Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Geological built and potential CCS perspectives in Northern Poland

100%

Klusek K.

Environment, Earth and Ecology

|

2021

|

tom 5

|

nr 1

2

The use of land cover data in ecosystem services assessment

100%

Szumacher I. , Pabjanek P.

|

nr 4[51]

3

Biochar: Promoting Crop Yield, Improving Soil Fertility, Mitigating Climate Change and Restoring Polluted Soils

100%

Adeyemi T. O. A. , Idowu O. D.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2017

|

tom 8

27-36

EN

The agricultural and environmental sectors are plagued with challenges. In agriculture, soil infertility and the subsequent quagmire of poor crop yield, has always been a major problem that limits worldwide agricultural productivity. Major environmental concerns, including Climate Change and Soil Pollution, are receiving continual attention from key stakeholders. Efforts are hence being directed at curtailing or mitigating the devastative consequences of these man-made ‘monsters’. Recently, agricultural and environmental research reveals biochar to be a veritable technology that could be used to deal with some of these concerns. Biochar has the ability to have impact upon important soil properties, such as the raising of soil pH and water holding capacity, the attraction of beneficial fungi and microbes, improvement of cation exchange capacity (CEC), induce high carbon sequestration ability and nutrient retention capacity. Moreover, its large surface area makes it a potential remedy to several identified challenges. This review, therefore, critically highlights the importance of biochar, as well as the various ways of harnessing biochar technology towards global food security and environmental sustainability.

4

Carbon pools and storage along a temperate to boreal transect in Northern Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests

100%

Reed D. , Nagel L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2003

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 4

545-552

EN

A significant portion of global terrestrial carbon is stored in forested ecosystems, particularly in systems north of 50 stopni N latitude. Carbon fluxes to and from these systems have the potential to greatly influence global terrestrial C storage, and provide feedback loops in the global carbon cycle. This study examines total ecosystem C storage, and its allocation among ecosystem components, in nine study sites located in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests located from 50 stopni N (southern Poland) to 70 stopni N (northern Finland). Results indicate a remarkable similarity in total ecosystem C, despite great deal of change in total C storage in these systems. The two component C pools that differ the most are the overstory biomass and the organic soil horizons; this raises the concern that these sites could be short-term sources of atmospheric C due to more rapid decomposition in the face of channing climate, but the overstory biomass could be a longer-term, possibly offsetting sink of atmospheric C.

5

Spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sequestration in tropical urban area (case study in Surakarta District, Indonesia)

100%

Danardono D. , Sunariya M. I. T. , Fikriyah V. N. , Cholil M.

Quaestiones Geographicae

|

2021

|

tom 40

|

nr 3

5-20

EN

The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.

6

A holistic approach to the total energy and cost for carbon capture and sequestration

88%

Michaelides E. E.

|

2024

|

tom Vol. 45, no 1

5--16

EN

Carbon capture and sequestration from a stationary source comprises four distinct engineering processes: separation of CO2 from the other flue gases, compression, transportation, and injection into the chosen storage site. An analysis of the thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 shows that dissolving this gas in seawater at depths more than 600 m is, most likely, an optimal long-term storage method; and that for transportation, the CO2 must be in the denser supercritical state at pressures higher than 7.377 MPa. The separation, compression, transportation, and injection processes require significant energy expenditures, which are determined in this paper using realistic equipment efficiencies, for the cases of two currently in operation coal power plants in Texas. The computations show that the total energy requirements for carbon removal and sequestration are substantial, close to one-third of the energy currently generated by the two power plants. The cost analysis shows that two parameters – the unit cost of the pipeline and the discount factor of the corporation – have a very significant effect on the annualized cost of the CCS process. Doubling the unit cost of the pipeline increases the total annualized cost of the entire CCS project by 36% and increasing the discount rate from 5% to 15% increases this annualized cost by 32%.

7

Evaluation of carbon stock in the sediment of two mangrove species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata, growing in the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia

88%

Eid E. M. , Khedher K. M. , Ayed H. , Arshad M. , Moatamed A. , Mouldi A.

