Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Pro-inflammatory properties of cadmium

100%

Olszowski T. , Baranowska-Bosiacka I. , Gutowska I. , Chlubek D.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2012

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tom 59

|

nr 4

475-482

EN

Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal that nowadays constitutes a serious environmental health problem. The aim of this study is to review the effects of cadmium on selected inflammatory mediators and markers, such as NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β cytokines, IL-8 or MIP-2 chemokine, MPO, iNOS, MMPs and COX-2 enzymes, PGE2 (product of COX-2 enzyme), ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 adhesion molecules, and CRP. The research strategy identified articles available in Medline, published between 1998 and 2012; we included both in vivo and in vitro studies carried out on humans and rodents. Most of the reviewed research findings suggest that cadmium in micromolar concentrations (especially in the 1-10 μM range) causes up-regulation of the mediators and markers of inflammation, and appears to have pro-inflammatory properties. However, it is worth mentioning that a contradictory or even opposite hypothesis exists, which suggests cadmium to be an anti-inflammatory factor. Further research including detailed histological analyses should solve this discrepancy. Nevertheless, it appears that the main reason for these contradictory findings is the experimental setup: different biological systems analyzed and different doses of cadmium applied.

2

Effect of anthocyanins on selected biochemical parameters in rats exposed to cadmium.

80%

Kowalczyk E. , Kopff A. , Fijałkowski P. , Kopff M. , Niedworok J. , Błaszczyk J. , Kędziora J. , Tyślerowicz P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2003

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

543-548

EN

Cadmium is a dangerous occupational and environmental toxin. It accumulates in the human organism mainly in liver and kidneys. Cadmium half-life is about 10 years, so the symptoms of cadmium intoxication may occur several years after the exposure. Until now in treating intoxication with this metal chelating compounds have been used, burdened with numerous undesirable symptoms. In our investigations anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa were used to reduce the harmful results caused by cadmium. Administering anthocyanins with cadmium chloride resulted in a statistically significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, concentration of bilirubin and urea in blood serum and decreased cadmium cumulation in liver and kidneys in relation to animals receiving cadmium chloride only.

3

ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM IONS ON CHITOSAN MEMBRANES: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES

80%

Zielińska K. , Chostenko A. G. , Truszkowski S.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2010

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tom 15

73 - 78

EN

The presence of toxic heavy metals in industrial wastewater is a serious pollution problem. The ability of chitosan membranes as an adsorbent for cadmium ions in aqueous solution was studied. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time and concentration of cadmium ions. This study has shown that chitosan is capable of removing cadmium from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency depends on reaction time and concentration of cadmium. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the isotherms and isotherm constants. Equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir isotherm equation was 94 mg/g and the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant was 1.6 × 10-3 dm3/mg at 25 °C.

4

Selective flotation of zinc (II) and cadmium (II) ions from dilute aqueous solutions in the presences of halides

80%

Ulewicz M. , Walkowiak W. , Kozłowski C.

|

2001

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tom Vol. 35

21-29

EN

An experimental investigation is presented of the batch ion flotation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions from dilute aqueous solutions with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa) as an anionic surfactant and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl) as a cationic surfactant. The effect of halides, i.e. fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides, on the selectivity of cadmium(II) over zinc(II) is established. Separation of Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions by DBSNa is not occurred. The separation of Cd(II)/Zn(II) by CPCl in presence of halides at concentration range of 0.001 M to 1.0 M increases in sequence: F- < Cl- < Br- < I-.

