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1

Potential rate of reproduction for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp.

100%

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L. , Zieliński A.

Oceanologia

|

2004

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tom No. 46 (1)

65-83

EN

Quantitative expressions are presented describing the potential reproductive rate per individual female of Pseudocalanus spp. in several different waters (not reduced by food limitation) as a function of both temperature and cephalothorax length of females (one equation for each studied region). The calculations were made for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp. from southwest Baffin Island, Nova Scotia, Long Island Sound, Scotland, as well as the southern North Sea and its adjacent waters (e.g. the English Channel). On the basis of the findings presented in this work and from other studies, the reproductive rate was computed as the mean number of eggs per sac divided by 1.25 times the embryonic duration at the given temperature. Also computed was the amount of egg matter produced per day as a percentage of body carbon (and dry weight) of female weight for all localities. The relationships for females from the southern North Sea were obtained for "viable eggs", but they should be treated with reserve. A more suitable expression describing egg production in the southern North Sea is the equation for females from the English Channel obtained here. Our assumptions and approximations appear to predict quite well the temperature-length of female dependent daily rates of egg production of well-fed females of Pseudocalanus spp. for the above waters, and we suggest that they can be used to test the hypothesis more thoroughly.

2

Evidences of zooplankton vertical migration in stocked and never-stocked alpine lakes in Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy)

100%

Tiberti R. , Barbieri M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2011

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tom Vol. 40, No.3

36-42

EN

Zooplankton vertical migration was described in four high altitude lakes in Gran Paradiso National Park (Northern Italy) during 2008 summertime. The authors succeeded in describing the vertical distribution of 6 species: diel vertical migrations were observed in the case of adult crustacean species (Cyclops gr. abyssorum, Arctodiaptomus alpinus and Daphnia gr. longispina), whereas the remaining rotifer species (Keratella quadrata, Polyarthra gr. dolichoptera and Synchaeta gr. stylata-pectinata) and naupliar stages of copepods did not undergo migrations. Migratory behavior of Daphnia gr. longispina and Cyclops gr. abyssorum was influenced by the size of individuals, especially larger individuals use to migrate deeper during the day compared to the smaller conspecific. This study provides new evidences of zooplankton vertical migration in never-stocked lakes and highlights the need to consider the zooplankton migration as result of multiple causal factors.

3

Body size and reproductive traits of Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda), a recent colonizer of the Baltic Sea

88%

Janas U. , Mańkucka A.

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tom Vol. 39, No.2

3-24

EN

Palaemon elegans is a species of prawn new (since 2000) to the southern Baltic. The aim of this study was to find out whether there are differences in the sizes of individuals and in the reproductive traits of P. elegans inhabiting different areas of the southern Baltic Sea and to compare the data obtained with existing data for populations from other coastal areas. The present study was carried out in the summers of 2005 and 2007 in three areas differing in their hydrological conditions (primarily in salinity): Puck Bay (PB), the Vistula Delta (VD) and the Vistula Lagoon (VL), Poland. The maximum body lengths of these prawns (females = 60 mm, males = 41 mm), and body masses (1201 mg and 533 mg respectively) found in the southern Baltic were less than those reported from many other parts of the geographical range of this species. The increase in body mass with length was the smallest in the prawns inhabiting VL, and the maximum lengths they grew to were also shorter (females – 52 mm and males – 39 mm) than in PB. The numbers of eggs carried by P. elegans in the southern Baltic were smaller than those found in females in its native regions. Differences were also found in the numbers and sizes of eggs between prawns inhabiting different locations in the southern Baltic. It was concluded that the low salinity of the southern Baltic Sea (even below 7 PSU), while not preventing this prawn from reproducing, caused a shift to the production of fewer but larger eggs. The reproductive strategy that Baltic populations of P. elegans has adopted is one of the factors responsible for its very rapid and large-scale colonization of the southern Baltic Sea.

4

The body size wild boar during the Mesolithic in southern Scandinavia

88%

Magnell O.

