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O protestanckiej „miłości bliźniego”, czyli toruńska Ordinanz des Vorsteher-Amst wegen der Haltungen vor die Armut z 1665 roku

100%

Drzewiecki B. , Pękacka-Falkowska K.

Zapiski Historyczne

2012

tom 77

nr 3

51-66

The article concerns the legal grounds for the activity of five (not including the lazaret) hospitals in Toruń in the mid-17th century. The rules of 1665 how to manage this type of institution, preserved in the form of copies from the beginning of the 18th century, constitute the source base of the article and the edited appendix to it. The document is an amendment to the rules of 1570, which was necessary due to the war and the change in the economic situation in the city. It discusses the hierarchical system of hospital management such as the authority of provisors (Provisores), the hospital supervisors (Vorstehern), their director (Director des Vorsteher Amts) and lower rank personnel, as well as the manner of managing the property of the institution which included e.g. proceeds from confiscations, the lease of the hospital’s estates, fines, money collections, special rents and charges for the stay in hospital. The authors also addressed a very important category of proceeds such as foundations, bequests and legacies, which referred to the ideology of Christian mercy. The authors also touched upon the question of the rules of the execution of back rents from eases, which must have been a significant problem for hospital supervisors (Vorstehern) in the face of the social-economic situation in the second half of the 17th century. Thus, the problem was thoroughly discussed in the article. The conclusions from the analysis of the rules confirm Weber’s thesis about the beginnings of the spirit of capitalism. Hospitals in Protestant towns were to work in an economic way. Apart from looking after the sick and the poor, they were to generate profits, or at least to be financially self-sufficient.

Legislative Efforts on Child Protection in Slovakia in the First Half of the 20th Century

72%

Laclavíková M. , Švecová A.

tom 12

nr 1

131-142

W artykule analizie zostaje poddana prawna ochrona dziecka w ustawodawstwie Słowacji w pierwszych latach formowania się publicznego i prywatnego system socjalnego, zapewnianego przez wiele podmiotów. Autorki zwracają uwagę na dawne prawo węgierskie i czechosłowackie, które nadal obowiązywało w okresie wojennym i powojennym (po 1945 r.), kiedy zostały uchwalone pierwsze kodeksy dotyczące opieki nad dziećmi i młodzieżą. Zarówno w środowisku węgierskim, jak i czechosłowackim prace legislacyjne dotyczące dzieci i młodzieży (ochrona socjalna, ochrona zdrowia, ochrona za pomocą środków prawa karnego itp.) zostały w analizowanym okresie wzmożone.

The study is an insight into legal protection of child through primary legislation which was effective in Slovakia in the first years of the formation of the public and private social system, provided by multiple subjects in multiple stages. The authors pay attention to the former Hungarian and latter Czechoslovak legal norms which continued to be effective during the war Slovak Republic and post-war (post-1945) era when the first general codes on child care and youth care were adopted. In both the Hungarian and Czechoslovak environment, the legislative efforts on child care and youth care (social protection, protection of health, protection through the means of criminal law, etc.) were strengthened in this period.