Oceanologia

|

2020

|

tom No. 62 (2)

200--213

EN

The aim of this study was to conduct the first comprehensive evaluation of carbon stock in the sediments of Avicennia marina (black mangrove) and Rhizophora mucronata (red mangrove) along the coastline of an arid region (Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia). Such information is necessary for the development of any management plan for the mangrove ecosystems along the Saudi Red Sea islands and provide a rationale for the restoration of mangrove forests in Saudi Arabia. A. marina and R. mucronata locations showed significant (P < 0.001) differences in sediment bulk density (SBD) and sediment organic carbon (SOC) concentration with higher mean values for both in the sediments of A. marina. Considering the whole depth of sediment sampled (0-50 cm), the highest value of SOC stock (12.3 kg C m−2) was recorded at A. marina locations and the lowest (10.8 kg C m−2) at R. mucronata locations. Thus, the SOC stock of A. marina was greater than that of R. mucronata by 114.3%. Consequently, considering the rate of carbon sequestration and the area of mangrove forests (216.4 ha), the total carbon sequestration potential of mangroves in the Farasan Islands ranged between 10.3 Mg C yr−1 and 11.8 Mg C yr−1 for R. mucronata and A. marina locations, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to protect and restore these ecosystems for the sequestration of carbon and for their other valuable ecosystem services.

8

Role of phytolith occluded carbon of cereales plants for climate change mitigation

75%

Rutkowska B. , Schröder P. , Mench M. , Rineau F. , Szulc W. , Szulc W. , Pobereżny J. , Tiideberg K. , Niedziński T. , Loit E.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2024

|

tom no. 60

50--58

EN

Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is highly stable, and constitutes an important source of long-term C storage in agrosystems. This stored carbon is resistant to the processes of oxidation of carbon compounds. In our research phytolith content in barley (Estonia) and oat (Poland) grain and straw was assessed at field trials, with Si as a liquid immune stimulant OPTYSIL and compost fertilisation. We showed that cereals can produce relatively high amounts of phytoliths. PhytOC plays a key role in carbon sequestration, particularly for poor, sandy Polish and Estonian soils. The phytolith content was always higher in straw than in grain regardless of the type of cereals. The phytolith content in oat grains varied from 18.46 to 21.28 mg∙g-1 DM, and in straw 27.89-38.97 mg∙g-1 DM. The phytolith content in barley grain ranged from 17.24 to 19.86 mg∙g-1 DM, and in straw from 22.06 to 49.08 mg∙g-1 DM. Our results suggest that oat ecosystems can absorb from 14.94 to 41.73 kg e-CO2∙ha-1 and barley absorb from 0.32 to 1.60 kg e-CO2∙ha-1. The accumulation rate of PhytOC can be increased 3-fold in Polish conditions through foliar application of silicon, and 5-fold in Estonian conditions. In parallel, the compost fertilisation increased the phytolith content in cereals.

9

Gully erosion control and carbon sequestration through filter dams in three different land uses

75%

Andrade-Limas E. , Espinosa-Ramírez M. , Ruiz-Sinoga J. D. , Romero-Díaz A.

|

tom Vol. 17

87-89

EN

The object of this study was to compare and quantify carbon sequestration and erosion control in two type soil and three land uses. Direct measurements of sediment retained in dams with mesh and branches have been taken. In conclusion it may indicate that these dams are an efficient filter control on gully erosion, which is higher in cropland. The capture of organic carbon was higher in natural vegetation due to higher content of organic matter in soil.

10

Modelling and analyzing timber production and carbon sequestration values of forest ecosystems: a case study

75%

Keles S. , Baskent E. Z.

|

2007

|

tom 16

|

nr 3

473-479

EN

The integration of carbon captured by forest ecosystems into forest management planning models has become increasingly more important, particularly in the areas of climate change, land use, and sustainable forest management. The main objective of this work is to develop a multiple-use forest management planning model that focuses on the interactions of net carbon sequestration and timber production opportunities in a forest ecosystem including forest openings. The linear programming model is used to develop various forest management scenarios for a forest that yields timber and carbon objectives. The results of forest management planning scenarios showed that increased net carbon sequestration can be attained at a significant cost in terms of forgone timber harvest and financial returns. Results also showed that reforestation of forest openings and long-term protection of forest ecosystems provides high biomass and carbon storage over the planning horizon.

11

Evaluation of the carbon sequestration capacity of arid mangroves along nutrient availability and salinity gradients along the Red Sea coastline of Saudi Arabia

75%

Shaltout K. H. , Ahmed M. T. , Alrumman S. A. , Ahmed D. A. , Eid E. M.