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nr 1

EN

In order to study the body size of wild boar Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 during the Boreal and Atlantic Chronozones in southern Scandinavia, 12 measurements of teeth and bones from 32 Mesolithic sites from Scania (Sweden) and Zealand and Jutland (Denmark) were analysed. The Osteometrie analysis revealed that the body size of wild boar from Scania did not change during the period. The results indicate that the changes of ecological conditions during the transition from the Boreal to the Atlantic chronozones did not affect wild boar in the same way as red deer and roe deer, which decreased in body size during the period. The tooth size of wild boar from Zealand is smaller than in wild boar from Jutland and Scania during the Late Atlantic Chronozones, which probably is the result of the isolation of the population when Zealand became an island. Calculations of withers height show that wild boar in southern Scandinavia during the Atlantic Chronozones were of similar body size as recent wild boar from eastern Europe.

5

Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

75%

Malina R. , Rożek K. , Ignasiak Z. , Sławińska T. , Fugiel J. , Kochan K. , Domaradzki J.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

180-187

EN

Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. Basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. Main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.

6

Relation between body-size and thermoregulation behavior: postprandial thermophily in spiny-tailed agama Uromastyx acanthinura Bell

75%

Berec M. , Stara Z. , Polakova S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 1

EN

Ectothermal vertebrates regulate their body temperature within definite limits to maintain physiological processes at their optimal levels. Among others, food processing and absorption are strongly temperature-dependent. Deficiency of adequate temperatures limits ectotherms in growth and maintenance. On the other hand, thermoregulatory behavior is costly and should be constrained by many factors. Using artificial thermal gradients (26–44℃ ), we measured temperature preferences of 10 spiny-tailed agamas (Uromastyx acanthinura) in controlled indoor experiment. Each lizard could choose place in the terrarium before and after feeding. Then, temperature preferences during pre-feeding and post-feeding periods were compared. We found significant increase of preferred temperature after feeding. Detailed view revealed that there is consistent influence of body size: bigger lizards maintained higher temperature during the whole experiment. We hypothesize that bigger potential predation risk on smaller lizards due to their size would force them to choose less optimal conditions.

7

Spatial segregation of foraging sites in winter mixed-species flocks of forest birds near seoul, Korea

75%

Lee S.-d. , Jabłoński P. G.

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tom Vol. 54, nr 3

481-490

EN

The wintering mixed flocks of tits (Paridae) and associated birds, are good objects for studying ecological niche division. In this respect the mixed species flocks on the Asian continent are poorly studied in comparison to European and North American ones. In this report we describe spatial distribution of foraging sites of eight bird species in 39 winter flocks near Seoul, Korea: Varied tit - Parus varius Temminck & Schlegel, Great tit - P. major Temminck & Schlegel, Marsh tit - P. palustris Bianchi, Coal tit - P. ater Buturlin, Long-tailed tit - Aegithalos caudatus Clark, Nuthatch - Sitta europaea Swinhoe, Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker - Dendrocopos kizuki Taka-Tsukasa, and Goldcrest - Regulus regulus Blakiston. Foraging sites (in coniferous and mixed forests) were classified into five height layers: on the ground, <1.5 m above the ground, 1.5-4 m, 4-7m, and > 7m. Trees were divided into three horizontal zones depending on the distance from trunk: crown interior, intermediate zone, and external twigs. Species differed significantly in the use of height layers: P. major foraged mostly on the ground, P. ater and A. caudatus foraged mostly in the highest forest layer, P. palustris was often seen in bushes, and P. varius occurred in the middle tree layer. There was no clear correlation between height of foraging and species body size. However, body size played an important role for segregation in horizontal zones, and two species, the larger P. major and the smaller P. ater differed significantly in the mean distance from trunk. Species of large body size like P. varius and P. major, foraged mostly in the interior of the tree crown, while the smaller species, P.ater and A. caudatus, foraged mostly in the external zone; the intermediate in size, P. palustris, foraged equally often in each of the three zones. The sites used most often by Korean populations of three tit species, P major, P. palustris and P ater, were similar to the sites used by European populations of the respective species. These results represent one of a few quantitative studies on mixed species flocks in continental Asia.

