Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem in Female Students Aged 9-15: the Effects of Age, Family Income, Body Mass Index Levels and Dance Practice

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Monteiro L. A. , Novaes J. S. , Santos M. L. , Fernandes H. M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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tom 43

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nr 1

25-32

EN

This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, family income, body mass index and dance practice on levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students. The sample consisted of 283 female subjects attending a public school with a mean age of 11.51±1.60 years and a mean body mass index of 18.72 kg/m2 (SD=3.32). The instruments used were the Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both of which showed good internal consistency (0.77 and 0.81, respectively). The tests were applied (two-factor ANOVA) to compare the students practicing and those not practicing dance; the differences in the levels of body dissatisfaction (p=0.104) and self-esteem (p=0.09) were considered significant. The results demonstrated that age negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r=-0.19; p<0.01) and that higher body mass index levels were associated with greater body dissatisfaction (r=0.15, p=0.016) and lower levels of self-esteem (r=-0.17, p<0.01) only in non-practitioners. The practice of dance had a significant effect on levels of body dissatisfaction (F=4.79; p=0.030; η2=0.02), but there was no significant difference in self-esteem (F=1.88; p=0.172; η2=0.02). It can be concluded that female children and adolescents practicing dance have higher self-esteem, and are more satisfied with their body weight and their appearance. Moreover, results showed that self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were influenced by the body mass index levels only in the nonpractitioners group.

2

Ocena nasilenia objawów syndromu gotowości anorektycznej u młodych kobiet – badania pilotażowe

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Brytek-Matera A. , Rybicka-Klimczyk A.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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nr 12/2

23-36

EN

The purpose was to determine symptoms of anorexia readiness syndrome and examine the relationship between our groups of variables in young women (without eating disorders). Method: 24 women with anorexia readiness syndrome and 55 healthy female students were participated in the present study. We used the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Body Dissatisfaction Scale, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Sociocultural Attitudes Appearance Questionnaire. Results: Within female anorexia readiness syndrome, the strongest correlation was observed between actual–ideal self-discrepancy and actual–ought discrepancy (r=0,970; p<0,001) as well as between actual self and ought self (r=0,909; p<0,001). A high degree of correlation between actual self and actual–ideal self-discrepancy (r=0,821; p<0,001) and between actual self and actual–ought discrepancy (r=0,832; p<0,001) was also noticed. Body dissatisfaction, internalisation of the thinness ideal, diet, social pressure to be thin, oral control and actual-ought discrepancy predict anorexia readiness syndrome in women without eating disorders. Conclusion: Anorexia readiness syndrome is strongly related to body-oriented response and self-discrepancies.

3

Correlates of Body Image in Polish Weight Trainers

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Guszkowska M. , Maziarczyk T. , Piłsudski J.

Human Movement

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2015

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tom 16

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nr 2

88-94

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics. Methods. The study included 176 males aged 18-31 years with 1-14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered. Results. Approximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (M = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; M = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (M = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body. Conclusions. Men regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.

4

Poruchy příjmu potravy : vztah k imaginaci a závislosti na poli

89%

Léblová P.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2010

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tom 4

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nr 3

1-12

EN

The research target was to find out whether there are some differences in the level of creative imagination among patients with eating disorders and a comparison (non-clinical) group. Another aim was to use the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) as a measure for suggestibility/hypnotic susceptibility which were put in the context of cognitive style field dependence – independence. There are some hypotheses tested which concern differences in the field dependence between patients with eating disorders and the comparison group. Research was attended by 46 girls and women with eating disorder diagnoses at the age between 14 - 48 years and 46 girls and women from non-clinical population at the age between 16 - 33 years. We used CIS to examine the level of creative imagination and Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) to identify field dependence – independence. Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was presented to distinguish between patients with eating disorders and the comparison group and the body image issues have been recovered by Stunkard silhouette test. The results reflect that there are no demonstrable differences in the level of creative imagination between the group with eating disorders and the comparison (non-clinical) group. It was found that people with eating disorders are significantly more field dependent than the comparison group (p < 0,01) and it was also found that there is a greater field dependence of people with inadequate body image.