PL

Zbadano wydzielanie oraz selektywne rozdzielanie jonów cynku i kadmu w postaci Zn2+ i Cd2+ oraz jako aniony kompleksowe z wybranymi ligandami nieorganicznymi z roztworów wodnych zawierających zarówno pojedyncze metale jak i z roztworów zawierających równomolową mieszaninę obu metali przy użyciu kolektora kationowego - chlorku cetylopirydyniowego (CPCl) oraz kolektora anionowego - dodecylobenzenosulfonianu sodu (DBSNa). Ponieważ cynk i kadm tworzą kationowe formy kompleksowe o podobnych wartościach stałych trwałości rozdzielenie jonów Zn(II) i Cd(II) przy użyciu kolektora anionowego nie jest możliwe. Separacja jonów kadmu(II) od cynku(II) jest natomiast możliwa przy zastosowaniu kolektora kationowego, tj. chlorku cetylopirydyniowego. Separacja badanych jonów metali przy użyciu CPCl w obecności halogenków o stężeniu 0,5 i 1,0 M wzrasta w szeregu: F- < Cl- << Br- < I- . Współczynniki selektywności Cd(II)/Zn(II) dla stężenia ligandów równego 0,5 M wynoszą odpowiednio: 7,3; 59,2; 82,0 i dla stężenia 1,0 M odpowiednio: 6,0; 67,0; 85,0. Tak więc, niezależnie od stężenia halogenków, najlepsze rozdzielenie jonów Cd(II) od Zn(II) uzyskano w obecności jonów jodkowych i bromkowych w roztworze wodnym.

5

The influence of cadmium exposure on excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine

80%

Prokopowicz A. , Ochota P. , Szuła M. , Kurek J. , Sobczak A.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

|

2012

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tom 15

|

nr 4

17-23

EN

Background: Osteoporosis is a growing health concern across the world. Some epidemiological data suggest that cadmium increases risk for development of osteoporosis and lead to higher rate of fracture incidents even on low environmental exposure level. Material and methods: Cadmium in urine and bone resorption markers – total fraction of the urinary pyridynoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (DPyr) – were determined in 36 patients, who were examined for toxic effects of cadmium exposure. Additionally calcium in urine was determined. Associations between cadmium exposure and factors related to bone metabolism were estimated and Pyr and DPyr excretion were compared in three groups categorized across cadmium concentrations. Results: In the investigated group there were significant positive correlations between cadmium levels in urine and Pyr and DPyr excretion. None of the other variables correlated significantly with examined bone resorption markers excluding calcium excretion in urine. Excretion of Pyr and DPyr differed significantly between group with the lowest cadmium concentration (<1.2 μg/g creatinine) and group with the highest cadmium concentration (>1.9 μg/g creatinine), where median values of Pyr and DPyr increased by 49.8% and 37.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that cadmium increases bone resorption processes and induce osteotoxic effects in environmental exposure level.

PL

Wstęp: Osteoporoza jest rosnącym problemem na świecie. Niektóre badania epidemiologiczne sugerują, że kadm zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju tej choroby i prowadzi do zwiększenia ryzyka złamań kości nawet przy niskim narażeniu środowiskowym. Materiał i metody: Kadm w moczu oraz biomarkery resorpcji kostnej – całkowite frakcje pirydynoliny (Pyr) i dezoksypirydynoliny (DPyr) w moczu – były oznaczane u 36 pacjentów badanych pod kątem toksycznego działania kadmu. Dodatkowo oznaczano zawartość wapnia w moczu. Oszacowano zależności pomiędzy narażeniem na kadm a czynnikami powiązanymi z metabolizmem kości oraz porównano stężenia Pyr oraz DPyr pomiędzy grupami skategoryzowanymi względem stężenia kadmu w moczu. Wyniki: W badanej grupie wykazano statystycznie istotną pozytywną korelację pomiędzy poziomem kadmu w moczu, a ilością wydalanej Pyr i DPyr z moczem. Żadna z innych badanych zmiennych nie korelowała znacząco z markerami resorpcji kości oprócz wydalania wapnia z moczem. Zróżnicowanie wydalania Pyr i DPyr było statystycznie istotne pomiędzy grupami o najniższym (<1.2 μg/g kreatyniny) i najwyższym stężeniu kadmu w moczu (>1.9 μg/g kreatyniny), w której mediany wartości stężeń Pyr i DPyr wzrosły odpowiednio o 49,8% i 37,5%. Wnioski: Wyniki badań sugerują, że kadm wzmaga procesy resorpcji kości i działa osteotoksycznie również w narażeniu środowiskowym.

