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EN
In case of small animals the endoscopic examination of the digestive tract may apply to the endoscopy of esophagus, stomach and duodenum, which is described as the examination of the anterior part of the digestive tract (panendoscopy), or may be limited to examination of rectum and colon, which is described as endoscopy of the posterior part of the digestive tract. The examination was performed in the 12 cats of European race, various sex, 2-6 years of age and divided into 2 groups. We received some interesting results: Fibroscopy of the anterior part of digestive tract is a safe and very useful diagnostic technique to recognise esophagus, stomach and duodenum illnesses in cats. Olympus XQ 20 pediatric fibroscope can be used in endoscopy of the anterior part of digestive tract in cats. Esophagoscopy might be performed with stiff endoscope, which is of little use in gastroscopy.
PL
Pięciomiesięczny, europejski krótkowłosy kotek, trafił do kliniki okulistycznej z powodu bólu oka oraz nadmiernego łzawienia. W trakcie badania okulistycznego stwierdzono niedorozwój powieki górnej oka prawego. Ageneza występowała na odcinku 1/3 długości powieki od strony kąta bocznego. Brak fragmentu powieki powodował ciągłe drażnienie rogówki. Jedynym sposobem poprawienia komfortu życia kotka było przeprowadzenie zabiegu rekonstrukcji powieki. Zabieg wykonano metodą Roberts – Bistnera.
EN
Święs J., Grodzińska L., Sławiński M., Gryglewski R. J.: Kallikrein-thrombolytic and hypotensive action in cats - preliminary results. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1990, 41 (1-3): 87-95. An intravenous injection of kallikrein produced hypotensive and thrombolytic effects in anasthetized cats, using the blood superfused tendon technique. The thrombolytic action of kallikrein was mediated by an unstable substance. The generation of this substance was abolished by either acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or aprotonin and enhanced by captopril. The hypotensive action of kallikrein was only partially inhibited by ASA. It is proposed that both these pharmacological effects of kallikrein are mediated by bradykinin which in turn releases prostacyclin from the endothelium. However, in contrast to the thrombolytic effect of kallikrein which is totally mediated by prostacyclin the hypotensive action of kallikrein depends not only on prostacycylin but also on another endothelium-derived vasorelaxant, e.g. EDRF.
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Content available Językowo-kulturowy obraz kota w polszczyźnie
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PL
Autor stara się (traktując język jako środek i narzędzie opisu oraz ujęcia wszelkich elementów rzeczywistości, jako coś, co pośredniczy w usiłowaniach człowieka dotarcia do świata, który go otacza) udzielić odpowiedzi na następujące pytanie: jaka wiedza o kocie została utrwalona i skumulowana w ciągu wieków w języku polskim oraz w kulturze polskiej, szczególnie zaś w kulturze ludowej. W tym celu rejestruje cechy typowe i powtarzalne (przyjęte, utrwalone i zaabsorbowane przez społeczność posługującą się językiem polskim) zakodowane w potocznej świadomości użytkowników języka polskiego, odnoszone do klasy kotów oraz wszelkich wartościowań, sposobów postrzegania, doświadczeń związanych z obserwacją zachowań poszczególnych przedstawicieli tej klasy zwierząt. Efektem rozważań autora jest zaproponowana przez niego, zawierająca cechy kategorialne i stereotypowe, definicja kota: ‘zwierzę niewielkich rozmiarów o ostrych, zakrzywionych, chwytliwych pazurach, dobrym wzroku, kształtnej, okrągłej głowie; o zwinnym, smukłym ciele pokrytym miękką, puszystą sierścią; przymilne i figlarne – stąd też hodowane często przez człowieka dla zabaw, jak również do łowienia myszy; nie znoszące psów, mruczące i miauczące, lubiące mleko; polujące w pojedynkę; zachowujące się cicho i bezszelestnie. Przypisuje mu takie cechy, jak: spryt, mądrość, przebiegłość, przemyślność, ostrożność, przezorność, zręczność oraz nieustępliwość, niezależność i samodzielność. Ze względu na swój wdzięk i łagodność, tudzież przyjemne wrażenia dotykowe związane z jego miękką sierścią, jak również użyteczność, darzone jest przez człowieka sympatią i cieszy się jego przychylnością’.