CS

Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, zda existují rozdíly v úrovni kreativní imaginace mezi osobami s poruchami příjmu potravy a porovnávací (neklinickou) skupinou. Dalším cílem bylo vyuţít škály Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) jako měřítka sugestibility/hypnability, které byly dány do kontextu s kognitivním stylem závislost – nezávislost na poli. Dále byl výzkum zaměřen na rozdíly v míře závislosti na poli mezi osobami s poruchami příjmu potravy a porovnávací skupinou. Do studie bylo vybráno 46 dívek a ţen s jednou z diagnóz ze spektra poruch příjmu potravy ve věku 14 – 48 let a 46 dívek a ţen z neklinické populace ve věku 16 – 33 let. Ke zjištění úrovně kreativní imaginace byla pouţita škála CIS a závislost – nezávislost na poli byla určována pomocí testu Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Jako externí kritérium odlišení pacientek s poruchami příjmu potravy od porovnávací skupiny byl administrován Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) a pro zmapování problematiky body image byl vyuţit Test siluet postav dle Stunkarda. Bylo zjištěno, ţe neexistují prokazatelné rozdíly v úrovni kreativní imaginace mezi osobami s poruchami příjmu potravy a porovnávací (neklinickou) skupinou. Dále bylo prokázáno, ţe osoby s poruchami příjmu potravy jsou signifikantně více závislé na poli neţ porovnávací skupina (p < 0,01) a byla také nalezena větší závislost na poli u osob s neadekvátním body image.

5

Prediktory nespokojenosti s tělem a souvislost s depresí v adolescenci

89%

Rašticová M.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2009

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tom 3

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nr 1

30-42

EN

An interest of body as a psychological phenomenon is growing. Body perception and body satisfaction is one of important factors of self-conception and self-esteem. A discrepancy between the real and ideal body can cause pathological eating patterns, excessive exercises or even depression. The first part of the study summarizes some of the existing knowledge regarding individual, socio-cultural, and family related factors contributing on body image dissatisfaction. Especially, the results dealing with psychological factors, personality factors, the role of gender, gender role identification, the influence of peers, media, and family are discussed. The second part of the study focuses on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Gender intensification theory, Hankin’s conceptual models involving stressors as an explanation for the sex difference in depression: the mediational – stress exposure model and moderational – stress reactivity model, the conception of Nolen-Hoeksama and Girgus, and the magnitude of the emotional bond between parents and kids as an important buffer enabling the positive perception of body are mentioned.

CS

Zájem o tělo jako psychologický fenomén narůstá. Vnímání vlastního těla a spokojenost s ním jsou, jak vyplývá z řady výzkumných zjištění, významným faktorem sebepojetí a sebehodnocení. Diskrepance mezi reálným a ideálním tělem může vést např. k patologickým stravovacím návykům nebo excesivnímu cvičení, taktéž byla prokázána souvislost s depresí. První část předkládané studie shrnuje dosavadní výzkumné poznatky v oblasti faktorů individuálních, sociokulturních a faktorů souvisejících s rodinnými vztahy, které se podílejí na vzniku nespokojenosti s tělem. Především jsou diskutovány výsledky výzkumů zaměřených na psychologické a osobnostní faktory, roli genderu, přijetí genderové role, vliv vrstevníků a médií a vliv rodiny, který významně ovlivňuje vznik a výskyt nespokojenosti s tělem u adolescentů. Druhá část studie je zaměřena na souvislost mezi nespokojeností s tělem a výskytem depresivní symptomatologie v adolescenci. Je zmíněna teorie zesílení genderové socializace, Hankinovy konceptuální modely zahrnující stresory jako příčinu rozdílů v depresivitě mezi adolescentními dívkami a chlapci - mediační model (mediational – stress exposure model) a moderační model reakce na zátěžové situace (moderational – stress reactivity model), koncepci Nolen-Hoeksema a Girguse a význam citového pouta mezi rodiči a dětmi jako významného „nárazníku“ umožňujícího pozitivní percepci a hodnocení vlastního těla.