6

The toxic Doppelganger: on the ionic and molecular mimicry of cadmium

80%

Chmielowska-Bąk J. , Izbiańska K. , Deckert J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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tom 60

|

nr 3

369-374

EN

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which can cause numerous alterations in cell functioning. Exposure to cadmium leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, disorders in membrane structure and functioning, inhibition of respiration, disturbances in ion homeostasis, perturbations in cell division, and initiation of apoptosis and necrosis. This heavy metal is considered a carcinogen by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. At least some of the described toxic effects could result from the ability of cadmium to mimic other divalent ions and alert signal transduction networks. This review describes the role of cadmium mimicry in its uptake, reactive oxygen species generation, alterations in calmodulin, Wnt/β-catenin and estrogen signaling pathways, and modulation of neurotransmission. The last section is dedicated to the single known case of a favorable function performed by cadmium mimicry: marine diatoms, which live in zinc deficient conditions, utilize cadmium as a cofactor in carbonic anhydrase - so far the only described cadmium enzyme.

7

Effect of cadmium on collagen content and solubility in rat bone.

80%

Galicka A. , Brzóska M. M. , Średzińska K. , Gindzienski A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2004

|

tom 51

|

nr 3

825-829

EN

The toxic action of cadmium in the bone tissue is known, but its mechanisms are still unexplained. We examined whether Cd influences collagen content and its solubility in the femoral bone of three-week-old female rats exposed to 5 or 50 mg Cd/l in drinking water. Non-cross linked collagen was extracted with 0.5 M acetic acid, and two acid-insoluble collagen fractions were extracted with pepsin and 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, respectively. SDS/PAGE showed the presence of two collagen types, I and V, in all three extracted fractions. Exposure of rats to Cd for 6 months increased the amount of acid-soluble collagens type I and V and decreased the level of acid-insoluble collagens. The amount of total collagen extracted from the bones of rats exposed to 50 mg Cd/l was reduced by about 14% as compared to control and those intoxicated with 5 mg Cd/l. The solubility of type I bone collagen (determined as the percentage of acetic-soluble fraction of total collagen) was increased 2.9- and 3.0-fold in rats intoxicated with 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively. Similarly, the solubility of type V collagen was increased 2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that Cd treatment affects bone collagen by decreasing its content and increasing its solubility.

8

Overexpression of genes involved in phytochelatin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: effects on growth, cadmium accumulation and thiol level.

80%

Wawrzyńska A. , Wawrzyński A. , Gaganidze D. , Kopera E. , Piątek K. , Bal W. , Sirko A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2005

|

tom 52

|

nr 1

109-116

EN

In Escherichia coli, heterologous production of Schizosaccharomyces pombe phytochelatin synthase (PCS) along with overproduction of E. coli serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (γECS) was achieved and resulted in the accumulation of phytochelatins in bacterial cells. Overproduction of either γECS alone or simultaneous production of all three proteins in bacterial cells were accompanied by reduced growth rate in liquid cultures. Interestingly, bacteria overproducing either γECS or both SAT and γECS (with elevated level of γ-glutamylcysteine but not of phytochelatins) were able to accumulate more cadmium per dry weight than the control. However, the most efficient cadmium accumulation was observed in bacteria with elevated levels of all three proteins: SAT, γECS and PCS. Therefore, "pushing" the entire pathway might be the most promising approach in modification of bacteria for potential bioremediation purposes because the level of intermediates, cysteine and glutathione, can limit the rate of production of phytochelatins. However, in such bacteria other metabolic process might become limiting for efficient growth.

9

The Elimination of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Environment by Supported Liquid Membrane Method Using the Basic Carrier

80%

Ashraf M. W. , Bukhari A.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 83, nr 1

19-30

EN

The transport of cadmium ions through a supported liquid membrane containing triethanolamine (TEA) as a mobile carrier has been studied. The effects of Cd(II) concentration, HCl in feed and car rier con cen tra tion in mem brane have been stud ied. Cd(II) con - cen tra tion in crease in feed leads to an increase influx from 2.1´10-7 to 8.4´10-7 mol cm-2 sec-1 within Cd(II) ions concentration range (2.7´10-4 M - 16.3´10-4 M) at 2.0 M HCl in the feed and 3.0 M triethanolamine in the membrane. Increase in H+ ion concentration from 0.5 M to 3.0 M results in an increase in Cd(II) ions flux but a decrease is observed beyond 2.0 M HCl concentration in feed. Increase in carrier concentration in the liquid inside the membrane enhances the flux with its maxima at 3.0 M carrier. Further increase in the concentration of TEA leads to a decrease in transport due to increase in viscosity of membrane liquid. The optimum conditions for Cd(II) ions transport are, 2.0 M HCl in feed, 3.0 M TEA in membrane and 0.1 M NaOH as strip solution. Similar transport characteristics have been observed for Cd-EDTA complexed anions across TEA- cyclo - hexanone based SLM, thus indicating a cadmium anion transport coupled with protons and chloride or EDTA co-ions.