Oceanologia

|

2020

|

tom No. 62 (1)

56--69

EN

In the present work, we assessed the carbon sequestration capacity of mangrove forests (Avicennia marina) in relation to nutrient availability and salinity gradients along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through estimating the sediment bulk density (SBD), sediment organic carbon (SOC) concentration, SOC density, SOC pool, carbon sequestration rate (CSR) and carbon sequestration potential (CSP). The present study was conducted at 3 locations (northern, middle and southern), using 7 sites and 21 stands of mangrove forests (A. marina) along ∼1134 km of the Red Sea coastline of Saudi Arabia (from Duba in the north to Jazan in the south), all of which are in an arid climate. The correlation coefficients between the water characteristics and the first two Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) axes indicated that the separation of the sediment parameters along the first axis were positively influenced by TDS (total dissolved solids) and EC (electric conductivity) and were negatively influenced by total N and total P. On the other hand, the second axis was negatively correlated with total N, total P, EC and TDS. The SOC pools at the northern (10.5 kg C m−2) and southern locations (10.4 kg C m−2) were significantly higher than the SOC pool at the middle location (6.7 kg C m−2). In addition, the average CSR of the northern (5.9 g C m−2 yr−1) and southern locations (6.0 g C m−2 yr−1) were significantly higher than they were in the middle location (5.0 g C m−2 yr−1).

12

Effects of CO2 fumigation and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a wetland ecosystem: experimental approach with top open chambers

75%

Wang J. , Fu X. , Wang J. , Zhong H. , Zhang R. , Ni H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2018

|

tom 66

|

nr 2

EN

Soil respiration plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. Changes in atmospheric CO₂ and nitrogen (N) addition across the globe are likely to affect soil respiration. However, the effects of elevated CO₂, and N addition on soil respiration are not fully understood especially in wetland ecosystems. To evaluate the effects of atmospheric CO₂ and N availability on soil respiration, a paired, nested manipulative in situ experiment was performed, using CO₂ fumigation within Open-Top Chambers as the primary factor, and N (as NH₄NO₃) as the secondary factor in a temperate wetland in northeastern China in 2010 and 2011. CO₂ fumigation significantly enhanced soil respiration, according to repeated-measures ANOVA, and the stimulatory effect of CO₂ fumigation on soil respiration was sustained during the whole experimental period regardless of N addition. However, the positive soil respiration effect of N addition alone weakened over time. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between CO₂ fumigation and N addition. Soil temperature explained 50–66% of the variation in soil respiration. Moreover, soil respiration was positively correlated with the root N content and litter decomposition rate. The results suggested that elevated CO₂ concentrations will accelerate soil respiration and ecosystem carbon cycling, thus, limiting soil carbon sequestration, especially when coupled with increasing N deposition.

13

The use of wood from degraded land for carbon sequestration

75%

Hroncova E. , Ladomersky J. , Adam C.

Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty

|

2013

|

tom 56

|

nr 190

EN

Wood and other biomass have the great potential of decreasing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, or at least mitigating the speed of the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide. This paper presents an analysis of the possible use of degraded land – thermal power plant ash ponds – for the growth of fast-growing trees for fuel wood and the subsequent utilization of this fuel wood by means ofa verified technique – co-combustion with coal, or a proposed technique – pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of wood with the combustion of pyrolysis gases and carbon sequestration would provide approximately 26% more favorable effects on climate change than the co-combustion of wood in a coal-fired boiler.