EN
The author tries to answer the question of what knowledge about cats has been perpetuated and cumulated across the ages in the Polish language and in Polish culture, especially in Polish folk culture. The author treats language as a means and a tool for describing and capturing any elements of reality; he sees language as something that mediates in human effort to describe the world around us. In order to answer the question, the author gathers typical and recurring features – i.e. features that are accepted, preserved, and absorbed by the community using the Polish language. That is, the features that are encoded in the common awareness of the Polish language users related to the class of cats, as well as various valuative judgements, ways of perception, and experiences related to the observation of the behaviour of individual representatives of the class in question. The result of these explorations is a definition of cat proposed by the author. The definition in question encompasses characteristics that are categorial and stereotypical in their nature: “a small animal, with sharp, curved, prehensile claws, good eye-sight, and a well-formed round head. It has an agile body covered with soft, fluffy fur. [Cats] are ingratiate and playful; hence, bred by humans for entertainment and also for hunting mice. Cats hate dogs; they purr and meow, they like milk. Cats hunt alone; they behave silently and noiselessly. They are attributed such qualities as cunning, wisdom, slyness, ingenuity, cautiousness, foresightedness, agility, and persistence, independence, or self-reliance. Due to their charm and gentleness, or pleasant tactile sensations related to their soft fur, and also their usefulness, people have an affinity for cats”.
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EN
The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) possesses numerous difficulties owing to the unclear etiology of the disease. This article overviews the drugs used in the treatment of IBD depending on the intensity of clinical symptoms (Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index and Canine Chronic Enterophaty Clinical Activity Index). Patients demonstrating mild symptoms of the disease are usually placed on an appropriate diet which may be combined with immunomodulative or probiotic treatment. In moderate progression of IBD, 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine or olsalazine) derivatives may be administered. Patients showing severe symptoms of the disease are usually treated with immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics and elimination diet. Since the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, the advancements in biological therapy research will contribute to the progress in the treatment of canine and feline IBD in the coming years.
EN
This work deals with the application of a pattern recognition method to distinguish the degree of diaphragm paralysis after gradual unilateral sections of phrenic nerve rootlets in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. The data set consisted of the features that characterize breathing pattern and of phrenic nerve amplitude. The method called for stratification of 6-dimensional vectors into three classes: intact, partial, and complete unilateral phrenicotomy, which offers the possibility to construe the classification rule on the basis of the information contained in a set of feature vectors with the known class-membership. This method deals with the use of a distance function as a measure of similarity between two feature points. The results show that the degree of diaphragm paralysis could be recognized with the probability higher than 90%. Distinguishing the severity of diaphragmatic dysfunction and the compensatory strategies of the respiratory system, knowing only a handful of basic values describing breathing pattern, might have a practical meaning in respiratory emergencies.
EN
The aim of this study was to elaborate criteria defining the morphotype and to perform a morphological and morphometric analysis of the squamous part of the occipital bone and of the foramen magnum in the European cat. The study material comprised 50 corpses of European cats of both sexes and of bodyweight from 1.35 to 7.7 kg, aged from 1 year to 17 years. The study material underwent detailed preparation and morphometries of the skull, squamous part of the occipital bone and the foramen magnum were performed. The skull index (IC) data obtained indicate that the European cat represents a mesaticephalic morphotype. In the morphometrical analysis of the foramen magnum the following were included: the foramen magnum index (IFM), the occipital index (IOF), and the index of the squamous part of the occipital bone (ISO). In the morphology of the squamous part of the occipital bone two categories were distinguished: the first was characterized by a form close to an isosceles triangle with its base directed to the bottom. In none of the specimens studied was a dorsal notch in the form of a "keyhole" observed, nor was there any other deformation in the foramen magnum, which takes the form of a slightly crosswise elongated regular oval. The results of this study indicate that in the European cat the foramen magnum is free from any pathology and its shape, in the individual development, is conservative.
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