8

Hoof size as related to body size in the horse (Equus caballus)

75%

Stachurska A. , Kolstrung R. , Pieta M. , Silmanowicz P.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2011

|

tom 29

|

nr 3

EN

The study was conducted to find out the most reliable parameter of the hoof size in relation to the horse body size, exemplified in mares. The mares of four breeds belonging to different origin types were examined: Purebred Arabian, halfbred Anglo-Arabian, primitive Polish Konik and Polish Cold-Blood, 77 mares in total. The mares were four to 13 years old, classified into three age groups. Three body measurements were taken: height at withers, chest circumference and canzon circumference. The boniness index (cannon circumference to height at withers ratio) was also defined. After trimming, three left fore hoof measurements were taken: toe length, solar length and hoof width. Total length and width were calculated as a hoof solar size measure. On the basis of the parameters obtained, nine fore hoof to body dimension ratios were defined. To evaluate the results, least squares means analysis was used and correlation coefficients between body parameters (1), between hoof parameters (2), as well as between body and hoof parameters (3) were identified. The results show the hoof to body dimension ratios grow according to the increasing canzon circumference to height at withers ratio. The hoof width to chest circumference ratio was found to be a useful parameter of the hoof size. The means (%) obtained (5.93±0.10, 6.41±0.08, 6.56±0.11 and 7.26±0.09 in Purebred Arabian, Anglo-Arabian, Polish Konik and Polish Cold-Blood horses,respectively) are suggested as standards to which individual ratios in mares of similar breeds May be compared judging the horse’s conformation. The age hardly affected the hoof solar size to height at withers ratio in mares four to nine years old.

9

Why are shrews so small? The costs and benefits of small size in Northern temperate Sorex species in the context of foraging habits and prey supply

75%

Churchfield S.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

|

2002

|

tom 47

|

nr 1

EN

This paper reviews the ecological advantages and disadvantages of very small body size in Sorex Linnaeus, 1758 shrews living at high latitudes with cold winters. It examines the feeding and foraging habits of small and large shrews in the context of prey supply, location of winter prey sources, territory requirements, habitat exploitation and inter-specific competition. Data on feeding habits and prey availability show that the major costs of small size are a reduction in food niche breadth and prey biomass resulting from restrictions on the type and size of prey eaten, and large territory requirements. Major benefits of small size are the ability to subsist on small, numerous and accessible arthropods with high encounter rates, enabling coexistence with larger congeners and exploitation of low-productivity habitats less suitable for larger earthworm-eating species. Small size, coupled with low per capita food intake, is shown to be of special adaptive value in cold winters when food supply is restricted mostly to small arthropods, and earthworms are few.

10

Potential rate of reproduction for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp.

75%

Dzierzbicka-Glowacka L. , Zielinski A.

Oceanologia

|

2004

|

tom 46

|

nr 1

EN

Quantitative expressions are presented describing the potential reproductive rate per individual female of Pseudocalanus spp. in several different waters (not reduced by food limitation) as a function of both temperature and cephalothorax length of females (one equation for each studied region). The calculations were made for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp. from southwest Baffin Island, Nova Scotia, Long Island Sound, Scotland, as well as the southern North Sea and its adjacent waters (e.g. the English Channel). On the basis of the findings presented in this work and from other studies, the reproductive rate was computed as the mean number of eggs per sac divided by 1.25 times the embryonic duration at the given temperature. Also computed was the amount of egg matter produced per day as a percentage of body carbon (and dry weight) of female weight for all localities. The relationships for females from the southern North Sea were obtained for ‘viable eggs’, but they should be treated with reserve. A more suitable expression describing egg production in the southern North Sea is the equation for females from the English Channel obtained here. Our assumptions and approximations appear to predict quite well the temperature-length of female dependent daily rates of egg production of well-fed females of Pseudocalanus spp. for the above waters, and we suggest that they can be used to test the hypothesis more thoroughly.

