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EN
Three problems are discussed in the present article: the currently changing meaning and range of the term "apomixis," opinions on the normality of apomictic processes, and the relation between vegetative and apomictic reproduction. The differences in opinion on these matters reflect the authors’ subjective views, which cannot be avoided in dealing with complex phenomena that are difficult to manipulate experimentally. However, the increase in the number of synonyms that can be observed in the current literature is not useful in discussions and does not make statements easier to interpret. Thus, special attention should be paid to the precise use of terminology in discussions and articles on apomixis and related processes.
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2016
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tom 61
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nr 3
65–80
EN
This article presents interests in the humanities, and particularly in literature, of an outstanding Polish botanist of the previous century – Bolesław Hryniewiecki (1875–1963). The scientist was not only a botanist but also an activist in wildlife conservation: creator and first president of the League for the Preservation of Nature. He took initiative in wildlife preservation for Polish national parks created thereafter. The other important field of his scholarly activity were the arts. Analysis of Hryniewiecki’s extensive scientific achievements shows a considerable share of works in the humanities, including comprehensive accounts of nature descriptions in Polish belles-lettres. Quantitative (approximate) presentation of the share of works in the humanities in his whole output as a scientist, including publications for the general public (excluding reviews and copies), clearly demonstrates that out of 468 publications, as many as 168, i.e. 36%, are works that can be categorised as the ones in the humanities. From the 30s of the 20th century, the number of Hryniewiecki’s works in the arts started to rise, with a break during the 2nd World War. After the War, his publications in the humanities outnumbered the works on nature. The most important ones were his accounts of the descriptions of nature in the works of Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855) and Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910). An interesting work titled Przyroda w twórczości Elizy Orzeszkowej (Nature in the literary works of Eliza Orzeszkowa) was never published and is preserved only in typescript kept in the Orzeszkowa Archive at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Apart from the main subject expressed in the title, the manuscript also includes Hryniewiecki’s deliberations devoted to the importance of literary works for natural history. It can be assumed that Hryniewiecki’s research in the writings of Orzeszkowa and Mickiewicz was an important part of his inquiry into natural science, particularly in the later period of his life, when he ceased doing typical botanical research. When analysing the works of belles-lettres, Hryniewiecki intended to interpret them from the point of view of a botanist, to verify information which they contained, to comment and facilitate the reception of the themes of nature introduced by the writers, and popularize nature and its protection among the readers.
EN
The research was carried out in the following 9 mesoregions of northem Poland, located on either side of the Vistula: Cassubian Coast, Cassubian Lakeland, Elbląg Plateaux, Górowo Plateaux, Ermelandic Plain, Iława Lakeland, Vistula Delta, Starogard Lakeland and Lower Vistula Valley. Atotal of 11 cropfield-weed communities have been distinguished and described. Those found in cereal crops included: Teesdaleo-Arnoseridetum, Papavereturn argemones, a transition community between Vicietum tetraspermae and Aphano-Matric.:arietum, AphanoMatric.:arietum, Lathyro-Melandrietum and Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti. In root crops the oceurrenee was found of: Digitarietum isc.:haemii, Ec.:hinoc.:hlooSetarietum, Lamio-Veronic.:etum politae, Galinsogo-Setarietum, Fumarietum officinalis and Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti. Due to the presence in the patches of most communities, especially root crop communities, of many common species, they show a number of similarities, floristie and structural.
PL
Badania roślinności segetalnej prowadzono w dziewięciu mezoregionach Polski północnej, położonych po obu stronach Wisły. Są to: Pobrzeże Kaszubskie, Pojezierze Kaszubskie, Wzniesienia Elbląskie, Wzniesienia Górowskie, Równina Warmińska, Pojezierze Iławskie, Żuławy Wiślane, Pojezierze Starogardzkie i Dolina Dolnej Wisły. W pracy wyróżniono i opisano 11 zbiorowisk chwastów upraw polnych. W uprawach zbożowych są to: Teesdaleo-Arnoseridetum, Papaveretum argemones, zbiorowisko przejściowe między Vicietum tetraspermae i Aphano-Matricarietum, Lathyro-Melandrietum i Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti. W uprawach okopowych stwierdzono występowanie: Digitarietum ischaemii, Echinochloo-Setarietum, Lamio- Veronicetum politae, Galinsogo-Setarietum, Fumarietum officinalis i Spergulo- Chrysanthemetum segeti. Występowanie w płatach większości zbiorowisk, zwłaszcza okopowych, wielu gatunków wspólnych sprawia, że wykazują one szereg podobieństw zarówno florystycznych jak i strukturalnych.
EN
The paper reports results of a study on the variability of six morphological features of leaves of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, collected at nine sites in Poland and two abroad. The size of the leaves was found to be strongly dependent on the habitat conditions and was the parameter determining the division into ecophenotypic groups. A linear relation was observed between the length and the width of the leaves.
PL
Na obszarze Polski przebiega południowo-zachodnia granica zasięgu chamedafne północnej. Odosobnione, izolowane dziewięć stanowisk leży daleko od współczesnego centrum rozmieszczenia na północy, dlatego można je traktować jako stanowiska reliktowe. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench ma wyraźnie zaznaczona amplitudę ekologiczna. Na obszarze Polski i w Rosji występuje w określonych warunkach na torfowiskach wysokich. Chamedafne północna charakteryzuje się zmiennością lokalna. Zmienność ta, zaznaczająca się zmiana wielkości i kształtu liści, jest uwarunkowana przede wszystkim różnymi warunkami siedliskowymi na poszczególnych stanowiskach.
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tom 76
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nr 3
EN
Anagallis arvensis L. fruits are globose pyxides. They contain a unique globose columella with 20-30 seeds on its surface. In ripe, open fruits the ball-shaped columella detaches easily and becomes a unique diaspore, which can roll on the ground. This way of dissemination has not been described so far neither in Anagallis nor in other Primulaceae.
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