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1
Content available remote Identyfikacja otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa
100%
PL
Artykuł syntetycznie ujmuje kwestie związane z definicją otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa na tle literatury przedmiotu. Autor omawia proces identyfikacji otoczenia, który obejmuje: obserwację otoczenia, opis otoczenia, rozpoznanie cech otoczenia, segregowanie cech otoczenia, oraz typologie otoczenia. Ponadto omówione zostały cechy otoczenia.
EN
The paper elaborates on various synthetic definitions of a business environment. The author focuses on the process of business environment scanning. Furthermore the paper describes various characteristics of the environment.
EN
The transformation of Czech economy after 1989 brought many substantial changes. Gradually, new organizational, institutional and legal frameworks were shaped for the operation of a market mechanism. Similar to a number of other branches, the construction industry transformed significantly. The first half of the 1990 was marked by the restructuring, privatization and subsequent internationalization, which continued in the second half of the decade. Opening of the market towards the west, and the internationalization have brought many innovations. They can be seen for example in the application of new technologies or the implementation of modern building materials. A typical example of these innovations is the boom in construction of low-energy houses. The paper also deals with the gradual change in the residential construction, characterized by the gradual departure from state directives in residential construction, to institutional support of entrepreneurship, to highly integrated residential development.This paper was elaborated under the project GA AV ČR IAA301670901 „Časoprostorová organizace denních urbánních systémů: analýza a hodnocení vybraných procesů“ and project IGA UP PrF_2011_006 „Krajina jako geosystém: změny v časové a prostorové struktuře a jejich hlavní mechanismy“ funded by the Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
EN
The main aim of the article is to identify the main burdens of doing business perceived by Slovak family owned hospitality businesses as well as to assess their view on the prospects for family businesses in Slovakia. The article analyzes primary data gained from an opinion survey conducted by means of a questionnaire in 2013. The business environment perception is evaluated according to the perception of certain external business environment indicators (conditions of doing business) depicted on the basis of the results of the pilot survey conducted in 2009 and the research carried out in 2010/2011. The results allowed us to identify the most discussed topics and burdens of doing business in tourism and hospitality in Slovakia.
EN
Research background: Budgeting was developed during the Great Depression as a managerial tool to help enterprises survive a critical period characterized by fluctuations in macroeconomic indicators. Now, after more than eighty years, budgeting is criticized for the same reason why it was created — for lack of adaptability to unexpected changes in the business environment. Based on these facts, the presented study focuses on the specifics of budgeting in the current business environment. Purpose of the article: The aim of the work is to explore selected aspects of budgeting process in Czech firms, and to assess how the budgetary process is influenced by the progression of the business environment. Methods: To achieve presented target, the authors designed the questionnaire survey sub-mitted to employees of companies in the Czech Republic. Findings & Value added: The first part of this paper displays the state of knowledge on budgeting, the following part presents results of the survey. The study identified several trends, especially in the use of budgeting in Czech firms, characteristics of budgets in these subjects and evaluation of the sustainability of a company´s environment.
5
Content available remote Business and economic aspects of accounting standardization in Hungary
70%
EN
In contemporary international division of labor the importance of ITC technologies and social capital is increasing, and allows the economy to be more competitive due to arising many connections to the global information networks. The major goal of this article was analyzing (mostly in descriptive manner) and comparing the recent trends in GDP growth and its composition and international trade of high-technology manufactures and services for developed and BRIC countries. The results of conducted statistical data analyze and research justify the conclusion that some developing economies, especially China and India, are in fact gaining on importance in international trade of high-tech products and knowledge-intensive business services, even having become more effective competitors to the post-industrial economies in so called creative industries. Such an outcome has been caused mostly by foreign direct investments flowed in during two last decades, but also is a consequence of social and educational policy leading to development of networked human capital.
EN
Research background: Improving business conditions and SME development are signs of a country's macroeconomic stability. The issue of identifying and removing barriers to the development of firms in the SME segment is a priority in all countries with developed economies and its importance is currently increasing. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper is to explore possible differences in entrepreneurs' perception of the business environment based on the industry in which the company operates. The analysis contains also a national view, where a comparison between the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic is performed. Methods: Correspondence analysis was used to achieve the research objectives in order to examine the relations between the categorical variables. Its application is beneficial in cases where the graphic output is clearer than the numerical one. Findings & Value added: The presented research makes it possible to identify problematic aspects of doing business in each sector and to create support mechanisms for the creation of effective structural policies. Entrepreneurs from the Czech Republic's Production and Transport sectors agree with the statement that the business environment in the country is suitable for starting a business. As for business environment's suitability for doing business, neither Slovak nor Czech entrepreneurs sector-wide agreed with the given statement. Czech entrepreneurs from the Services, Trade and Construction sectors, respectively, agree, fully agree with the statement that the business environment in the country is reasonably risky and allows for doing business. In the case of entrepreneurs from Slovakia, no significant correspondence is observed. Findings regarding the statement that the business conditions in the country have improved over the past five years are the following: In the Czech Republic, there is a perfect correspondence of the Transport sector and the agreement with the given statement. In the Slovak Republic, agreement was found with the given statement in the Transport sector and neutral position in the Production sector.
