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Glia and glutamate: new key players in the pathology of major depression

100%

Rajkowska G.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2009

tom 69

nr 3

Postmortem studies in depression reveal age-dependent cell pathology in prefrontal cortex. Prominent reductions in glia and specifi cally, in astrocytes, are observed in younger depressed, whereas neuronal pathology is found in elderly with depression. As astrocytes regulate extracellular concentrations of glutamate (via glial glutamate transporters), an early defi cit in astrocytes could lead to increases in extracellular glutamate and toxic damage to neurons as depression progresses. This is supported by postmortem studies of reduced expression of mRNA and protein for the glial glutamate transporter in younger depressed and by reductions in glutamatergic neurons in elderly depressed. Moreover, alterations in glutamate metabolism are reported in neuroimaging studies of depressed patients. Interestingly, agents increasing expression of glial glutamate transporters and/or altering glutamate neurotransmission show antidepressant activity. Our hypothesis that glial pathology is an initial stage of cellular and neurochemical changes in depression was confi rmed by observations of glial/glutamate defi cits in chronically stressed rodents. Pharmacologically-induced loss of astroglia, but not neurons in the rat prefrontal cortex will induce depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, treatment with riluzole (a modulator of glutamate release) reverses stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and blocks glia impairments providing a link between dysfunction of glia and glutamate in depression.

Cytokine stimulation of CD34 bone marrow cells prior to cryopreservation enhances their post-thawing proliferative potential

100%

Ratajczak M. Z. , Ratajczak J. , Kregenov D. A. , Kuczynski W. I. , Skorski T. , Gewirtz A. M.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

1994

tom 32

nr 3

DNA methylation in states of cell physiology and pathology

80%

Sulewska A. , Niklinska W. , Kozlowski M. , Minarowski L. , Naumnik W. , Niklinski J. , Dabrowska K. , Chyczewski L.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

2007

tom 45

nr 3

Effect of mitogens on the in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from normal and BLV-infected cattle

80%

Stec J. , Grundboeck-Jusko J. , Szczotka M. , Reichert M. , Rulka J. , Kozaczynska B.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

1993

tom 37

nr 2

Identification of actin from hepatoma Morris 5123 cells

80%

Nowak D. , Kochman A. , Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

1999

tom 46

nr 4

The hepatoma Morris 5123 tumor growth is accompanied by changes in actin content and polymerization (Malicka-Błaszkiewicz et al. (1995) Mat. Med. Pol., 27, 115-118; Nowak et al. (1995) J. Exp. Cancer Res. 14, 37-40). Presently actin isoforms from cytosol and cytoskeleton fractions were separated by SDS/PAGE and identified with antibodies directed against different actin isoforms. Actin isolated from the cytosol by affinity chromatography on DNase I bound to agarose shows the presence of only one protein spot on 2D gel electrophoresis corresponding to the mobility of the rabbit α skeletal muscle actin (Mr 43000) and isoelectric point equal to 5.3. It interacts only with monoclonal anti β actin isoform antibodies, posing the question of differential affinity of actin isoforms to DNase I.

Comparison of two vaccines against bovine leukemia virus [BLV], containing formalin treated or native virus proteins

80%

Grundboeck M. , Buzala E. , Szczotka M.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

1992

tom 36

Viability and infectivity of BLV - induced tumour cells and leukaemic lymphocytes, exposed to different temperatures and to various NaCl concentrations

70%

Grundboeck M. , Buzala E. , Szczotka M.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

1993

tom 37

nr 2