6

Participation in Medical Tourism versus Physical Activity of Patients after Liposuction: What are the Concerns about Health and Quality of Life?

88%

Lubowiecki-Vikuk A.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2016

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tom 69

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nr 1

29-42

EN

Nowadays, the act of taking care of one’s appearance has become a marker of a healthy lifestyle among both women and (mostly metrosexual) men. Physical activity plays a minor role, and tourist trips are more and more frequently combined with the consumption of medical services, including surgery and aesthetic dermatology. The aim of this study is to explain the phenomenon of medical tourism, particularly the specialized category of medical tourism for liposuction treatments, and its relation to the values of physical culture. The work is theoretical; it is supplemented by references to the presented issues in the form of a case study of “lipotourism” and its participants. As a result, the profile of a medical tourist has been identified against which a “lipotourist” constitutes an inimitable case. It seems that although the purpose for the travels of such a tourist is recognized, it still remains a matter of conjecture in terms of experience and behavior. To prove the thesis that participating in tourism for medical reasons can affect one’s quality of life, certain conditions must be met: 1. The applied treatment must not cause (permanent) damage to the patient’s health; 2. Liposuction must be treated exclusively as an (invasive) aesthetic surgery and not as a method of weight reduction; 3. Regular physical activity and a healthy diet and lifestyle must be included in the process of body shaping, and 4. Health and physical education must be treated as superior values of quality of life. The existing considerations should only be regarded as preliminary.

7

Self-efficacy, self-esteem and body image as psychological determinants of 15-year-old adolescents’ physical activity levels

88%

Kołoło H. , Guszkowska M. , Mazur J. , Dzielska A.

Human Movement

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 3

264-270

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyze which psychological factors can determine the physical activity levels of 15-yearold adolescents. The psychological factors examined were self-efficacy, physical self-esteem (body weight and body appearance) and body image. A multifactorial perspective based on a socioecological approach as well as Bandura’s social learning theory was used to clarify the relationships between the determinants and physical activity levels. Methods. The study participants were 2277 15-year-old adolescents (1086 boys and 1191 girls). Selected questions and scales from HBS C’s international standard questionnaire were used, including the Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity index, the self perception of body weight and body appearance question, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Body Image Subscale. Results. It was found that over half of the Polish 15-year-old population featured an insufficient level of physical activity. Self-efficacy, body image and physical self-esteem of both body mass and body image were significant predictors of physical activity. The role of these predictors was found to be differentiated by gender. Conclusions. The physical activity levels of 15-year-old adolescents can be predicted by use of psychological variables.

8

Examining body image and its relationship to exercise motivation: An 18-week cardiovascular program for female initiates with overweight and obesity

88%

Pearson E. S. , Hall C. R.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2013

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tom 5

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nr 2

121-131

EN

Background: A healthy body image is related to better psychological well-being and can also impact one’s likelihood to engage in health promoting behaviours such as exercise. To date, there has been a paucity of research investigating the relationship between body image and Self-Determination Theory’s motivational regulations as a function of exercise participation. The purpose of this study was to examine these constructs over the course of an 18-week cardiovascular-based program for female initiates aged 18-45 with overweight and obesity. Material/Methods: Participants (n = 37; mean weight = 83.8 kg; mean waist circumference = 38.3 inches) were provided with a personalized exercise program and asked to complete the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2 at four different time-points (i.e., baseline and every six weeks). Results: Significant improvements to body image constructs were observed over time indicating that feelings of satisfaction with aspects of appearance, as well as physical attractiveness were enhanced (e.g., Appearance Evaluation, p<0.001, η2 = 0.59). Participants also felt increasingly invested in being physically fit up to week 12 of the program (e.g., Fitness Orientation, p<0.01, η2= 0.19). Significant relationships were observed between appearance-related body image and the more self-determined forms of exercise motivation (e.g., Body Areas Satisfaction and Intrinsic Regulation, r= 0.50, p= 0.001). Conclusions: Implications of focusing on these variables within physical activity interventions are discussed and underscore the important role that body satisfaction plays with respect to exercise motivation in this particular population.

