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2 Polish Journal of Ecology

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The Pinus rotundata Link bog forests on mined peat bogs - is the conservation of undisturbed edge an effective tool for its protection?

100%

Unar P. , Janík D. , Souček J. , Vrška T. , Adam D. , Král K. , Hort L.

tom Vol. 60, nr 4

707--715

Peat mining has a serious impact on the Pinus rotundata Link habitat. The possibility of sustaining a vital Pinus rotundata bog forest on undisturbed edges of mined peat bog was assessed. 28.7 ha of undisturbed edge of Borkovická blata peat bog were sampled by regular grid of circular sample plots. Data about tree layer, natural regeneration of woody species as well as herb layer were collected. The impact of mined area drainage on vegetation communities in the undisturbed edge of peat bogs was discovered. The original Pinus rotundata bog forest is getting older and it is gradually being replaced by forest stands dominated by Picea abies (L.) Karsten, Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. The character of vegetation changes more rapidly with the increasing vertical distance of the remaining fragment and the mined part. This secondary elevation represents a serious problem in the water regime restoration and consequent revitalisation of the Pinus rotundata bog forest on the undisturbed edge of the mined peat bog.

Invasion of raised bogs by the Scots pine; a review of vegetation history and case study in selected peat-bogs in Bieszczady Mts. (Eastern Carpathians)

80%

Koczur A. , Michalik S.

tom 63

nr 3

The objective of this study was to analyse the diversity of pine and spruce bog forests on the domes of Carpathian raised bogs located in the Upper San River Valley. In order to determine the present species composition, 59 phytosociological relevés were performed (32 within spruce forests, and 27 in pine forests). For all relevés, the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and mean Ellenberg indicator values were calculated. Detrended correspondence analysis was conducted in order to determine the degree of similarity between distinct units of vegetation and to identify the main environmental gradients that have an impact on species composition. The results revealed considerable similarities between the ground vegetation of both spruce and pine forests growing on peat substrate. Within pine forests there was a greater proportion of certain plant species characteristic of raised bogs, and plants typical of bog coniferous forests. The ground flora of spruce forests was more diverse. Although spruce forests predominantly contained species typical of raised bogs, there was also a group in which Molinia caerulea predominated. Ellenberg indicator values typical of pine forests lay within ranges that were characteristic of spruce forests, but pine forests occupy more humid, more acidic and poorer habitats than most patches of spruce forests. Both spruce and pine bog forests were developed as a result of the colonization of open bogs, but the time-scale and rate of intensity were different. Palaeobotanical and historical data indicate that the Scots pine first reappeared on the domes of raised bogs in the first half of the 20th century. The concept that the spruce forests are older than those of pine is supported by their greater habitat diversity. Conversely, the younger age of pine forests is confirmed by their low habitat diversity, and greater proportion of photophilous raised-bog species.