EN
Research background: Businesses are directly affected by the outside world, i.e. the business environment. Literature review lists a number of factors of the business environment affecting businesses. These factors may be oriented towards inputs, outputs, sales, or can be an instrument of regional policy. With regard to future development of businesses, it is crucial to identify which factor and to what extent can influence the operation of the business. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the primary research was to provide a comprehensive assessment of how different factors influence enterprises of different economic sectors as well as help to verify the research question defined and formulate recommendations for future development of enterprises. The questionnaire survey to verify the research question was conducted on a sample of 496 small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: We chose quantitative method of ANOVA for processing the results of the survey, and we also set the limit of significant impact of different influence factors on the basis of analysed data of primary research, and the limit of significant impact. Based on literature study, we have grouped individual factors such as factors focused on inputs, on outputs, on sales, and instruments of regional policy. Based on those findings we can identify the impact of factors for the future development of SMEs in different economic sectors. Findings & Value added: SMEs of Nitra Region involved in the research represent different economic sectors and various factors influence them with different intensity, for future development of these SMEs it is necessary to reduce the transport cost of raw material and goods, improve the attitude of employees to work, and the technical level of equipment to improve the economic situation of the region. The mentioned findings are important for formulating the future regional development plan.
EN
By increasing the diversity of data from the evolving rebirth of societies to become greener, a need to simplify perception has been created, especially in the area of interactive data visualisation, which helps the user with data interpretation. Therefore, it is important to clarify the main factors of perception and predisposition to effective and clear perception of data. The interconnection of data visualisation, environmental activities and communication tools reinforces the fact that the groundswell is a leading innovative element that needs to be taken into account for the complexity of research. The authors analyse the research of domestic and foreign experts so far, summarise the findings as an ideal basis for their subsequent research and supplementation of expertise across the spectrum in the field of data perception, environmental activities of companies and largely innovative communication tools. They also deal with previous research in the field of effective data perception, environmental activities of companies and the resulting data packages. The study uses balanced methods of qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative methods are in the form of analysis of the content of previously collected texts and documents, which is unstructured and has an emergent relationship between theory and research. It is also a well-established semantic analysis of conceptual expressions. Within the quantitative methods, representation is in the form of evaluation of the authors’ own survey carried out in Slovak business entities. The dependence between the variables is tested using Cramer’s V. The main goal of the study is to present a proposal for a methodology for displaying data from the environmental activities of businesses using innovative communication tools. Extensive research in the field of data visualisation and findings are formulated into conclusions in order to achieve a professional discussion on the issue. The added value of a scientific study is mainly in the clarification of specific and measurable data resulting in an effective display within the visualisation.
EN
The article investigates one of the still unsolved problems in the theory of corporate finance – what is the value of financial liquidity and to what extent is it determined by external factors originating from the business environment. Based upon the conducted research there has been observed a relationship between the value of financial liquidity and phases of the economic cycle. Differences in the value of liquidity exist between businesses operating on markets with different development level. The research is a significant step towards a detailed analysis of how exogenous factors impact the value of corporate financial liquidity.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę zaangażowania pracowniczego w okresie wzrostu i spowolnienia gospodarczego. W gospodarce rynkowej budowanie zaangażowania pracowniczego stało się koncepcją doskonalenia organizacji. Zaangażowanie przejawia się we wzmocnieniu roli pracowników, którzy uczestniczą w rozwiązywaniu problemów i implementacji nowych pomysłów. O ile koncepcja zarządzania firmą przez zaangażowanie pracownicze nie budzi zastrzeżeń w okresie korzystnej sytuacji rynkowej przedsiębiorstwa, to w fazie dekoniunktury, której towarzyszą programy oszczędnościowe, pojawiają się dylematy zasadności jej zastosowania. W publikacji wskazano na problemy w budowaniu zaangażowania pracowniczego w różnych warunkach otoczenia biznesowego.
