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Advances in the application of biosynthesized carbon dots as fluorescent probes for bioimaging

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Li X. , He J.

Materials Science Poland

2024

tom Vol. 42, No. 1

62--91

Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as versatile fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging applications due to advantages like tunable emissions, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, and ease of synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in applying biosynthesized CDs for sensitive bioimaging. CDs derived from sustainable biomass sources through green techniques like hydrothermal and microwave synthesis demonstrate bright, excitation-tunable photoluminescence spanning visible to near-infrared spectra. Careful control of synthesis parameters and surface passivation strategies enhance quantum yields above 50% comparable to toxic semiconductor dots. Conjugation with polymers, peptides, and recognition elements like antibodies impart solubility and selectivity towards cancer cells and biomarkers. In vitro validation in standard lines shows targeted organelle imaging abilities. In vivo administration reveals renal clearance pharmacokinetics with preferential tumor accumulation via enhanced permeability effects. Average tumor growth inhibition around 50-80% was achieved in mouse xenografts using CDs-drug formulations through combined therapeutic effects of chemotherapy and photothermal ablation under imaging guidance. However, concerns regarding toxicity from chronic exposures, large-scale reproducible manufacturing, and multimodal imaging capabilities need redressal prior to further clinical translation.

Facile synthesis of preformed mixed nano-carbon structure from low rank coal

100%

Manoj B. , Raj A. M. , Chirayil G. T.

Materials Science Poland

2018

tom Vol. 36, No. 1

14--20

Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nanodiamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors.

A promising approach to wound healing – in-vivo study of carbon nanodots infused PVA hydrogel with Kamias extract as antibacterial wound dressing

100%

Hipolito M. C.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2023

nr 2

305-314

Introduction and aim. The use of carbon nanodots (C-nanodots) synthesized from Kamias leaves for developing antibacterial wound dressings has gained attention due to their potential in promoting wound healing and contraction. To extract Kamias leaves, synthesize C-nanodots through microwave-assisted pyrolysis, characterize the synthesized C-nanodots, and test the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel infused with C-nanodots for antibacterial activity and wound contraction in Sprague Dawley rats. Material and methods. Kamias leaves extract was used to synthesize C-nanodots with varying amounts of monoethanolamine. The C-nanodots were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, electron microscope, and the paper disk method. The PVA hydrogel infused with C-nanodots was tested for antibacterial activity and wound contraction in Sprague Dawley rats. Results. The synthesized C-nanodots exhibited antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Subtilis bacillus, with a zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 23.6 mm at different concentrations. The carbon nanodots-PVA hydrogel patch showed potential wound healing ability, with significant differences in wound contraction compared to the positive and negative controls. Conclusion. C-nanodots synthesized from Kamias extract have potential applications in antibacterial and wound healing fields. However, further studies are required to investigate the mechanism of action and potential side effects of using carbon nanodots in these applications.