PL

Zdegradowane tereny stanowią niewykorzystany potencjał, jeżeli idzie o uprawę biomasy do celów energetycznych. Zaliczają się do nich zwłaszcza obszary znajdujące się na obrzeżach terenów przemysłowych, tj. hałdy pozostałe po wydobyciu surowców czy składowiska szlamów. W przypadku gdy tereny te są wystarczająco stabilne, to po biologicznej rekultywacji potencjalnie będą nadawały się pod uprawę roślin energetycznych. Lesiste uprawy o krótkiej rotacji, takie jak wierzba, uprawiane na wspomnianych składowiskach szlamów w pobliżu elektrowni mogą stać się korzystnym źródłem biomasy przeznaczonej do współspalania. Celem badań była analiza możliwego wykorzystanie terenów zdegradowanych, tj. składowisk popiołu z elektrociepłowni, pod uprawy drzew szybkorosnących, których drewno zostanie przeznaczone do produkcji energii elektrycznej. Porównano dwie techniki wykorzystania do celów energetycznych pod względem zmniejszania przez nie ilości CO2. Pierwszą z nich jest sprawdzona technika współspalania z węglem, natomiast proponowana technika to piroliza ze spalaniem gazów i oleju pirolitycznego. Metodologia badań opiera się na bilansie węgla i energii w porównywanych technikach, który ma strategiczne znaczenie dla zarządzania elektrownią. Do obliczenia substytucji węgla z paliw kopalnych przez biowęgiel koniecznej do wytworzenia tej samej ilości energii elektrycznej użyto uproszczonego schematu: 1 kg C drewna = 1 kg C węgla.Z punktu widzenia wytwarzania energii elektrycznej współspalanie drewna w kotle węglowym jest bardziej pożądane niż piroliza ze spalaniem gazów i oleju pirolitycznego. Z kolei piroliza (rozwijająca się technika) drewna ze spalaniem gazów z pirolizy oraz sekwestracją węgla przyniosłaby przynajmniej o 26% lepsze efekty, jeżeli idzie o zmiany klimatyczne niż współspalanie drewna w kotle opalanym węglem.

14

Sequestration of organic carbon influenced by the application of straw residue and farmyard manure in two different soils

75%

Mahmoodabadi M. , Heydarpour E.

International Agrophysics

|

2014

|

tom 28

|

nr 2

EN

Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

15

Using Allometric Equations to Estimate Mangrove Biomass and Carbon Stock in Demta Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia

75%

Indrayani E. , Kalor J. D. , Warpur M. , Hamuna B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 5

263--271

EN

The mangrove ecological services as carbon sinks and storage are very useful in the efforts to mitigate global warming and climate change. In this study, the above and below-ground biomass, carbon stock, as well as carbon sequestration by the mangroves in Demta Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia were estimated. Allometric equations were used to determine the mangrove biomass in 36 observation plots. The biomass value was used to determine carbon stock and estimate carbon sequestration. Nine mangrove species were found in Demta Bay, with the contribution of mangrove species to biomass (AGB and BGB) in the following order: Rhizophora apiculata > Rhizophora mucronata > Bruguiera gymnorhiza > Bruguiera cylindrica > Heritiera Littoralis > Xylocarpus molucensis > Rhizophora stylosa > Avicennia marina > Sonneratia caseolaris. The average mangrove biomass was estimated at 174.20 ± 68.14 t/ha (AGB = 117.62 ± 45.68 t/ha and BGB = 56.58 ± 22.49 t/ha). The carbon stocks in mangroves at the Ambora site were higher than the Tarfia and Yougapsa sites, averaging 123.57 ± 30.49 t C/ha, 81.64 ± 25.29 t C/ha, and 56.09 ± 39.03 t C/ha, respectively. The average carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem of Demta Bay is estimated at 87.10 ± 34.07 t C/ha or equivalent to 319.37 ± 124.92 t CO2 e/ha. The results of this study indicate that the mangrove ecosystem in Demta Bay stores quite high carbon stocks, so it is necessary to maintain it with sustainable management. Therefore, climate change mitigation is not only done by reducing the carbon emission levels but also needs to be balanced by maintaining the mangrove ecosystem services as carbon sinks and sequestration.

16

Rodzaje metod sekwestracji CO2

75%

Lubańska Z. , Grudniewski T. , Chodyka M. , Nitychoruk J.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

