Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Optymalizacja procesu immobilizacji komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae w żelu alginianowym

100%

Rombel-Bryzek A. , Zhuk O. , Latała A.

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tom Vol. 10, No. 1

289--297

PL

Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena wpływu dwuwartościowych kationów wapnia, magnezu i baru, na zdolność sieciowania żelu alginianowego, stosowanego do unieruchamiania komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae, oraz oznaczenie aktywności enzymatycznej dehydrogenazy bursztynianowej w immobilizowanych komórkach. Do immobilizacji komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae wykorzystywano zawiesinę komórek drożdży w alginianie sodu, który następnie żelowano roztworami chlorku wapnia (2, 5, 10 i 30%), chlorku baru (1, 2, 3, 4 i 5%) oraz chlorku magnezu (5%). Aktywność dehydrogenazy bursztynianowej badano spektrofotometrycznie i mierzono za pomocą ilości zredukowanego błękitu metylenowego (sztuczny akceptor elektronów). Uzyskane wyniki ujawniły, że zarówno stężenie, jak i rodzaj stosowanych jonów mają istotny wpływ na stopień usieciowania żelu alginianowego i w konsekwencji na aktywność enzymatyczną SDH w unieruchomionych komórkach. Spośród zastosowanych kationów metali zdolne do sieciowania alginianu były jony wapnia i baru. Ponadto okazało się, że kationy baru charakteryzują się silniejszym powinowactwem do alginianu, dając silniej usieciowany żel alginianowy. Wykazano, że zbyt silne usieciowane alginianu może ograniczać wymianę substancji między żelem alginianowym a roztworem mieszaniny reakcyjnej i, w konsekwencji, zaburzać przebieg reakcji enzymatycznej.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of divalent cations, calcium, magnesium and barium, for the ability to crosslink the alginate gel. The alginate gel was used to immobilize cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the immobilized cells was determined. A suspension of yeast cells in sodium alginate, was gelation by solutions of calcium chloride (2, 5, 10 and 30%), barium chloride (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) and magnesium chloride (5%). Succinate dehydrogenase activity was tested spectrophotometrically and measured using a reduced amount of methylene blue (an artificial electron acceptor). The results revealed that both the concentration and type of ions employed are important to the degree of cross-linking of the alginate gel and consequently on the enzymatic activity of the SDH immobilized cells. Among the used metal cations capable of crosslinking the alginate are calcium and barium. It was also shown that the barium cations have a stronger affinity for the alginate, to give highly crosslinked alginate gel. It has been shown that too strong cross-linked alginate may limit the exchange of substances between the alginate gel and the solution of the reaction mixture, and consequently interfere with the course of the enzymatic reaction.

2

Alpha-galactosidase in immobilized cells of Citrullus vulgaris L.

100%

Stano J. , Micieta K. , Tokhtaeva E. , Fulmekova M.

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nr 3-4

EN

Cells of suspension culture Citrullus vulgaris cv. "Samara" were permeabilized by Tween 80 and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. The highest a-galactosidase activity was at pH 5.4 and 60°C. The hydrolysis of substrate was linear for 3.5 h reaching 65-70% conversion of the substrate. The cells characterized with high enzyme activity, and stability in long-term storage showed convenient physico-mechanical properties (physical protection from shear forces and easy separation of product from biocatalysts).

PL

Za pomocą Tween 80 wywołano przepuszczalność komórek kultury Citrullus vulgaris odmiany Samara, po czym immobilizowano je za pomocą glutaraldehydu. Najwyższą aktywność a-galaktozydazy zaobserwowano przy pH 5.4 w temperaturze 60°C. Przez 3,5 godziny prowadzono liniową hydrolizę substrátu, co doprowadziło do konwersji substrátu w wysokości 65-70%. Komórki cechowały się wysoką aktywnością enzymów, a stabilność podczas dłuższego utrzymywania ich w stanie immobilizacji wykazała odpowiednie właściwości fizyczno-mechaniczne (fizyczną wytrzymałość na siły zniekształcające oraz łatwe oddzielenie produktu od biokatalizatorów).