EN
In the article some problems connected with employee engagement in enterprises were presented. During economic development employee engagement is the important concept of organizational development. Using generalization we can say that employee engagement is a part of decision system where employees participate in creation of new ideas and their realization. During economic development enterprises are interested in employee engagement but in crisis they have some problems. In the article the author tries to answer; now to realize the concept in different market situation.
PL
Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa szukają sposobów obniżania kosztów działalności, likwidacji przyczyn marnotrawstwa oraz zwiększania rentowności. Stałe doskonalenie systemu zarządzania jakością jest rozwiązaniem ale oznacza to wyzwanie dla całej organizacji i integracji z innymi systemami zarządzania. Kluczem dla sprawnie zaplanowanego procesu doskonalenia jakości jest uwzględnienie działań z tym związanych już w planach strategicznych. Dlatego kształtowanie polityki jakości w przedsiębiorstwach powinno współgrać z systemem zarządzania strategicznego. System jakości wypracowujemy przez lata.
EN
Today's businesses are looking for ways to reduce operating costs, elimination of the causes of waste and increasing profitability. Constant improvement of the quality management system is a solution but it means a challenge for the entire organization and integration with other management systems. The key to a well-planned quality improvement process is to include actions already involved in strategic plans. That is why shaping the quality policy in enterprises should be in tune with the strategic management system. We have been working on the quality system for years.
12
Content available remote Problematyka analizy i oceny otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa w sektorze usługowym
60%
PL
W referacie przedstawiono podejście do tworzenia procedury oceny otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa, która uwzględnia metody analizy otoczenia dalszego i bliższego. Wskazano, iż w trakcie takiego postepowania ważny jest ich właściwy dobór.
EN
The paper presents an approach towards the evaluation of business environment, which includes methods of the analysis of further and closer environment. It has been stated that during such a procedure the right choice of methods is important.
EN
Research background: SMEs represent an integral part of the economy environment in a majority of the countries all over the world. They signify the most efficient, progressive, and important part of the advanced economies. The long-term effort of the EU countries, as well as other advanced economies is to create quality and stable conditions for their development in order to be able to respond to all the possible changes in the business environment that is being changed to more and more comprehensive in the recent time. Purpose of the article: The objective of the contribution is to examine administrative and legislative obstacles to SMEs business in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the quantification of the differences in perceiving legislative and administrative obstacles to business by entrepreneurs in both countries. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted within SMEs in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2019. The research sample included 641 SMEs, 312 from the Czech Republic and 329 from Slovakia. We focused on 5 dimensions related to legislative and administrative obstacles to SMEs business within which selected statements were examined. Contingency tables were used to analyze the ratios of the examined variables. Findings & Value added: The differences detected in both countries in the respondents´ perception and assessment are evidence of the changes in the business environment of both countries, giving rise to the questions about the extent to which the legislative and administrative obstacles, as well as the obstacles related to law enforcement and bureaucracy are acceptable and by which groups of entrepreneurs. The results of the research provide valuable findings for the creators of regional and national policies, and represent a valuable basis for the creation of the concepts focused on the SMEs´ development in both countries.  The results of the study also support the implementation of follow-up research in this area that will reveal other determinants affecting the development of SMEs. They also create a valuable platform for the construction of national and international benchmarking indicators in this area and the implementation of comparative analyses. This will also support the methodological area necessary for a creation of high-quality concepts and strategies.
14
Content available remote Modele wiedzy w rozpoznawaniu szans i zagrożeń
60%
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję rozpoznawania szans i zagrożeń na podstawie wzorców sytuacji o odpowiedniej zdolności prognostycznej. Wzorce te są tworzone przez uogólnianie modeli wiedzy bezpośredniej (płytkiej) oraz przez uszczegółowianie modeli wiedzy głębokiej. Praktyczne zastosowanie tej koncepcji przedstawiono na przykładzie identyfikacji zagrożeń występujących w realizacji dużych przedsięwzięć w wybranym przedsiębiorstwie. Spośród dużych przedsięwzięć wybrano rozbudowę i modernizację systemu informatycznego przedsiębiorstwa. Z przedsięwzięciem tym jest związany archetyp systemowy: doraźne nakłady i odroczone korzyści. Na podstawie archetypu utworzono modele dynamiki systemowej, a informacje o zagrożeniach pozyskano na podstawie symulacji badawczych.