9

Body Ego and Trauma as Correlates of Comfort in the Physical Proximity of Others

88%

Sakson–Obada O.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2014

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tom 45

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nr 1

92-100

EN

The purpose of the study was to investigate the associations between comfort in the physical proximity of others and interpersonal trauma and body ego. Comfort in the physical proximity of others was measured using a self-report method, as well as by means of a procedure where the experimenter initiated interpersonal touch. The results show that comfort in the physical proximity of others (based on self-report) was associated with four types of trauma (emotional, physical or sexual abuse and emotional neglect) as well as with all aspects of dysfunctional body ego (e.g. disrupted perception, problems with interpreting and regulating physical states). Defying expectations, the types of trauma studied did not differentiate individuals experiencing comfort from those experiencing discomfort, in an experimental setting of being touched. As predicted, both groups differed in all aspects of body ego. Moreover body ego proved to be a mediator between trauma and comfort in the physical proximity of others (self-report measure).

10

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Nutritional Status in Adolescents

88%

Pelegrini A. , Petroski E.

Human Movement

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

51-57

EN

Purpose. This study analyzes the association between body dissatisfaction and nutritional status in adolescents. Basic Procedures. The study enrolled 234 boys and 442 girls. Information was collected on body image and anthropometry performed. Nutritional status was stratified into two categories: healthy (BMI: 18.5-25.0 kg/m2) and unhealthy (BMI: <18.5 and >25.0 kg/m2). Body image was coded as satisfied and dissatisfied. Main findings. It was found that 65.5% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their body image. While the girls wished to reduce their body silhouettes (48.4%), the boys wished to increase in size (51.3%). Unhealthy nutritional status was only associated with body dissatisfaction among the girls (95%CI = 1.35-3.43). Overweight girls were 11 times more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies than normal weight girls. Conclusions. Nutritional status was a determinant factor for body dissatisfaction, primarily among female adolescents, since those whose nutritional status was unhealthy had different levels of dissatisfaction from those with healthy BMI.

11

Znaczenia nadawane otyłości. Analiza treści zawartych w czasopiśmie „super linia” przeznaczonym dla osób zainteresowanych redukcją masy ciała

75%

Maj A.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2016

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tom 17

297-312

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy dwóch wybranych roczników czasopisma „Super Linia”: z 1995 i 2015 roku. Poddano je analizie ilościowej i jakościowej, skupiając się szczególnie na tym, jakie zagadnienia dotyczące otyłości poruszane były w wybranych rocznikach, oraz jakie znaczenia nadawano otyłości, pisząc o niej w trzech kontekstach: społecznym, estetycznym i medycznym. Porównanie wykazało, że zestaw zagadnień poruszanych na łamach czasopisma nie uległ znaczącym przemianom w wydaniach z 2015 roku w porównaniu z tymi z 1995. Natomiast znaczenia nadawane otyłości w największym stopniu zmieniły się w obszarze społecznego aspektu cielesności osób z nadwagą.

EN

The article presents the results of the contents analysis of a magazine addressed to people potentially interested in reduction of their body weight. The subject of the analysis were two annual editions of “Super Linia” magazine, issued in 1995 and 2015. The methods of quantitative and qualitative content analyses were used. The main focus of the analyses were the kinds of issues raised in the two chosen annual editions as well as the meanings assigned to obesity in three chosen contexts: social, aesthetic and medical. The comparison of the two annual editions has shown, that the range of issues raised in the magazine has not changed significantly in 2015 in comparison to 1995. The meanings assigned to obesity have changed to the greatest extent when presenting obesity in the social context.

