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Application of different organic manures in optimizing optimum yield for wheat in calcareous soil

100%

Jamal A. , Fawad M.

tom 20

23-30

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2014-2015 at a farm field located in Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the main aim to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. The treatments were: T1 (control, no manure), T2 (Cattle manure), T3 (Poultry manure) and T4 (Sheep manure). All the organic manures were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. At maturity, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, grain yield and biological yield were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T3 (poultry manure) gave the best results, as compared to other treatments. The values of plant height, biological yield and grain yield were 87 cm, 13.66 t ha-1 and 5.750 t ha-1, respectively, for poultry manure treatment. Results for number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were found non-significant in the prevailing soil condition.

Presoaking treatment of propolis aqueous extract alleviates salinity stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown under calcareous saline soil conditions

38%

El-Yazal M. A. S.

tom 76

Two pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of propolis extract at the rates 0, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000 mg/L solution used as seed soaking to spinach seedlings on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under calcareous saline soil conditions. The obtained results indicated that increasing the rates of propolis extract as seed soaking application increased the growth parameters of the treated plants. The best result was obtained by the middle rate (7000 mg/L) as seed soaking in both seasons of the study. The same trend was also observed regarding all studied chemical constituents, i.e. chlorophyll a, b and total caroteniods concentration, anthocyanine, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, free proline, crude protein, total indoles, total phenols, N, P and K in leaves. Moreover, soaking seeds in propolis extract before planting improved the metabolic activity of seeds through the increase in seed values in total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, total indoles and total phenols as well as the lowest values of total carbohydrate. Thus, the coincident application of propolis extract at (7000 mg/L) as a seed soaking ingredient is recommended for improving growth, yield and chemical composition of spinach plants and for overcoming the adverse effect of saline conditions.