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EN
The work shows the characteristics of cognitive abilities in the context of the display markers of human cognition. In early childhood education, the cognitive abilities of students are considered valuable. Knowledge of the diversity of such capacity is about the content of educational purposes. The correct wording requires recourse to general didactics.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę zdolności poznawczych w kontekście wyznaczników ludzkiego poznania. Kształtowanie tych zdolności uczniów w edukacji wczesnoszkolnej jest uważane za bardzo wartościowe. Wiedza na temat różnorodności cech zdolności powinna być ujęta w treściach celów edukacyjnych. Prawidłowy opis zdolności poznawczych sformułowanych w celach kształcenia wymaga odwoływania się do opisu kategorii celu w dydaktyce ogólnej.
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nr 4
67-90
EN
Religious faith is a supernatural reality – given for free and, at the same time, set – requiring man's commitment. In the second aspect we can talk about the development of faith. Supporting the development of faith means upbringing according to psycho-social development of a student. The main aim in the process of upbringing towards the intensification of faith is supporting a student in shaping his comprehensive, mature and personal relationship with Christ. This aim implies specific aims of upbringing which are the main topic of the analysis included in the article.
EN
Forest areas are treated as one of the most important resources for a modern human, which is an integral part of his existence. The aim of this study was to determine a degree of the influence that forest environment has on the psychological and physical development of Polish teenagers as well as to recognize the motives having the greatest impact on the need of school youth to stay in the forest environment. We also tried to define skills and values acquired by young people through the use of forest areas. We used a diagnostic survey method. Authors' questionnaire was applied to survey 3,590 respondents all over Poland. The study was conducted in May and June 2014. Altogether we surveyed 1,206 high school students, 1,186 junior high students and 1,198 pupils from the elementary schools. The discriminant function was applied for statistical analyzes. The main motives for young people to stay in the forest environment were resting, gathering undergrowth, physical recreation as well as education on the economy and protection of forest resources (tab. 1). The co−participants of young people were mostly parents, to a lesser extent, tourist guides, foresters and educators dealing with forestry issues. Young people often organized trips to the forest areas on their own (tab. 2). Teenagers treat the forest as a place of physical and mental regeneration, a place of active resting by practicing such forms of recreational activities as walking, jogging, nordic walking, cycling and, to a lesser extent, horse riding and skiing (tab. 5). They also strongly emphasized the possibility to gather undergrowth in the forest areas. The forest resources are an important place for practicing physical recreation, relaxation and regeneration of psychophysical forces of Polish schoolchildren (tab. 4). The forest environment gives young people the opportunity to relax, restore emotional balance and to enjoy their stay in the bosom of nature. The forest environment influences the acquisition and improvement of many skills related to healthy lifestyle as well as cognitive elements associated with forest management and the function of forest (tab. 3). Despite the significant role of forest services in educational activities, the main responsibility of preparing children and young people to skillful use of forest resources rests on foresters and educators related to the forest environment.
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