EN
In the article a conception of identifying chances and threats based on standards of the situation about the adequate prognostic fitness was presented. These models are being created by generalizing models of the direct knowledge (shallow) and through the specialization of models of the profound knowledge. The practical application of this concept was introduced on the example of the identification of threats appearing in the completion of big undertakings in the selected company. Out of big undertakings an expansion and a modernization of a computer system of the enterprise were chosen. With the undertaking a system archetype is associated with it: the temporary expenditure and postponed benefits. Based on the archetype models of system dynamics were created, and information about threats was obtained based on research simulations.
EN
The regional knowledge laboratory, being a part of the regional innovation system, impacts the regional innovation potential of regional firms, especially SMEs. Diffusion of innovations consists of the penetration of innovative solutions into the whole social and economic system, the result of which is a change in its functioning and overall development. The process of diffusion of innovations in a sense forces the innovativeness of the competing enterprises by necessitating their adaptation to the changing conditions of the environment. Diffusion of innovations is a determinant of the growth and development of enterprises, especially those of the SME sector. The paper is an attempt to empirically verify the dependence between the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the innovative potential of the studied region. Due to utilitarian reasons, the region was defined in accordance with the European statistical terminology (NUTS1 – regions in the total number of 6) as the area of two administration regions (NUTS2 – voivodeships in the total number of 16): małopolskie and śląskie, which makes of one statistical regional (PL2 – Southern Region of Poland). The empirical material was based on a random sample of 109 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises located in the studied region. With the use of computer statistical tools, the hypothesis made in the paper was confirmed, namely that the level of commercialization of knowledge and the transfer of technology in the studied region influences the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
EN
Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the work were business environment institutions as entities that affect the investment attractiveness of the region. The aim of the article was to identify and assess the role of business environment institutions in shaping the investment attractiveness of regions, with particular focus on park institutions and Regional Investor Service Centres. Materials and methods: The article highlights the significance of institutional factors in shaping the investment attractiveness, in the light of both the national and foreign literature. In addition, a presentation was made of the results of the qualitative research involving an assessment of the content posted on the websites of selected institutions that provide support for entrepreneurs in the provinces. Results and conclusions: Business environment institutions constitute an important factor for potential investment attractiveness of the region through their impact on the possibilities of acquiring, storing, transforming and sharing of knowledge between different entities. Institutional coverage of the regions also affects the ability to create cooperation networks, including the formation of cluster initiatives. It has also been proven that there is a dependency between institutional resources of the region and its actual attractiveness.
PL
Przedmiotem pracy były instytucje otoczenia biznesu, jako podmioty wpływające na atrakcyjność inwestycyjną regionu. Celem artykułu była identyfikacja i ocena roli instytucji otoczenia biznesu w kształtowaniu atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej regionów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem instytucji parkowych oraz Regionalnych Centrów Obsługi Inwestora. Materiały i metody: W artykule przedstawiono znaczenie czynników instytucjonalnych w kształtowaniu atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej w świetle literatury krajowej i zagranicznej. Ponadto dokonano prezentacji wyników badań jakościowych obejmujących ocenę treści zamieszczonych na stronach internetowych wybranych instytucji świadczących wsparcie dla przedsiębiorców w województwach. Wyniki i wnioski: Instytucje otoczenia biznesu stanowią ważny czynnik potencjalnej atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej regionu poprzez wpływ na możliwości pozyskiwania, przechowywania, przekształcania i dzielenia się wiedzą pomiędzy różnymi podmiotami. Wyposażenie instytucjonalne regionów wpływa także na możliwość tworzenia sieci współpracy, w tym na powstawanie inicjatyw klastrowych. Wykazano również, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy zasobami instytucjonalnymi regionu a jego atrakcyjnością rzeczywistą.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród środowisk biznesowych obszaru przygranicznego Polski i Ukrainy odnośnie do ich wzajemnych opinii o rynku sąsiada. Menedżerowie wyższego szczebla oraz przedsiębiorcy polskich firm z województwa lubelskiego oceniali rynek ukraiński (413 respondentów). Analogicznie ich ukraińscy odpowiednicy z obwodu wołyńskiego oceniali rynek polski (272 respondentów). Krzyżowa analiza obejmowała ocenę obu rynków w perspektywie czterech głównych płaszczyzn problemowych: prawno-administracyjnej, społeczno-ekonomicznej, technologiczno-infrastrukturalnej oraz kosztowo-podatkowej a także ogólną ocenę ich atrakcyjności biznesowej oraz określenie głównych czynników kształtujących tę atrakcyjność. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na istnienie dużej asymetrii we wzajemnym postrzeganiu rynku sąsiada przez firmy działające na obszarach przygranicznych obu analizowanych państw: menedżerowie i przedsiębiorcy ukraińscy znacznie wyżej oceniają rynek polski w porównaniu z ocenami stawianymi przez menedżerów i przedsiębiorców polskich w odniesieniu do rynku ukraińskiego. Ponadto okazuje się, że w ocenie atrakcyjności rynku sąsiada zupełnie inne czynniki stanowią kluczowe kwestie dla przedsiębiorców polskich (oceniających rynek ukraiński) i dla przedsiębiorców ukraińskich (oceniających rynek polski). Te różnice opinii i punktów widzenia mogą stanowić barierę utrudniającą współpracę gospodarczą obu przygranicznych regionów.
