during standard diffusion transformation of austenite. In addition the discussed change was to enable decreasing the total surface of interphase boundaries at which the highest delaminations of structure were observed, regardless of whether the cause of the change resulted from presence of non-metallic inclusions or pile-up of dislocations.
3
Content available The Role of Microstructure in High Temperature Tribology of Iron Alloys
75%
Krawczyk J. , Rożniata E. , Zimowski S. , Kot M. , Dąbrowski R. , Dziurka R. , Frocisz Ł.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
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tom Vol. 63, iss. 2
915--920
EN
The present paper describe the issue of tool materials wear in a high temperature conditions. The investigations were performed at the cast steel tool material at the tribological contact to the structural steel. The investigations aim was to determine the role of microstructure in a tribological properties between the structural steel and tool material. The results of such investigation could be referenced to the industry conditions and could answer about the problems of tool materials wear. The observations of the wear mechanisms were referred to the microstructure of the mill rolls. The laboratory tests ware aimed at evaluating the thermal treatment modification effect on the cast steels properties. A significant role of the morphology of ledeburitic cementite and secondary cementite on the tribological properties was exhibited. The investigations assumed the presence of an austenitic matrix with primary and secondary cementite. Influence of varying morphology carbides was described. in the cast steel microstructure. The investigation results make possible to point to a direction of carbide morphology change with the purpose of obtaining the assumed properties of hot operation tools.
4
Content available The Role of Microstructure in High Temperature Tribology of Iron Alloys
75%
Krawczyk J. , Rożniata E. , Zimowski S. , Kot M. , Dądrowski R. , Dziurka R. , Frocisz Ł.
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nr 2
5
Content available The effectiveness of spheroidization pearlitic steel with regard to the degree of plastic deformation
75%
Grygiel D. , Dudziński W. , Gerstein G. , Nürnberger F.
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tom Vol. 3, no. 1
6--9
EN
Pearlitic steels containing from some 0,8 to 0,95% C belong to the group of unalloyed steels of the quality class destined for cold drawing or rolling, they find application mainly as wires used for reinforcement of tires, hoses or rope production. However this group of steels characterized low machinability, as a consequence of presence hard plates of cementite, the intervention ameliorative this property is spheroidizing annealing. The object of the tests presented in paper was wires of pearlitic steel obtained after the successive stages of cold plastic working. The aim of the tests was to show that the condition of the material and mainly degree of plastic deformation have a clearly influence on the effectiveness of pearlitic steel spheroidization.
6
Content available The effectiveness of recrystallization high carbon steel with regard to the condition of material
63%
Grygier D.
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tom Vol. 3, no. 1
20--24
EN
The main aim of the studies presented in paper was to optimize the parameters of the recrystallisation annealing process used in the course of cold plastic working of high carbon steel for patented wires. Object of the research described in the work was eutectoid steel of 0,8% content of C designated for production of colddrawn wires applied for reinforcement of car tires, hoses and ropes. The results of tests show that the condition of the material and mainly degree of plastic deformation has a clearly influence on the effectiveness of pearlitic steel recrystallisation.
7
Content available Analysis of the causes of damage to the wires of the steel belt of car tires
63%
Grygier D.
Interdisciplinary Journal of Engineering Sciences
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2016
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tom Vol. 4, no. 1
45--49
EN
The main when buying car tires we would like them to serve us as long as possible while the experts recommend their replacement after six years at the latest – is it really necessary? In this work the analysis of the impact of car tires operation on microstructure of the steel belt wires has been presented. The results of the presented research have proven that as a result of the complex stresses in the belt wire material the transverse cracks of individual cementite lamellae appear. The observed structural changes are a major cause of fatigue cracks development and finally result in breaking continuity of steel belt wires, breakthrough of the rubber layer and eventually damage to the tires, preventing their further work.
8
Content available remote Decomposition mechanisms of continuously cooled bainitic rail in the critical heat-affected zone of a flash-butt welded joints
51%
Królicka A. , Żak A. , Kuziak R. , Radwański K. , Ambroziak A.
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2021
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tom Vol. 39, No. 4
615--625
EN
The joining process of bainitic rails is significant in terms of their industrialization in high-speed and heavy-loaded railways. This paper demonstrates the microstructure changes in the critical zone of the welded joint, which is responsible for the greatest deterioration in mechanical properties. Extensive progress in the decomposition of the retained austenite and bainitic ferrite occurs in the low-temperature heat-affected zone (LTHAZ) of the flash-butt welded joint of low-carbon bainitic rail. The decomposition products of the retained austenite were mainly a mixture of cementite and ferrite. The cementite was mainly precipitated at the boundary of the bainitic ferrite laths, which indicates lower thermal stability of the filmy austenite. Moreover, it was found that a part of the refined blocky retained austenite was decomposed into the ferrite and nanometric cementite, while another remained in the structure. The decomposition mechanisms are rather heterogeneous with varying degrees of decomposition. A relatively high proportion of dislocations and stress fields prove the occurrence of residual stresses formed during the welding process.
9
Content available remote Metaloznawcze podstawy kształtowania struktury i właściwości blach ze stali DP w procesie ciągłego wyżarzania
51%
Molenda R. , Kuziak R.
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tom T. 63, nr 2
29-41
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę literatury metaloznawczej dotyczącej procesów zachodzących w trakcie ciągłego wyżarzania blach cienkich. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na proces rozpuszczania perlitu w osnowie ferrytycznej oraz jaki wpływ wywiera on na tworzenie się austenitu, co jest istotnym elementem w procesie tworzenia struktury ferrytyczno-martenzytycznej stali DP. Przedstawiono zależności między strukturą a właściwościami mechanicznymi omawianych stali. Omówiono kilka przemysłowych oraz laboratoryjnych linii do ciągłego wyżarzania taśm ze stali DP.
EN
The article contains analysis of physical metallurgy literature concerning the processes occurring during continuous annealing of thin plates. Particular emphasis was put on the process of pearlite dissolution in ferrite matrix as well as the impact it has on formation of austenite, which is a significant element in the process of DP steel ferrite - martensitic structure formation. Interrelations between the structure and mechanical properties of the concerned steels were presented. Several industrial and laboratory lines for continuous annealing of DP steel strip were described.
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