The main groups of biotoxins harmful for human are: DSP, NSP, ASP and PSP. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by consumption of molluscan shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins (BTXs) primarily produced by dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. In case of intoxication by brevetoxin and their isomers, among the possible effects are paresthesia (tingling), reversal of hot-cold temperature sensation, myalgia (muscle pain), vertigo, ataxia (loss of coordination), abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, bradycardia (slow heart rate), and dilated pupils. In total, quantities (measured in the whole body or any edible part separately) cannot exceed the following limit for brevetoxins, i.e. 0.8 mg/kg. Modern techniques such as immunoassay, phosphatase test or chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS) are quite suitable for detection of BTXs.
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