10

Influence of cadmium and lead partitioning in water and sediment on their deposition in the sediment of a eutrophic dam reservoir

70%

Szarek-Gwiazda E. , Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G.

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 35, No.2

141-157

EN

This study was conducted in the submontane and eutrophic Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland). Cadmium and lead concentrations in the water and sediment were relatively low. The partitioning coefficient (Kd) indicated that dissolved Cd and Pb dominated in the water column at depths of 1 and 15 m, and that they were present in the particulate phase in near-bottom water. The relation of dissolved Cd and Pb with physical and chemical parameters of the water is discussed. Binding forms of Cd and Pb in the sediment showed that Cd was potentially a more “mobile’ element than Pb; therefore, Cd had probably accumulated in the sediment in considerably lower amounts than Pb (K=8400 and K=33000, respectively).

11

Influence of cadmium and copper on tissue element levels of pregnant rats

70%

Turgut S. , Enli Y. , Emmungil G. , Turgut G. , Demir S. , Kaptanoglu B. , Genç O.

Open Medicine

|

2007

|

tom 2

|

nr 4

447-457

EN

In the current study, we examined the effects of Cd on Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe levels in placenta and maternal and fetal plasma and tissues, the placental weight, total fetal and maternal body weights, and fetal and maternal tissue weights during pregnancy. A total of 21 adult female rats were treated during gestation with drinking water containing one of the following: 70 mg/L of CdCl2, a combination of 70 mg/L of CdCl2 and 70 mg/L of CuSO4, or no addition (control). Placenta Cu and Fe levels, fetal liver and kidney Cu levels, and fetal liver tissue weights were lower in the group administered Cd than in the control group. Also, Cd levels in the placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal kidney were higher in the group treated with Cd than in controls. In the group administered both Cd and Cu, fetal body and tissue weights did not change, but Cd levels in the placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal kidneys were higher than in controls. Zn and Fe levels in the maternal kidney and fetal liver were also lower in this group. Cd exposure during pregnancy resulted in Cd accumulation in maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy and a decrease in the total weight of fetuses, and the combination of Cd and Cu caused some changes in the both maternal and fetal levels of Cu, Zn, and Fe, but it did not cause changes in the total fetal body weight or the weights of individual tissues.

12

Effect of land-water ecotone on changes in heavy metal content in waters of agricultural area

70%

Szpakowska B. , Karlik B. , Gołdyn H.

|

2003

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 2

137-142

EN

Concentrations of zinc, cadmium and lead in ionic forms and in forms bound to humic substances isolated from ground and surface waters of drainage catchment were analysed. Higher total concentrations of examined metals were found in ground waters as opposed to surface waters. Particularly clear difference was observed in case of cadmium. Mean concentrations of cadmium in ground waters amounted to 0.92mig l^-1, whereas in surface waters 0.50 mig l^-1. Similar tendency of higher heavy metals concentrations in ground waters as compared to surface waters was also observed in case of their ionic forms. Due to strong complexing properties organic matter can bind large amounts of metals and therefore influence bioavailability of the metals for aquatic organisms. Moreover the distribution of metals in aquatic environment depends on the presence of such biogeochemical barrier like belt of meadow, which can modify metals migration.

13

Lead and cadmium content in the meat tissues of fish from water ecosystems in the vicinity of a pesticide tomb

70%

Skibniewska K. A. , Guziur J. , Marzec Z. , Zaręba S. , Grzybowski M. , Szarek J.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 37, No.3

79-86

EN

Lead and cadmium levels were determined in the meat tissues of roach, bream, and carp netted in a lake and in fish ponds threatened by a pesticide tomb and in control basins in northeastern Poland. Concentrations in roach ranged from 20 to 124 ěg kg-1 of Pb and from 1 to 19 ěg kg-1 of Cd. In bream they were from 4 to 280 ěg kg-1of Pb and 2 to 28 ěg kg-1 of Cd, while in carp they were from 9 to 82 ěg kg-1 of Pb and 2 to 260 ěg kg-1 of Cd. The metal concentrations were low; no result exceeded admissible residue levels set forth by Polish law, and no evident contamination of fish by leakage from the pesticide tomb was detected.