12

Zachowania autoagresywne a obraz własnego ciała u kobiet z zaburzeniami odżywiania

75%

Mioduchowska-Zienkiewicz A.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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nr 15/1

45-62

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the phenomena of eating disorders, body image and autoaggressive behaviour and to attempt to present the relationship between these variables in women with eating disorders. The study group (clinical) in the project consisted of 25 women diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia, while the control group contained30 healthy women. The research made use of the following methods: The Body Self Questionnaire (J-C Scale) by Beata Mirucka and the Inventory of the Psychological Aggression Syndrome (IPSA-II) by Zbigniew B. Gaś. The analysis of the results showed that women with anorexia and bulimia, had higher autoaggressive tendencies compared to healthy women. In addition, in the study group the disturbed body image significantly correlated with the increased autoaggressive behavior. The obtained results are discussed in the context of the existing research findings and theories.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zjawiska zaburzeń odżywiania się, obrazu własnego ciała i zachowań autoagresywnych, a także próba przedstawienia zależności między tymi zmiennymi u kobiet z zaburzeniami ożywiania się. Grupę badawczą (kliniczną) w projekcje stanowiło 25 kobiet ze zdiagnozowaną anoreksją lub bulimią, grupę kontrolną zaś – 30 kobiet zdrowych. Do badań wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Ja cielesnego (Skala J-C) Beaty Miruckiej oraz Inwentarz psychologicznego syndromu agresji (IPSA-II) Zbigniewa B. Gasia. Analiza uzyskanych wyników pokazuje, że kobiety z anoreksją i bulimią, w porównaniu do kobiet zdrowych, przejawiają większe tendencje autoagresywne. Ponadto w grupie badawczej niewłaściwy wizerunek ciała istotnie koreluje z nasileniem autoagresji. Uzyskane rezultaty przedyskutowano w świetle dotychczasowych wyników badań i teorii.

13

Prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among brazilian early adolescents

75%

Martins C. R. , Carraça E. , Teixeira P. J. , Silva A. M. , Petroski E. L. P.

Human Movement

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2014

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tom 15

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nr 1

12-20

EN

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among Brazilian early adolescents. Methods. This was a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 526 girls between 11 and 14 years enrolled in thirteen public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was administered. Sociodemographic variables (age group, household head education, and socioeconomic status), sexual maturation (pubic hair growth, breast development, and menarche) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were collected. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and a confidence level of 95%. Results. The prevalence of body shape concerns was 24.1% (95% confidence interval - CI: 17.5-30.7). Adolescent girls aged 13-14 years (prevalence ratio - PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11; p = 0.02), with very high (PR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21-1.90; p = 0.004) and high %BF (PR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32; p = 0.004), and those girls showing risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia (PR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.59; p = 0.01) were more concerned with their body image. Conclusions. The prevalence of body shape concerns among Brazilian girls was considerable and was associated with age, %BF, and risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia. This study highlights the importance of screening for body image concerns in schools, preventing the adoption of unhealthy body weight ideals, and the development of excessive body shape concerns in this population.

14

Obraz ciała, stres i samoregulacja u osób uprawiających fitness w wieku późnej adolescencji i wczesnej dorosłości

75%

Schiep S. , Szymańska A.

|

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the link between body image, self-regulation and stress in late adolescence and early adulthood on the basis of Personality Systems Interaction Theory by J. Kuhl. The subjects of the study were people attending fi tness clubs and gyms (N = 29) and those who did not pursue any physical activity (N = 29). Body image was assessed by means of the “body and self-esteem” scale from the Eating Disorder Cognition Questionnaire (FEDK, Legenbauer, Vocks, and Schütt-Strömel, 2007), self-regulation was assessed by means of the Action Control Scale (ASC 90, Kuhl, 1994a; 2001), and stress bymeans of the “demands” and “threats” scales from the Volitional Component Questionnaire (Kuhl, Furmann, 1998). Analyzes showed that there are no differences between adolescents and young adults in body image, self regulation, and stress level. It was found that the physically active group has a negative body image in comparison with the physically inactive group. However, there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction, state orientation subsequent to failure, and stress (demands). A mediation analysis additionally showed that stress was an important mediator between action control and body image.

