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Cooling effects of a river and sea breeze on the thermal environment: a case of Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

100%

Shaharuddin A. , Department of Geography University Kebangsaan M. , Serię obserwacji bryzy morskiej wykonano wrołuż rzeki Terengganu w stanie Terengganu na wschodnim wybrzeżu Półwyspu Malajskiego. Obserwacje te prowadzono w listopadzie i w grudniu 1993r. w czasie trwania północno-wschodniego monsunu. Pomiary temperatury i wiatru wykonywano na wysokości 1 m. n. p. g. w. t. t. o. d. o. k. w. p. o. s. r. p. d. w. W. z. n. A. S. p. p. O.

A series of sea breeze observations have been carried out along the Terengganu river in the state of Terengganu on the east coast of the Peninsular of Malaysia. These observations were carried out during the north-east monsoon months ofNovember and December, 1993. Wind and temperature data were measured at the height of about I.S m above the ground along the three traverses on both sides of the river which is approximately 10 km long that perpendicular to the coast and then the results were presented in a horizontal cross-section. Generally, the formation of sea breeze of the speed of ~ 4.1 ms-1 was observed capable in reducing the ambient air temperature of about 2.0° to 4.0°C. Although the effect of sea breeze can be traced further inland along the river, its cooling effects, however, were well marked at the estuary of the Terengganu river than at the 7th km interior area of Kuala Terengganu. The difference in the temperature decrease was observed in the order of 1.7° and 2.4°C from the inland to the coastal areas, respectively. During the sea breeze episode, most of the coastal field stations indicated a slower temperature increase than the field stations located in the interior area. Furthermore, the effect of sea breeze in reducing ambient air temperature was well marked above the river (stations on bridges) than stations on both sides of the river. Simultaneously, an overall time-lag increase in relative humidity was observed during the fall of ambient air temperature, owing to the effect of sea breeze. In general, the establishment of sea breeze cooling effect was significantly felt about 3 to 6 hours period i.e., between 14.00 and 20.00 (Malaysian Local Time) which was varied between stations; longer period was experienced by stations located at or near the coastal area than stations further inland.

Badania klimatu miejskiego Gdańska i Gdyni

63%

Filipiak J. , Miętus M.

tom 108

21-34

W pracy przedstawiono krótką historię oraz rezultaty badań klimatu Gdańska i Gdyni. Początek badań klimatu Gdańska wiąże się z rozpoczęciem pomiarów i obserwacji meteorologicznych w 1739 roku. W ostatnich dekadach XIX wieku bardzo wzrosło znaczenie badań klimatu miasta na rzecz zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żeglugi i pracy portu. W dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym funkcjonowały w Gdańsku i Gdyni duże obserwatoria meteorologiczne. Prowadzono wówczas prace na rzecz rozpoznania lokalnych warunków klimatycznych, w tym zjawiska bryzy morskiej. W okresie powojennym podjęto zaawansowane badania terenowe pozwalające na określenie charakterystycznych cech przestrzennej zmienności elementów me-teorologicznych w Gdyni i Gdańsku. Ostatnie dekady XX wieku oraz obecne czasy to prace z zakresu klimatologii stosowanej obszarów zurbanizowanych.

A short history and the results of urban climate research in Gdańsk and Gdynia are presented in the paper. The initial research of Gdańsk’s climate was associated with the early beginning of meteorological measurements in 1739. In the last decades of the 19th century, the importance of studies devoted to ensuring the safety of shipping and harbour activity increased significantly. The interwar period was characterized by great development of meteorological observatories in Gdańsk and Gdynia. The research efforts were particularly dedicated to the recognition of local climatic conditions, including the phenom-enon of sea breeze. In the post-war period, advanced field research was undertaken to characterize the characteristic features of spatial variability of meteorological elements in Gdynia and Gdańsk. Various aspects of applied urban climatology are present in the research of the last decades of the 20th century and present times.

Wiatr i jego znaczenie

51%

Bednarek H. , Liniewicz K.

Ekonatura

2013

nr 11