EN
The paper presents the results of surveys conducted among the business environments of the border area of Poland and Ukraine concerning their mutual opinions about their neighbour’s market. Senior managers and entrepreneurs from Polish companies located in Lublin Voivodeship provided their assessment of the Ukrainian market (413 respondents); by analogy, their Ukrainian counterparts from Volyn Oblast assessed the Polish market (272 respondents). The cross-analysis encompassed the assessment of the two markets in the perspective of four main areas of problems: law-administrational, social-economic, technical-infrastructural, and operating costs and taxation, as well as a general evaluation of their attractiveness for business and main factors shaping this attractiveness. The results of the examination reveal a significant asymmetry in the mutual perception of the neighbouring market by the companies functioning in the border areas of the two analysed countries: the Polish market is assessed much better by the Ukrainian managers and enterpreneurs as compared with the assessments of the Ukrainian market given by the Polish managers and enterpreneurs. Moreover, it has been proven that the crucial questions considered by Polish enterpreneurs in their evaluation of the Ukrainian market by the Ukrainian enterpreneurs in their assessment of the attractiveness of the Polish market. These differences in opinions and viewpoints may constitute a barrier hampering cross-border economic cooperation between the two regions.
RU
В статье представлены результаты анкетных исследований, проведенных в деловых кругах приграничных районов Польши и Украины относительно их мнений о рынке соседа. Менеджеры высшего уровня, а также предприниматели польских фирм люблинского воеводства оценивали украинский рынок (413 респондентов). Таким же образом украинские предприниматели из волынской области оценивали польский рынок (272 респондентов). Перекрестный анализ охватывал оценку обоих рынков в четырех главных проблемных аспектах: административно- правового, социально-экономического, технологично-инфраструктурного, затратно-налогового, а также содержал общую оценку их привлекательности для бизнеса и определение главных факторов, формирующих эту привлекательность. Полученные результаты указывают на наличие большой асимметрии во взаимном восприятии рынка соседа фирмами, действующими в пограничных зонах обоих анализируемых государств: украинские менеджеры и предприниматели значительно лучше оценивают польский рынок по сравнению с оценками, которые дают польские менеджеры и предприниматели касательно украинского рынка. Кроме того оказывается, что в оценке привлекательности рынка соседа совсем другие факторы являются ключевыми вопросами для польских предпринимателей (оценивающих украинский рынок) и для украинских предпринимателей (оценивающих польский рынок). Эти различия во мнениях и точках зрения могут представлять собой барьер, затрудняющий экономическое сотрудничество обоих пограничных регионов.
PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja interesariuszy rolniczych spółdzielni produkcyjnych (RSP) oraz prezentacja ich oczekiwań metodą analizy interesariuszy (ang. stakeholders analysis). W artykule opisano, kim są główni interesariusze RSP, jakie są ich oczekiwania względem działalności analizowanych spółdzielni oraz jakie są możliwości ich wpływania na tę działalność. Okazuje się, że w otoczeniu RSP funkcjonuje wiele podmiotów (osób, organizacji, instytucji), których oddziaływanie ma istotne znaczenie. Spółdzielnie – jako przedsiębiorstwa służące zaspokajaniu potrzeb swoich członków i ich środowiska lokalnego – powinny z powagą podchodzić do realizacji oczekiwań swoich interesariuszy.
EN
The aim of this article is to identify the stakeholders of agricultural production cooperatives (ACPs), and to present their expectations using the stakeholders’ analysis. The article describes who are the key stakeholders of ACPs, what are their expectations for the analysed cooperatives’ activity, and what are the possibilities of their influence on this activity. It turns out that in the ACPs’ environment there are many entities (individuals, organizations, institutions) whose impact is significant. Cooperatives – as the companies aimed at satisfying the needs of their members and their local environment – should approach with seriousness to implement the expectations of their stakeholders.
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