15

Piękno starzejącego się ciała: oczywisty czy pozorny wymiar wartości społecznych?

63%

Bieńko M. , Katedra Studiów Rodziny i Patologii Społecznej I. S. N. S. , mariola.bienko@gmail.com

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tom 55

PL

Celem artykułu jest przegląd teorii i badań empirycznych, dotyczących problematyki społecznego oraz subiektywnego obrazu ciała w procesie starzenia. W sferze publicznej panuje powszechne przekonanie, że wraz z wiekiem obniża się atrakcyjność, a według stereotypu starzy ludzie postrzegani są jako „brzydcy”. Wobec wyzwania, jakim jest starość, seniorzy dążą do utrzymania pozytywnej oceny swojej fizyczności, zarówno w dziedzinie wyglądu, jak i zdrowia. Nowe pokolenia kończące sześćdziesiąty rok życia ucieleśniają zmiany, wyrażające się w postaci dyskretnego wzrostu wydatków, wyższego poziomu aktywności fizycznej, przywiązywania większej wagi do reżimu diety i kondycji fizycznej oraz częstszego szukania pomocy w obszarze kosmetycznych i odmładzających technologii. Przeprowadzone analizy wskazały na to, że efekty naturalnego procesu starzenia podlegają społecznej stygmatyzacji. We współczesnym zachodnim społeczeństwie obsesja na punkcie młodzieńczego, pięknego wyglądu stała się powszechna, a jej rezultatem są procedury zmierzające do odwrócenia procesu starzenia. Potrzeba estetyzacji ciał i medialne epatowanie pięknem cenzurują starość w wymiarze cielesnym. W artykule szczególną uwagę poświęcono zagadnieniom zróżnicowania płciowego w kontekście starości. O ile można znaleźć liczne przykłady mężczyzn, będących bohaterami kultury masowej, którym „pozwolono” się zestarzeć, o tyle w przypadku kobiet obowiązkowe jest bycie „wiecznie młodą”.

EN

The purpose of this paper is to review theory and empirical research concerned with the problem of social and subjective body image among the elderly. There is a common perception among the public that age reduces attractiveness and older people tend to be stereotyped as “ugly”. Given the challenges of aging, older individuals strive to maintain positive evaluation of their physical selves both in domain of appearance and health. As newer cohorts of “over sixties” replace older cohorts, changes have become embodied in through increased levels of discretionary spending, greater levels of physical activity, more attention to diet and fitness regimes, more frequent recourse to cosmetic and rejuvenative technologies. The analysis has shown that there is a social stigma around the effects of the natural ageing process. Obsession with a youthful and beautiful appearance has become commonplace in modern western society and has resulted in procedures trying to reverse the aging process. The need for aeastheticization of bodies and media fixation on beauty functions as censorship of old age in the physical realm. Special attention was given the gender-related differences in aging. As there are examples of men presented in mass culture who were “allowed” to get old, in the case of women it is obligatory to be “forever young”.

16

Obraz ciała a przekonanie o własnej skuteczności u sportowców i aktorów teatralnych

63%

Kolańska M.

Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe

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2016

|

nr 2

115-130

PL

Obraz własnego ciała stanowi istotny element samooceny człowieka, który może wpływać na podejmowane przez niego działania. Świadomość funkcjonowania, jak i wyglądu własnego ciała zdaje się odgrywać znaczącą rolę dla ludzi wykonujących m.in. pracę sportowca, prezentera telewizyjnego czy aktora. Sportowcy traktują swoje ciało bardziej w kategoriach narzędzia pracy, dzięki któremu mogą osiągnąć wyniki sportowe, co stanowi ich główny cel. Natomiast aktorzy wykorzystują swoje ciało jako środek przekazu komunikatu, emocji, pragnień na scenie. Przebadano 80 osób (40 aktorów i 40 sportowców) obydwu płci. Analiza wyników pozwoliła wykazać istotne różnice w ocenie obrazu ciała oraz przekonania o własnej skuteczności u kobiet obydwu profesji. Ponadto wskazano na korelacje między poszczególnymi komponentami obrazu ciała a własną skutecznością.