3

Immobilization of pseudomonas sp. KLM9 in sodium alginate: a promising technique for L-glutaminase production

88%

Divatar M. , Sandhya G. , Ahemad S. , Lingappa K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 04

EN

Microbes and process development are gaining considerable importance owing to their exploitation and suitability for the production of the enzymes of therapeutic and industrial significance. In the present study attempts were made to immobilize the Pseudomonas Sp. KLM9 in different supporting matrix to analyze the possible enhancement in the production of L-Glutaminase. The consequences of the study reveal that, sodium alginate at 3.5% concentration was found to be the better supporting matrix than the others. Further, initial pH 7 of the incubation media, incubation temperature of 37 °C were supported good yield of L-Glutaminase by immobilized Pseudomonas Sp KLM9. The fermentation period was reduced to 36 hr with immobilized cells. There is moderate increase in the production L-Glutaminase by the immobilized cells than the free cells of Pseudomonas Sp KLM9. Biomass obtained from the 18 hr old culture of Pseudomonas Sp KLM9 was found better to immobilize for the production of L-Glutaminase.

4

Beta-glucanase productivity improvement via cell immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli cells in different matrices

75%

Beshay U. , El-Enshasy H. , Ismail I. M. K. , Moawad H. , Abd-El-Ghany S.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2011

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tom 60

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nr 2

EN

The studies have been performed to analyze the production of β-glucanase by a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli immobilized in different matrices. Porous sintered glass SIRAN®, Ceramic supporting matrices and Broken Pumice stone as well as SIRAN Raschig-rings were examined for the immobilization of whole bacterial cells. The β-glucanase activity of bacteria immobilized in CeramTec PST 5 (4–5 mm) was very low. CeramTec PST 5 (1.5–2.5 mm) was found to be the best carrier compared to all other matrices regarding glucanase production (630 U/ml) and compared to enzyme activity produced by free cells (500 U/ml). Different doses of matrices were applied (2, 5, 7, 10 g/lask) in the form of “matrix weight”. Using 2 g/flask of CeramTec PST 5 (1.5–2.5 mm) yielded enzyme activity of 630 U/ml). CeramTec gives highest operational stability of β-glucanase by repeated batch fermentation to 5 cycles, and activity reached 660 U/ml. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a high number of vegetative cells that continued growth inside the matrices, indicating that β-glucanase activity improvement was due to the immobilization of the cells.

5

Statistical optimization of alpha-amylase production by Streptomyces erumpens MTCC 7317 cells in calcium alginate beads using response surface methodology

75%

Kar S. , Ray R. C.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2008

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tom 57

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nr 1

EN

α-Amylase has a wide range of applications in starch industries, i.e. baking, brewing, distillery, etc. The α-amylase production from Streptomyces erumpens MTCC 7317 immobilized cells was compared with that of free cells. The immobilized cells of S. erumpens in calcium alginate beads were more effective for production of α-amylase (12.2% more yield) than free cells. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of main variables, i.e. incubation period, pH and temperature on enzyme production with immobilized cells. A full factorial Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to study these main factors that affected α-amylase production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, pH and temperature were 36 h, 6.0 and 50°C, respectively for immobilized cells. Repeated batch fermentation of immobilized cells in shake flasks carried out in starch-beef extract medium showed that S. erumpens cells were physiologically active on the support even after four cycles of fermentation.

6

Saccharase in free and immobilized cells of Papaver somniferum L.

75%

Stano J. , Micieta K. , Kovacs P. , Neubert K. , Menon V. P.

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nr 1-2

EN

Cell suspension of Papaver somniferum L. (opium poppy) was permeabilized by Tween 80 and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. The highest saccharase activity was at pH 4.6 and 50°C. The hydrolysis of the substrate was linear for 5 h reaching 69% of conversion, A very good storage stability was achieved when using dry catalyst, or a solution of 0.15 M NaCl with the addition of chloramphenicol, (l-methyldodecyl)-dimethylamin-4-oxide (ATDNO), Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CLCTC) or by freezing the immobilized cells in 0.15 M NaCl. The cells characterized by high enzyme activity and stability in long-term storage showed convenient technological and physicomechanical properties.