14

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of thallium and cadmium in wastewater samples containing Cd, TI and Pb using a bismuth film electrode

70%

Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. , Paldyna J. , Golimowski J. , Kania M.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 54, No. 1

109-113

EN

Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry was applied to the simultaneous determination of Tl and Cd in wastewater samples with extremely high contents of the studied elements using a bismuth film electrode. The stripping signals were recorded in the supporting electrolyte containing acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and Bi3++ ions without removal of oxygen. It was observed that the stripping peak of Tl was insufficiently separated from the peak of Cd; however, quantification of the metals was possible when their concentrations were comparable. To verify the obtained results, the ICP-MS method was applied.

PL

Do jednoczesnego oznaczenia Tl i Cd w próbkach wód odpadowych charakteryzujących się wysokim stężeniem badanych metali zastosowano anodową woltamperometrie stripingową fali prostokątnej na blonkowej elektrodzie bizmutowej. Sygnały rejestrowano bez odtleniania w buforze octanowym (pH 4.5) w obecności jonów bizmutu(III). Pomimo zbliżonych potencjałów pików Tl i Cd można było ilościowo oznaczyć zawartość obu analitów w próbce, jeśli występowały w porównywalnych stężeniach. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z wynikami uzyskanymi metodą ICP-MS.

15

Polyadenylation and decay of 26S rRNA as part of Nicotiana tabacum response to cadmium

70%

Lewandowska M. , Borcz B. , Kamińska J. , Wawrzyński A. , Sirko A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2007

|

tom 54

|

nr 4

747-755

EN

In contrast to mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs are generally not considered to be polyadenylated. Only a few recent reports describe non-abundant polyadenylated rRNA-related transcripts that have been detected and characterized in yeast and in human cells. Here we depict the phenomenon of 26S rRNA polyadenylation and degradation that was observed in shoots of Nicotiana tabaccum plants grown in the presence of cadmium. Fragments corresponding to 26S rRNA were identified using suppression subtractive hybridization during screening for genes induced in tobacco plants upon a three-week exposure to 15 µM cadmium chloride. Extracts prepared from the above-ground tissues of cadmium-treated tobacco plants were supposed to contain exclusively polyadenylated mRNAs. Surprisingly, numerous polyadenylated fragments matching parts of 26S rRNA were identified and their presence was confirmed by Northern blot and cDNA amplification techniques. To our knowledge this is the first report on rRNA polyadenylation in plants.

16

Characterization and sorption properties of Aspergillus niger waste biomass

70%

Ŝpanêlová M. , Machoviĉ V. , Březina M.

Open Chemistry

|

2003

|

tom 1

|

nr 3

192-200

EN

The structure and the biosorption properties of fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger originated from citric acid fermentation industry was investigated. This waste biomass, produced in high quantity in carefully controlled industrial processes, has certain favourable characteristics that may be improved for its usefulness. In environmental chemistry, it is known for the removal of heavy metals cations. In this work, different alkaline treatments (1M NaOH/20°C/24 h and 10M NaOH/107°C/6 h) were used to evaluate the dependence of sorption properties of biomass on the cell wall composition. The biosorption was studied by the batch method, with the biomass concentration of 1 g/l, at pH 6. The adsorption of lead was more effective than that of cadmium. The biosorption capacity was evaluated using the biosorption isotherm derived from the equilibrium data. At pH 6, the maximmum lead biosorption capacity estimated with the Langmuir model was 93 mg/g dry biomass.

17

Cd2+-promoted mitochondrial permeability transition: a comparison with other heavy metals.