EN

Body image is an important element of human self-assessment, which may affect the actions taken by him. Awareness of functioning and image their own body seems to play a significant role for the people doing the work, among other things as a sportsman, television presenter and actor. Sportsmen treat their bodies more in a category work tools with which to achieve sports results, which is their main target. The actors use their body as a of communication, emotions, desires on the stage. The study of 80 people (40 actors and 40 sportsmen) of both sexes. Analysis of the results made it possible to show significant differences in the evaluation body image and self-efficacy in women of both professions. In addition, indicated in the the correlation between the individual components of body image and self-efficacy.

17

PTSD and psychosocial factors as determinants of the intensity of pain in chronic pain syndromes: research review

63%

Rzeszutek M.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

|

2014

|

tom 29

37-47

EN

The main goal of this article is to discuss the relationship between the level of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) and the intensity of pain in various groups of individuals who experience chronic pain syndromes. This work aims also at demonstrating the role of psychosocial factors, such as personality traits, dimensions of body image and social support aspects that affect the relationship between the level of PTSD symptoms and the intensity of chronic pain in chronic pain syndromes.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest omówienie związku pomiędzy poziomem objawów zaburzenia po stresie traumatycznym (ang. PTSD - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD) a nasileniem bólu w różnych zespołach przewlekłego bólu. Praca ta stawia sobie również za zadanie przybliżenie roli czynników psychospołecznych, takich jak cechy osobowości, wymiary obrazu ciała i właściwości wsparcia społecznego jako zmiennych modyfikujących relację pomiędzy poziomem objawów PTSD a nasileniem przewlekłego bólu w chronicznych zespołów bólowych.

18

Obraz ciała a aktywność fizyczna uczniów i studentów

63%

Dawood Al Sudani A. A. , Budzyńska K. , Sileńska A.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

|

2015

|

tom 48

151-155

EN

Background. Body image can be associated with doing sport and other physical activity. Moreover, both body image and physical activity are related with shaping the self-image. The aim of the study was to compare the relationships between the body image and physical activity in two groups of students: attending high school and university. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 49 students from a high school in Szczecin and 60 students of the University of Szczecin. The body image was determined using the Body Esteem Scale developed by Franzoi and Shields and adapted to Polish by Lipowski and Lipowska. To measure the physical activity we used a self-made Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results. There are some correlations between body image and physical activity in the research sample. Some differences between students from high school and university also occurred. Conclusions. The process of shaping the body image proceeds gradually. The results of the study should be considered as an introduction to further research.

19

Jakość życia chorych leczonych z powodu raka szyjki macicy w Rzeszowie

63%

Barnaś E. , Borowiec-Domka E. , Trawińska J. , Ciepiela I. , Raś R. , Pasierb D. , Skręt-Magierło J. , Skręt A.

