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Children's Errors in the Perception of Casual Conversation

100%

Bonda D.

Ad verba liberorum

2010

tom 2

nr 1

4-10

Slips of the ear or misperceptions occur when what a listener hears does not correspond to what a speaker has said. Adult misperceptions have provided information about the ways listeners use linguistic knowledge in understanding spoken language.The goal of the investigation is to examine children's slips of the ear, as a source of information about perception when knowledge of language is still developing.This report is based on over 1000 examples of slips of the ear occurring in casual conversation. The majority of slips have been contributed by interested friends, students and colleagues. The collection includes more than 100 perceptual errors for which children have been the listeners.Children's misperceptions resemble adult misperceptions, suggesting that children employ the same strategies and sources of information as adults do. However, children's misperceptions also suggest that they are operating with incomplete linguistic knowledge.

Effects of speech rate, phonetic background and gender on vowel reduction in the speech of nonnative speakers of English

100%

Brzezicha B. , Kul M.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

2014

tom 50

nr 4

397-417

The paper reports the results of a study investigating vowel reduction in the speech of non-native speakers of English. The aim was to unravel the links between reduction and speech rate, phonetic training and gender. We hypothesized that (i) Polish speakers of English reduce vowels; (ii) they speak slower than native speakers; (iii) the higher the rate, the higher the reduction degree; (iv) speakers with phonetic training reduce less than those lacking it; (v) male subjects reduce more than the female ones. In order to realize these aims, an acoustic analysis of vowels was performed on 2 hrs 42 mins of speech produced by 12 Polish speakers of English. The subjects were di-vided into an experimental group consisting of 6 students of English and a control group with 6 speakers who had no phonetic training. The obtained results positively verify that non-native speakers reduce vowels and cast some doubts on whether they speak slower than native speakers. The role of rate and gender could not be established due to statistical and methodological issues. The group with no phonetic training outperformed the group which underwent phonetic training, pointing instead to the role of exposure and perhaps music training in acquiring native-like reduction patterns.

Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian

100%

Baroni A.

Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting

2014

tom 1

nr 1

Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.