70%

Belyaeva E. A. , Glazunov V. V. , Korotkov S. M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2004

|

tom 51

|

nr 2

545-551

EN

We compared action of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ on isolated rat liver mitochondria in the absence of added Ca2+ and Pi. The heavy-metal ions produced dose-dependently: (1) enhanced membrane permeabilizaton manifested in mitochondrial swelling and activation of basal respiration, (2) inhibition of uncoupler-stimulated respiration, and (3) membrane potential dissipation. Among the metals, Cu2+ exhibited maximal stimulatory effect on basal respiration and minimal inhibitory action on DNP-uncoupled respiration whilst Cd2+ promoted the strongest depression of uncoupled respiration and the largest swelling in NH4NO3 medium. Dithiothreitol induced a basal respiration release if added after high [Cd2+] and [Hg2+], and the stimulation was CsA-insensitive.

18

Activation of phenylpropanoid pathway in legume plants exposed to heavy metals. Part II. Profiling of isoflavonoids and their glycoconjugates induced in roots of lupine (lupinus luteus) seedlings treated with cadmium and lead

70%

Pawlak-Sprada S. , Stobiecki M. , Deckert J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2011

|

tom 58

|

nr 2

217-223

EN

We examined changes in profiles of isoflavonoids in roots of lupine (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Juno) seedlings in response to treatment with two heavy metals: cadmium (at 10 mg/l) and lead (at 150 mg/l). Overall, 21 flavonoid conjugates were identified in root extracts, some of them with up to six positional isomers. The total amount of all isoflavonoids increased by about 15 % in cadmium-treated plants and by 46 % in lead-treated ones. Heavy metals markedly increased the content of two compounds: 2'-hydroxygenistein glucoside and 2'-hydroxygenistein 7-O-glucoside malonylated. Possible functions of the identified isoflavonoids in yellow lupine exposed to heavy metal stress are discussed.

19

Effect of soil contamination with cadmium on the element content in spring wheat (Triticum vulgare)

60%

Smolik B. , Malinowska K.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 15, nr 4-5

415-420

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of selected elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mo and Cu) and average ion equivalent proportions between K, Ca, Mg and Na in spring wheat. The application of a cadmium dose (2.8-560 mg Cd . kg-I of soil), resulted in a decrease in the amount of nearly all chemical elements. A slight increase in the content of calcium was noticed in wheat after the application of the lowest concentrations in the combination with and without NPK fertilization. A twofold decrease in the content of calcium was recorded only at the highest concentration of Cd as compared with the control. The addition of cadmium salt to the soil caused a broadening of the ratio K: (Ca + Mg), Ca : Mg, K : Mg and a narrowing of the ratio K : Na and K : Cs. The ion proportions did not exceed values regarded as appropriate for a good quality of fodder.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu skażenia gleby kadmem na zawartość wybranych pierwiastków (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn i Cu) oraz średnich równoważnikowych proporcji jonowych między K, Ca, Mg i Na w pszenicy jarej. Zastosowane dawki kadmu (2:8-560 mg Cd . kg-1 gleby) spowodowały zmniejszenie ilości prawie wszystkich pierwiastków. Stwierdzono nieznaczny wzrost zawartości wapnia w pszenicy po zastosowaniu najmniejszych stężeń w kombinacji bez nawożenia i z nawożeniem NPK. 2-krotny spadek zawartości wapnia odnotowano dopiero przy najwyższym stężeniu Cd w porównaniu z kontrolą. Dodatek do gleby soli kadmu spowodował rozszerzenie stosunku K : (Ca + Mg), Ca: Mg i K : Mg oraz zawężenie stosunku K : Na i K : Ca. Proporcje jonowe nie przekraczały wartości uznanych za poprawne dla dobrej jakości paszy.

20

Heavy metal contamination of waters in reservoirs in an urban agglomeration

60%

Szpakowska B. , Karlik B. , Krzesiński W. , Goliński P. , Szczęsna M. , Mleczek M.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 39, No.2

113-120

EN

The aim of the study was to estimate the degree of heavy metal pollution in water reservoirs in the city of Poznań as well as that in supply and outlet waters. The experimental data were compared with the results of mathematical analyses based on mathematical equations of linear regression that were derived. No considerable discrepancies were noted for zinc, cadmium, or copper in the 2004-2005 period. The metal concentrations in the analyzed water reservoirs were affected by the neighboring agglomeration and land development in the catchment area. The lowest concentrations of analyzed metals in inflowing waters ranged from 0.013 μg dm^-3 for cadmium to 454 μg dm^-3 for zinc. The application of simple mathematical models may considerably facilitate forecasting adverse changes that occur in aquatic ecosystems.