11

Mechanical Work and Long-Distance Performance Prediction: the Influence of Allometric Scaling

71%

Peikriszwili Tartaruga M. , Brisswalter J. , Mota C. B. , Alberton C. L. , Gomeñuka N. A. , Peyré-Tartaruga L. A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2013

|

tom 38

73-82

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of allometric scaling on the relationship between mechanical work and long-distance running performance in recreational runners. Fourteen recreational long-distance runners (male, mean ± SD - age: 29 ± 7 years; body mass: 70.0 ± 10.2 kg; body height: 1.71 ± 0.07 m; maximal oxygen uptake: VO2max 52.0 ± 4.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed two tests: a continuous incremental test to volitional exhaustion in order to determine VO2max, and a 6-minute running submaximal test at 3.1 m·s-1, during which segments in the sagittal plane were recorded using a digital camera and the internal (Wint), external (Wext) and total (Wtot) mechanic work, in J.kg-1·m-1, was subsequently calculated. The results indicated a significant correlation between mechanical work and performance, however, the strongest correlations were observed when allometric exponents were used (respectively for Wint, Wext and Wtot; non allometric vs. allometric scaling defined by literature (0.75) or determined mathematically (0.49): r = 0.38 vs. r = 0.44 and r = 0.50; r = 0.80 vs. r = 0.83 and r = 0.82; r = 0.70 vs. r = 0.77 and r = 0.78). These results indicate that mechanical work could be used as a predictor of recreational long-distance performance and an allometric model may improve this prediction.

12

Body size distribution of spider species in various forest habitats

63%

Stanska M. , Stanski T.

|

2017

|

tom 65

|

nr 4

EN

The body size is one of the main attributes of living organisms. The knowledge of body size patterns of co-occurring species and the related factors can contribute to the understanding of many ecological processes. The aim of the study was the analysis of the distribution of the spider species of different size in heterogeneous forest habitats: ground, herbaceous vegetation, tree trunks and leaves. The research was conducted in deciduous stands of the Białowieża Forest (eastern Poland). Spiders were collected by: a) pitfall traps and sieving the litter through an entomological sieve for the ground layer; b) sweep-netting for herbaceous vegetation; c) bark traps for tree trunks and d) shaking the branches of trees and shrubs for leaves. In total, 247 spider species belonging to 22 families were recorded: 195 species in the ground layer, 122 in herbaceous vegetation, 60 on trunks, and 48 on leaves. The analysis revealed that ground layer was inhabited by the small sized species (mean 5.2 ± 0.11 mm) while larger species inhabited herbaceous vegetation (mean 6.6 ± 0.26 mm), trunks (7.2 ± 0.20 mm) and leaves (6.8 ± 0.41 mm). Moreover, the mean species body size decreased with the increasing number of collected species. Several potential mechanisms are discussed as those determining the preference of various sized spider species in particular habitats like different microclimatic conditions, the nutritional quality of prey and predation. Moreover, the very likely reason of differences in the size of spider species between the ground layer and other habitats is the most complex structure of the former habitat.

13

On some problems of reproduction of ruff, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L., 1758) in the Lake Dabie

63%

Neja Z.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

|

1988

|

tom 18

|

nr 2

14

Genetic parameters and factors affecting body size and fur traits in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

63%

Zaton-Dobrowolska M. , Mucha A. , Wierzbicki H. , Przysiecki P.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry

|

2011

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

15

Clutch size variation in agile frog Rana dalmatina on post-mining areas

63%

Solsky M. , Smolova D. , Dolezalova J. , Sebkova K. , Vojar J.

