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EN
Gravity separation using jigs is widely used for coarse particle sizes separation. However, fine sizes reduce jig performance. In this study, the upgrading of celestite ore by jig was investigated at different size fractions in the presence of ragging material. Three size fractions, i.e., -15+2 mm, - 2.0 + 0.50 mm and - 0.50 + 0.08 mm were used. The steel balls were used, as ragging material, to improve the separation of fines as well as to improve the concentrate quality. The statistical design was used to correlate celestite grade and recovery with studied operating variables, i.e., the ragging number of layers, ragging balls diameter, and separation time, at a fixed water flow rate and stroke length. The design results indicated that the ragging balls diameter and their number of layers play an important role. The smaller the ragging balls diameter and the higher the ragging number of layers are the better the concentrate grade but the longer the separation time. A celestite concentrate of (> 95% SrSO4) with 74.5% recovery was obtained for - 2.0 + 0.50 mm size fraction at the optimum conditions; i.e., 3.1 mm ragging balls diameter, one ragging layers, and 15 minutes separation time.
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Content available The tube wall of Cambrian anabaritids
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EN
Celestite/barite−replaced and phosphate−replicated tubes of Early Cambrian anabaritids from the northern part of the Siberian Platform (Anabar Shield) give new evidence on the wall−structure of these enigmatic fossils. The walls consist of fibres, interpreted as reflecting an original aragonitic fabric. Bundles of fibres are arranged in growth lamellae, and the latter form an angle of at least 45° with the inner tube wall. Where the outer tube surface projects into annular flanges, the lamellae have a chevron−like section due to the backwards deflection of the outer parts. Anabaritids are usually referred to the Cnidaria or left without systematic assignment, but earlier suggestions included affinity to the serpulid polychaetes. The chevron structure resembles that previously exclusively known from serpulids, but the presence of internal tooth−like structures in anabaritid tubes, perhaps compromising up−and−down movement through the tubes, continue to make a direct assignment to the Serpulida questionable.
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