|

2016

|

tom z. 63, nr 3

239--246

PL

Z pojęciem ochrony środowiska wiąże się bardzo szeroko w ostatnim czasie omawiane zagadnienie dotyczące ograniczenia emisji CO2. Konsekwencją globalnych zmian klimatu wywołanego przez ludzi jest wzrost stężenia atmosferycznego gazów cieplarnianych, które powodują nasilający się efekt cieplarniany. Wzrasta na świecie liczba ludności, a co za tym idzie wzrasta konsumpcja na jednego mieszkańca, szczególnie w krajach szeroko rozwiniętych gospodarczo. Protokół z Kioto ściśle określa działania jakie należy podjąć w celu zmniejszenia stężenia dwutlenku węgla w atmosferze. Pomimo maksymalnej optymalizacji procesu spalania paliw kopalnianych wykorzystywanych do produkcji energii, zastosowania odnawialnych źródeł energii zmiana klimatu jest nieunikniona i konsekwentnie będzie postępować przez kolejne dekady. Prognozuje się, że duże znaczenie odegra nowoczesna technologia, która ma za zadanie wychwycenie CO2 a następnie składowanie go w odpowiednio wybranych formacjach geologicznych (CCS- Carbon Capture and Storage). Eksperci są zgodni, że ta technologia w niedalekiej przyszłości stanie się rozwiązaniem pozwalającym ograniczyć ogromną ilość emisji CO2 pochodzącą z procesów wytwarzania energii z paliw kopalnych. Z analiz Raportu IPCC wynika, iż technologia CSS może się przyczynić do ok. 20% redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla przewidzianej do 2050 roku [3]. Zastosowanie jej napotyka na wiele barier, nie tylko technologicznych i ekonomicznych, ale także społecznych. Inną metodą dającą ujemne źródło emisji CO2 jest możliwość wykorzystania obszarów leśnych o odpowiedniej strukturze drzewostanu. Środkiem do tego celu, oprócz ograniczenia zużycia emisjogennych paliw kopalnych (przy zachowaniu zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju) może być intensyfikacja zalesień. Zwiększanie lesistości i prawidłowa gospodarka leśna należy do najbardziej efektywnych sposobów kompensowania antropogenicznej emisji CO2. W pracy omówiono najważniejsze metody sekwestracji CO2 i przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę.

EN

The concept of environmental protection involves very widely discussed issue concerning the reduction of CO2 emissions. The consequence of global climate change caused by humans is an increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases which cause the intensifying greenhouse effect. The world population is increasing , and hence the consumption per capita i salso increasing, especially in economically developed countries. The Kyoto Protocol sets out strict measures to be taken to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Despite maximum optimization of combustion of fossil fuels used for energy production, the use of renewable energy, the climate change is inevitable and consequently will proceed over the next decades. It is predicted that the modern technology which aims to capture CO2 and store it in wellselected geological formations (CCS- Carbon Capture and Storage) will play an important role. Experts agree that in the near future this technology will become a solution to reduce the enormous amount of CO2 emissions coming from energy production from fossil fuels. The analyses of the IPCC report show that the CSS technology can contribute to approximately 20% reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide by 2050 [3]. Its application faces obstacles, not only technological and economic, but also social. Another method of giving a negative source of CO2 emissions is the ability to use forest areas with suitable structure stand. The means to reach the aim, in addition to limited consumption of emission-generating fossil fuels (while maintaining the principles of sustainable development) may be the intensification of afforestation. Increasing afforestation and proper management of forests is one of the most effective ways to compensate of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The paper discusses the main methods of CO2 sequestration and presents a short overview.

17

Assessment of the importance of forests in reducing global climatic change [counteracting and mitigating the impacts of greenhouse gases]

75%

Rykowski K.

|

1999

|

tom 72

|

nr 2

18

Estimates and forecasts of forest biomass and carbon sequestration in North America and Australia: a forty-five year quest

63%

Botkin D. B. , Ngugi M. R. , Doley D.

|

2014

|

tom 57

|

nr 192

EN

A half-century of forest inventory research involving statistically-valid fieldmeasurements (using statistically representative sample size and showing confidence limits) and well-validated forecasting methods are reviewed in this paper. Some current procedures overestimate global and large-scale forest biomass, carbonstorage, and carbon sequestering rates because they are based on statistically-invalid methods (errors in estimates are unavailable and unreported), or they fail to consider key dynamic characteristics of forests. It is sometimes assumed that old-growth forests can serve as fixed, steady-state storage of biomass and carbon for indefinitely long periods, but it is shown by both modelling and remote sensing that forests are dynamic systems, the state of which can change considerably over as shorta time as a decade. Forecasting methods show that maximum biomass and carbon storage in some important forest types occurs in mid-succession, not in old-growth. It is proposed, therefore, that realistic biomass and carbon storage estimates used for carbon credits and offsets be determined as the statistical mean minus the confidence interval and that practical carbon sequestering programs include specific timeframes, not indefinitely long periods of time.

19

Wpływ CO2 na zmiany porowatości i parametry mechaniczne kamienia cementowego

63%

Kut Ł.