PL

Zawiesina komórkowa Papaver Somniferum L. (mak lekarski) traktowana byta (permeabili- zowana) detergentem Tween 80, a następnie immobilizowana aldehydem glutarowym. Najwyższą aktywność sacharazy stwierdzono dla pH 4,6 i temp. 50°C. Hydroliza substrátu przebiegała liniowo w ciągu 5 godz. osiągając poziom konwersji równy 69%. Bardzo dobrą stabilność immobilizowanych komórek w warunkach przechowywania uzyskano przy użyciu suchego katalizatora lub 0,15 M roztworu NaCl z dodatkiem chloramfenikolu, (l-metylododecylowego)-dwumetyloaminowego-4-tlenku (ATDNO), chlorowodorku chlorotetracykliny (CLCTC) lub też stosując zamrażanie w 0,15 M roztworze NaCl. Komórki charakteryzujące się wysoką aktywnością enzymatyczną oraz stabilnością w warunkach długotrwałego przechowywania, wykazywały też przydatne fizyczne i mechaniczne właściwości technologiczne.

7

Changes in the Structure of Myco- and Microbiocenosis of Soil with Use of Fungi and Bacteria Strains Immobilized on Biochar as an Example of Ecosystem Maintenance Services

63%

Oliferchuk V. , Fedorovych D. , Samarska M. , Bunetskyi V. , Samborskyy M. , Kachor A. , Kurylenko O. , Olejniuk-Puchniak O. , Kendzora N. , Hotsii N.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 6

42--52

EN

During recent decades the importance of ecosystems management services and maintenance have became paramount. We have proposed and implemented the technology of mycocenosis regulation of the rhizosphere of walnut nursery plants. Biotechnology involves inoculation before planting the roots of tree plants with the mycorrhizal drug Mikovital, which contains strains of the fungus Tuber melanosporum VS 1223 and the ascomycete Vitasergia svidasoma. Also it was applied in the combination with Florabacillin, which contains live cells of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The introduction of the mycorrhizal remedy into the rhizosphere of the walnut contributed to the change of such ecological characteristics of mycocenoses as the length and biomass of the fungal mycelium and the number of spores. To increase the efficiency of mycorrhization, an immobilization medium biochar with fungi and bacteria was used (Mikovital + Florabacillin + biochar). After use of this soil improvement complex in the rhizosphere of plants, the length of fungal mycelium increased by 8–10 times, and biomass by 5–7 times, in comparison with the rhizosphere of walnut on the control plot. Based on the dominance indices we had seen a signifficant increase in species diversity, which confirms the positive effect of immobilization of fungal cells and bacteria on the biochar. Optimum concentrations of 0.2% biochar additive to the Mikovital. It also have reduced the number of pathogens in the rhizobiome of the treated plants. The created harmoniously functioning ecosystem of the nut nursery as the result of above experiments will provide further self-regulation of this local natural ecosystem, as evidenced by the development of plants, their appearance and growth, as well as previous studies in the hazelnut garden. Mechanisms for bioregulation of soil and plant ecosystems have effectively included the use of man-made technology to stimulate natural mechanisms.

8

Unieruchamianie komórek drobnoustrojów metoda kapsułkowania - stan obecny i możliwości rozwoju tej metody

51%

Dembczynski R. , Jankowski T.

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nr 4

5-17

PL

W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat unieruchamiania komórek drobnoustrojów. Scharakteryzowano właściwości alginianu jako najpowszechniej stosowanego materiału do unieruchamiania komórek oraz omówiono podstawowe techniki kapsułkowania materiałów komórkowych. Przedstawiono także przykłady praktycznego wykorzystania kapsułkowanych komórek.

EN

In the paper, the basic information on cell immobilization by encapsulation was described. Properties of the alginate, the most popular material used for immobilization, were characterized. The main encapsulation techniques were reviewed, as were some examples of the encapsulated cell applications.

9

Beta-galactosidase in immobilized cells of gherkin Cucumis sativus L.

51%

Stano J. , Nemec P. , Bezakova L. , Kakoniova D. , Kovacs P. , Neubert K. , Liskova D. , Andriamainty F. , Micieta K.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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1998

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tom 45

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nr 2

EN

Cell suspensions of gherkin (Cucumis sativus L.) were permeabilized by Tween-80, and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. β-Galactosidase showed pH optimum at 4.9 and temperature optimum at 58 °C. The enzyme catalysed hydrolysis was linear for 3 h with 60-68% conversion of the substrate. The cells characterized by high β-galactosidase activity and stability on long-term storage showed valuable technological properties.