Current Gynecologic Oncology

|

2013

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

183-190

EN

Introduction: In Poland, most cervical cancer cases are reported among women older than 20, however the highest incidence rate concerns the subpopulation of women between the ages of 45 and 60 (60%). Poland has one of the highest mortality rates in cervical cancer in Europe whereas the 5-year survival rate is low. These numbers result from late diagnosis when cancer is advanced. This situation finds a direct reflection in poor quality of life of patients with cervical cancer in Poland. Purpose: Evaluation of quality of life of women treated for cervical cancer. Material and methods: The study group included 59 women receiving therapy in the Gynecologic Oncology Clinic in Rzeszow (January and April 2012). The following standardized measuring tools were used: QLQ-C30, QLQ-CX24 EORTC. An appropriate consent was obtained from the EORTC group. Results: Physical functioning of patients with cervical cancer was quite good. Weakness and nausea were the two most frequent complaints, and their severity increased with the stage of disease. Emotional status of respondents correlated with the presence of symptoms and patient’s marital status. Younger women had significantly poorer perception of their body image. Only 30% of respondents were active sexually. Most patients were afraid of pain during sexual intercourses. Women with better financial status received higher scores when assessing their health status and quality of life. Conclusions: Women with cervical cancer should receive complex and multidisciplinary care from the beginning of therapy so they are prepared for coping with all consequences of their disease.

PL

Wstęp: Na raka szyjki macicy w Polsce chorują głównie kobiety po 20. roku życia, najwięcej z nich (60%) to osoby pomiędzy 45. a 60. rokiem życia. Polska znajduje się w czołówce krajów europejskich ze względu na wysoką liczbę zgonów i niski wskaźnik przeżyć pięcioletnich. Jest to niewątpliwie wynikiem rozpoznawania nowotworu w późnym stadium jego zaawansowania, co bezpośrednio przekłada się na obniżoną jakość życia chorych. Cel pracy: Ocena jakości życia kobiet leczonych z powodu raka szyjki macicy. Materiał i metoda: Badaniem objęto 59 chorych leczonych z powodu raka szyjki macicy na Oddziale Ginekologii Onkologicznej Podkarpackiego Centrum Onkologii w Rzeszowie od stycznia do kwietnia 2012 roku. Do badania wykorzystano standaryzowane kwestionariusze grupy EORTC: QLQ-C30 i QLQ-CX24 (za zgodą EORTC). Wyniki: Funkcjonowanie fizyczne chorych z rakiem szyjki macicy było dość dobre. Najczęstsze dolegliwości to osłabienie i nudności, których występowanie nasilało się wraz ze stopniem zaawansowania choroby. Stan emocjonalny chorych zależał od dolegliwości oraz stanu cywilnego badanych. Młodsze respondentki zdecydowanie gorzej postrzegały swoje ciało. Tylko 30% badanych było aktywnych seksualnie. Zdecydowana większość obawia się bolesności podczas stosunku. Kobiety z wyższym statusem materialnym lepiej oceniły swój stan zdrowia i jakość życia. Wnioski: Chore z nowotworem szyjki macicy, bez względu na rodzaj terapii, powinny być od początku objęte kompleksową interdyscyplinarną opieką, umożliwiającą przygotowanie ich do radzenia sobie z konsekwencjami choroby.

20

Świadomość ciała u dziewcząt z anoreksją

63%

Majewska P. , Boroń-Krupińska K. , Szczepańska-Gieracha J.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

|

2015

|

tom 49

42-50

EN

Background. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder consisting in weight loss caused intentionally by the patient. The condition mainly occurs in adolescent girls. Its core feature is body image disturbances which lead to psychopathological symptoms manifested as intrusive thoughts about weight gain. Material and methods. The aim of the study was to examine body image in the group of 17 girls suffering from anorexia nervosa treated in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Wroclaw. The average age of the sample was 15 years. Body image was analyzed using the self-assessment Body-Esteem Scale (based on Franzoi and Shields, 1984) and a questionnaire (developed by the authors) concerning the patient’s subjective assessment of the size and shape of their body, feelings and thoughts in relation to their own body, satisfaction with their appearance and whether they had any authorities. Results. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Most of the girls expressed a negative attitude to their own bodies and assessed the size of their silhouettes as much larger than they really are. Noted decreased satisfaction with the appearance of particular parts of the body such as the abdomen, buttocks, thighs while the respondents generally expressed a positive attitude to the appearance of their face. Conclusions. The study confirmed distorted body image in girls suffering from anorexia. The vast majority of respondents perceived their bodies bigger than they were, expressed a negative attitude to it and were not pleased with their body weight.