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Studies on Gypsophila fastigiata parameters verifying its suitability to reclamation of post-flotation Zn-Pb wastes

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Muszyńska E. , Hanus-Fajerska E. , Ciarkowska K.

2015

tom Vol. 41, no. 1

17--24

An excessive amount of heavy metals negatively affects the environment, causing degradation of large areas throughout the world. Therefore, the effective and inexpensive techniques focused on either removal of those substances or their long-term stabilization in situ need to be improved. We currently propose to use a calamine ecotype of Gypsophila fastigiata (Caryophyllaceae) for biological reclamation of wastes accumulated after Zn-Pb ores enrichment. Plants were cultivated in (1) untreated waste material (control), (2) wastes enriched with mineral fertilizers, and (3) wastes enriched with sewage sludge. Photosynthetic pigments content and electrolyte leakage outside plasma membrane were tested periodically in representative samples. In untreated waste material growth gradually deteriorated during the season. The content of chlorophyll a in leaves taken from control plants decreased more than threefold from 0.51 mg/g f.m. at the beginning to 0.14 mg/g f.m. at the end of the growing season, whereas in treatment with sewage sludge the reduced seasonal variations in photosynthetic pigments content was ascertained (0.78 mg/g f.m. for chl a and 0.20 mg/g f.m. for chl b , both in the spring and autumn) what positively influenced the plant growth. The results indicate that tested G. fastigiata genotype might be used in an assisted revegetation project.

Microevolutionary changes in ecotypes of calamine waste heap vegetation near Olkusz, Poland: a review

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Wierzbicka M. , Rostanski A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

2002

tom 44

This paper reviews several studies dealing with the specific traits of plants growing on calamine waste heaps in the vicinity of Olkusz. The waste heaps here contain very high amounts of zinc, lead and cadmium. Particular traits distinguishing the calamine forms of the species Silene vulgaris, Dianthus carthusianorum and Biscutella laevigata make calamine plants potentially very useful for recultivating land polluted by heavy metals in Poland. Utilization of natural biological processes would seem to be the best approach to the problem of recultivation. Despite this, methods using local plant resources to reclaim areas polluted by high concentrations of heavy metals are still rarely used. The natural vegetation of areas characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals may be a valuable source of genetic material (ecotypes) ideally adapted for growth under the harsh and pioneering conditions of calamine waste heaps.