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EN
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the stimulation of ovulation within 48 h after treatment in mares, which had a ≥35 mm follicle. A total of 41 oestrus cycles of 21 mares (9 Thoroughbred, 6 Dutch Warmblood, and 6 Friesian), between 7 and 12 years of age were used for this study. All the mares were intramuscularly treated with Hcg, at the dose of 3 000 IU when a follicle ≥35 mm was detected. They were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography, until the ovulation was confirmed. It was found that the diameter of follicle before ovulation was more significant, and oestrus duration was longer in Friesian mares than those of Thoroughbred and Dutch Warmblood ones. Moreover, the percentage of mares ovulating within 48 h after hCG treatment was significantly lower in Friesian mares, when compared to that of the other breed mares. There was no significant difference in these parameters between Thoroughbred and Dutch Warmblood mares. In conclusion, the efficacy of hCG may be different among mares of different breeds. The percentage of ovulation within 48 h after hCG treatment was lower in Friesian mares when compared to the other breeds. Therefore, various strategies are needed for the stimulation of ovulation in Friesian mares.
EN
The aim of the study was comparison of the milk performance of primiparous cows from 6 European countries with Polish Holstein-Friesians, as well as to demonstrate the differences within the different genetic groups. Material consisted of data contained in the dairy reports gathered from 26 farm “Healthy Cow” project. The analysis involved data including milk yield and its chemical composition, i.e.: fat, protein, lactose, solids, and urea somatic cells count in milk. On the basis of these results, it was found that the country of origin had significant impact on daily milk yield, % fat, % protein, % of lactose and also affected dry matter content, urea and somatic cells in the milk of lactating cows. Research reviled that there were not differences in milk performance between imported and native cows. However, the breed of cows had an strong impact on daily milk production, % protein, % lactose,% dry weight, as well as urea content and somatic cells count.
PL
Wpływ rasy i pochodzenia pierwiastek na wyniki ich użytkowości mlecznej. Celem badań było porównanie parametrów użytkowości mlecznej i składu mleka pierwiastek pochodzących z 6 krajów europejskich z rówieśnicami utrzymywanymi w Polsce oraz wykazanie różnic między rasami. Materiał do badań stanowiły dane zawarte w raportach wynikowych z 26 gospodarstw. Analizowano takie dane jak: wydajność mleka oraz zawartości: tłuszczu, białka, laktozy, suchej masy, komórek somatycznych i mocznika w mleku. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że kraj pochodzenia pierwiastek okazał się istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na dobową wydajność mleka, % tłuszczu, % białka, % laktozy. Wpływ ten wykazano również na zawartość suchej masy, mocznika i komórek somatycznych w mleku. Analizując wyniki użytkowości mlecznej pierwiastek importowanych z krajowymi nie wykazano statystycznie istotnych różnic między obiema grupami. Rasa krów miała wpływ na dobową produkcję mleka, % zawartość białka, laktozy i suchej masy, a także na zawartość mocznika oraz komórek somatycznych w uzyskiwanym surowcu.
EN
The aim of the study was to estimate the content of functional components of milk in some major cattle breeds. The study was performed in two parts. The first was conducted on Black-and-White (BW) and Polish Red (PR) cows. All animals were kept as one herd at Popielno, and maintained according to the traditional extensive feeding system. Bulk milk samples were used, representing the milk of 349 Simmental cows (SM) cows, maintained and fed in similar conditions to BW and PR animals. The second part included Black-and-White cows upgraded with HF (BW HF) and Simmental cows (SM). Animals of BWHF and SM breed originated from different herds. However, they were maintained and fed according to a similar system, without access to pasture. Milk was examined for antioxidants, CLA and other functional fatty acids as well as FFA and MDA content indicative of milk fat quality. The milk of SM cows maintained according to the traditional system significantly (p≤0.01) exceeded BW and PR for A and E vitamins, as well as C 4:0, C18:2, C20:4, C20:5, and C22:5, while was lower (p≤0.01) than of BW in the case of fat, MDA, FFA and C vitamin (p≤0.01) content. There was a highly significant interaction of breed and season. During the grazing season milk of BW cows contained significantly more (p≤0.01) fat, C vitamin, C18:1 trans 11 and CLA than that of SM. In the case of animals fed TMR diet, milk of SM exceeded significantly (p≤0.01) that of BW HF cows for fat, protein, CLA, C20:4 and C20:5 content, while MDA, FFA, cholesterol and C18:2 content of milk were higher in BW HF animals. Individual variation of CLA content differed among breeds and was the greatest (over 3 fold) in milk fat of BW cows.
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