|

nr 4

EN

Clutch size is an important life history trait in amphibians, and it varies among and within species, populations and individuals. Within a population, its variation has been attributed to a positive relationship between females’ age or size and their fecundity as well as to spatio-temporal differences in environmental conditions. Therefore, clutch size has been shown to be both spatially and seasonally variable. We examined spatial and seasonal clutch size variation based upon two years of study involving 160 clutches of the Agile Frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 in 14 ponds within one spoil bank in the Czech Republic’s North Bohemian brown coal basin. The overall mean clutch size was 1295 (SD 596), which is one of the largest that has been reported. However, both clutch size and its variance differed considerably between the years. Clutch size also varied among the ponds. We found no relationship between clutch size and the distance of a breeding pond from alluvial forest, a typical wintering habitat. Despite existence at the site of many suitable reproduction habitats, the spoil bank does not offer the complex of all habitats needed for persistence of the R. dalmatina population. To protect that population, it is necessary to preserve not only breeding ponds on the spoil bank but also alluvial forest and, most importantly, the connectivity between these two crucial habitats.

16

Differences in troglomorphism and sexual dimorphism in two sympatric subtroglophile crickets of genus Troglophilus (Insecta: Orthoptera)

63%

Jugovic J. , Sumer N.

|

2021

|

tom 69

|

nr 1

17

Redescription of Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965 (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on eleven fish species from Chamela Bay in the Mexican Pacific

63%

Morales-Serna F. N. , Hernandez-Inda Z. L. , Gomez S. , Leon G. P.-P.

Acta Parasitologica

|

2013

|

tom 58

|

nr 3

EN

Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965 (Copepoda: Caligidae), a parasite on 11 fish species caught in Chamela Bay off the Pacific Coast of Mexico, is redescribed based on material found on Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876). Caligus serratus can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: i) short abdomen (approximately 0.2 times as long as cephalothorax), ii) pointed posteromedial process on the first segment of the antenna, iii) sternal furca with bluntly pointed, diverging tines, and iv) leg 4 exopod bearing 3 unequal, distal spines (the shortest 0.2 times the length of the longest). Microphotographs of female and illustrations of both female and male are provided. The redescription of this species might be useful given its low host specificity.

18

Tissue metabolism in the common shrew and the bank vole

63%

Malzahn E.

Acta Theriologica

|

1974

|

tom 19

|

nr 14-25

19

Redescription of Dexiotricha colpidiopsis (Kahl, 1926) Jankowski, 1964 (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) from a hot spring in Iceland with identification key for Dexiotricha species

63%

Qu Z. , Groben R. , Marteinsson V. , Agatha S. , Filker S. , Stoeck T.

Acta Protozoologica

|

2018

|

tom 57

|

nr 2

20

Age-related relationship between annual productivity and body size of trees: testing the metabolic theory

63%

Cheng D. L. , Wang G.-X. , Zhong Q.-L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

tom 57

|

nr 3

441-449

EN

Metabolic theory of ecology predicts a 3/4 power relationship between annual productivity PT and body size MT (i.e., P ∞ M3/4), which has important implications to estimates of carbon fluxes, ecosystem health, global carbon budgets, and a variety of other phenomena. To test this prediction, we examined a large dataset for Chinese forests. Such dataset covers six major forest biomes and a total of 17 forest types grown across a range of annual temperature (–6.6 to 25.2ºC), mean annual rainfall (27 to 2989 mm), elevation (10 to 4240 m a.s.l.), and stand age (3 to 350 yrs.). Reduced major axis (RMA) regression analyses were used to compare the PT versus MT scaling exponents and normalization constants (i.e., slopes and Y-intercepts of log-log linear relationships, respectively). Comparisons were made for ten different age-sequences (stand age ranges from 20 to 200 yrs). When stand age was less than 100 yrs, relationship of PT versus MT had similar scaling exponents (αRMA » 1.0), while the Y-intercepts decreased systematically. When stand age exceeded 140 yrs, scaling exponents decreased (αRMA <0.86). Both the aboveground annual productivity and aboveground body size per individual tree (PA and MA, respectively) showed the same behavior. We therefore conclude that the relationship of PT versus MT systematically declined with the stand age, and was inconsistent with the predictions of metabolic theory