Nafta-Gaz

|

2013

|

tom R. 69, nr 7

532--545

PL

Na najbliższe lata planuje się w naszym kraju wiercenia otworów przeznaczonych do sekwestracji dwutlenku węgla. Do cementowania tych otworów powinny być użyte zaczyny uszczelniające, które wykazują podwyższoną odporność na działanie CO2 oraz odpowiednio niską porowatość. Ograniczenie oddziaływania CO2 na kamień cementowy oraz zmniejszenie jego porowatości można uzyskać poprzez wprowadzenie do zaczynu cementowego dodatków puzzolanowych (np. pył elektrowniany) oraz materiałów zawierających duże ilości SiO2 (np. mączka krzemionkowa). Obniżenie porowatości jest możliwe dzięki zastosowaniu specjalnych dodatków i domieszek o różnej wielkości uziarnienia. Badania prowadzono dla zaczynów cementowych i cementowo-lateksowych. Kamień cementowy powstały po utwardzeniu zaczynów przechowywany był w środowisku wodnym nasyconym CO2. Po określonym czasie badano parametry mechaniczne kamieni cementowych oraz ich porowatości. Po wykonaniu badań wytypowano receptury zaczynów cechujących się podwyższoną odpornością na działanie CO2 oraz stosunkowo niską porowatością.

EN

In the coming years in our country there are plans for drilling wells for carbon sequestration. For cementing these wells sealing slurries, which exhibit improved resistance to the action of CO2 and low porosity, respectively should be used. Reducing the impact of CO2 on cement stone and decreasing its porosity can be achieved by the introduction of grout pozzolans additives such as power plant dust and materials containing large amounts of powdered silica SiO2 while porosity reduction can be achieved through the use of ingredients with different grain sizes. The research was conducted for cement slurries and cement slurries with latex additves. Cement stone obtained after curing was stored in a saturated aqueous CO2. After a set period of time mechanical properties of cement stone and its porosity were studied. Once the research was over slurry recipes characterizing increased resistance to CO2 and relatively low porosity were chosen.

20

Świadczenia ekosystemów mokradłowych, czyli rzecz o niemających alternatywy, opartych na naturze metodach gospodarowania wodą

63%

Strzęciwilk K. , Stachowicz M. , Grygoruk M.

|

tom Nr 1

16--21

PL

Usługi ekosystemowe (świadczenia ekosystemów) są dobrami naturalnymi wytwarzanymi przez środowisko, funkcjami i procesami środowiska oraz wszelkimi korzyściami pochodzącymi ze środowiska, które są wykorzystywane przez ludzi i przyczyniają się do dobrobytu gospodarczego, społecznego i kulturowego. Ekosystemy wodne i mokradłowe dostarczają społeczeństwu szeregu mierzalnych korzyści, które w wyniku niewłaściwej gospodarki wodnej ulegają utraceniu. W artykule podjęto próbę syntetycznej oceny świadczeń ekosystemów mokradłowych, których dostarczanie i wartości są determinowane możliwością wdrożenia nowoczesnej, mniej inwazyjnej gospodarki wodnej. Określono, że najważniejsze świadczenia ekosystemów bagiennych - retencjonowanie wody, sekwestracja węgla w glebach torfowych oraz usuwanie przez bagienne strefy buforowe zanieczyszczeń (azotu całkowitego i fosforu całkowitego) - są możliwe wyłącznie w warunkach utrzymania odpowiednio wysokiego ich uwilgotnienia. Oceniono, że średnia łączna wartość tych czterech usług ekosystemowych mokradeł wynosi 3 141,12 EUR x ha-1 x rok-1 i jako taka powinna być stosowana w algorytmach optymalizacji zysków i strat płynących z użytkowania terenów bagiennych.

EN

Ecosystem services are natural assets produced by the environment, environmental functions and processes as well as all benefits originating from the environment and used by people, contributing to their economic, social and cultural well-being. Water and wetland ecosystems provide a number of measurable benefits which, due to improper water management, are lost. The article constitutes an attempt at synthetic analysis of wetland ecosystem services, the provision and value of which are determined by the possibility to implement modern, less invasive water management. The authors conclude that the most important services of wetland ecosystems - water retention, carbon sequestration in peat soils and elimination of pollution by peat bog buffer zones (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) - are possible only in conditions maintaining their high level of moisture. The article indicates that the average value of these four ecosystem services amounts to EUR 3,141.12 x ha-1 x year-1 and as such it should be used in algorithms for optimisation of profits and losses originating from the use of peat land.