Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A Comparison of Anthropometry between Ironman Triathletes and Ultra-swimmers

100%

Knechtle B. , Baumann B. , Knechtle P. , Wirth A. , Rosemann T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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tom 24

57-64

EN

We intended to compare the anthropometry of male and female Ironman triathletes with the anthropometry of male and female ultra-swimmers. Body mass, body mass index and body fat were lower in both male and female triathletes compared to swimmers. Body height and length of limbs were no different between the two groups. In the multi-variate analysis, in male triathletes, body mass (p=0.015) and percent body fat (p=0.0003) were related to race time; percent body fat was also related to the swim split (p=0.0036). In male swimmers, length of the arm was related to race time (p=0.0089). In female triathletes and swimmers, none of the investigated anthropometric variables showed an association with race time. We concluded that Ironman triathletes and ultra-swimmers were different regarding anthropometry and that different anthropometric variables were related to race time. We assume that other factors, such as training and equipment, as opposed to anthropometry, may better predict race time in male and female Ironman triathletes.

2

Social distances decrease of body height and the maturation rate of Polish girls in urban and rural population in the period 1967–2009

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Łaska-Mierzejewska T. , Dobosz J. , Nowacka-Dobosz S. , Olszewska E. , Wilczewski A.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 3

281-299

EN

The aim of the study is to present social distances in biological development of youth in the period of changes in economic and political situation in Poland. Material and methods: 1. Nationwide study of children and adolescents aged 7.5 to 19.5 years started in 1979 and repeated every decade till 2009, 2. Survey conducted in the region of eastern Poland in 1987 and 2007, 3. Study of rural girls repeated four times between 1967 and 2001. The differences in body height and age at menarche between the inhabitants of towns and rural areas, as well as the differences between rural girls determined by diversified source of income for the family, will be presented. The age at menarche (AM) in each study was calculated using probit method. A monotonic decrease in body height differences between the inhabitants of towns, and girls living in rural areas was observed. On the basis of nationwide studies arithmetic means of the differences in terms of age were 1.9 cm in 1979 and 0.82 in 2009. At the same time, differences in the AM among girls in compared agglomerations decreased from 0.36 to 0.26, respectively. In eastern region of Poland the difference in body height between the residents of towns and villages in 1987 was 1.76 cm, and in 2007, only 0.38 cm; the difference of AM decreased from 0.41 to 0.14 years. The research conducted on inhabitants of rural areas has shown the earliest maturation and slightly greater body height for girls from landless families and the latest maturation and the smallest body height for the daughters of farmers. The differences in AM between the two groups decreased from 0.53 years in 1967 to 0.15 in 2001. The political transformation (1989) unequally influenced people on different levels of urbanization, different socio-professional groups and residents of various regions of the country, but was reflected in the results of anthropological research. The largest social advancement measured in terms of acceleration of maturation in the period covered by the research was characteristic for rural girls, especially the daughters of farmers.

3

Body Height of Adult Men Coming from the Pomerania Province in the Context of Gradients and Social Differences, Age and the Level of Physical Activity

88%

Wójtowicz E.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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tom 4

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nr 1

27-34

EN

Background: This paper attempts to answer the following question: are there any gradients and social differences in a group of adult men coming from Pomerania Province resulting from their biological condition - body height.Material/Methods: Opinion polls were conducted in the years 2000-2007 in a group of 893 men aged 37-78 years. The subjects are fathers of first-year students of full-time studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The questionnaire included open questions concerning the date and the place of birth, body height, education, performed job, social background and doing sport.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 6.0 software. For continuous variables, the normality of distributions was verified using Shapiro-Wilk's test. In cases of abnormal distributions, medians were used and the differences between them were tested using the Mann-Whitney test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation link between quantitative variables was estimated calculating the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. Changes of specific values of the feature into an appropriate rank were made when the distribution of the variable did not have a normal character.Results: The correlation between the level of physical activity and body height in the adult age does not reach the level of statistical relevance. The highest values of body height are achieved by younger men coming from cities who have the intelligentsia background with higher education and perform intellectual jobs.Conclusions: Differentiated body height is an anthropological reflection of still existing socioeconomic inequalities and still can be one of the anthropological methods of following social inequalities in a group of adult men coming from the Pomerania Province.

4

Measurement of Motor Fitness of Students Using the Rowing Ergometer

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Choszcz D. , Podstawski R. , Wysocka-Welanc M.

Human Movement

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 1

46-52

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model to determine correlations between selected somatic traits and indoor rowing test results over a distance of 500 m as well as differences in the level of motor fitness of students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Material and methods. The research was carried out on a group of 274 full-time UWM students with the aid of Concept II Indoor Rower. The analysis concerned the effects of students' body weight and body height, year of study and the time required to cover the distance of 500 m during an indoor rowing test. Analysis of variance and regression analysis with stepwise elimination of the polynomial degree and form were used. Results. Only 15 subjects (5.5% of the sample) achieved the highest level of motor fitness, i.e. covered the distance under 92.7 s. A mathematical model describing the effects of decisive variables on the dependent variable was a model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree. The exogenous variables were subjects' body height and body weight. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree can be useful for selection of individuals with predispositions to practice rowing at the academic and recreational levels. The proposed method of mathematical model development should be regarded as an algorithm for other, more versatile models involving additional variables.

5

Height loss with advancing age in a hospitalized population of Polish men and women: magnitude, pattern and associations with mortality

75%

Chmielewski P. , Borysławski K. , Chmielowiec K. , Chmielowiec J.

Anthropological Review

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2015

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tom 78

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nr 2

157-168

EN

The connection between the rate of height loss in older people and their general health status has been well documented in the medical literature. Our study was aimed at furthering the characterization of this interrelationship in the context of health indices and mortality in a hospitalized population of Polish adults. Data were collated from a literature review and from a longitudinal study of aging carried out in the Polish population which followed 142 physically healthy inmates, including 68 men and 74 women, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 onwards. Moreover, cross-sectional data were available from 225 inmates, including 113 men and 112 women. These subjects were confined at the same hospital. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were employed. The results indicate that the onset of height loss emerges in the fourth and five decade of life and there is a gradual acceleration of reduction of height at later stages of ontogeny in both sexes. Postmenopausal women experience a more rapid loss of height compared with men. The individuals who had higher rate of loss of height (≥3 cm/decade) tend to be at greater risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a systematic assessment of the rate of loss of height can be useful for clinicians caring for elderly people because of its prognostic value in terms of morbidity and mortality.

6

Morphological features and motor skills of girls practicing speed skating as well as volleyball and basketball

63%

Momola I.

Physiotherapy

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 2

56-62

PL

Celem opracowania jest porównanie rozwoju morfologicznego dziewcząt uprawiających koszykówkę, siatkówkę i łyżwiarstwo szybkie w sanockich klubach sportowych oraz ich sprawności fizycznej w oparciu o testy "Eurofit". Zawodniczki porównano z populacją polską i krakowską. Celem badań było też określenie współzależności pomiędzy mierzonymi parametrami. Badano 63 dziewczęta 11-letnie w latach 2006-2007. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji, korelacji prostoliniowej, analizy głównych składowych. Wysokość i masa ciała łyżwiarek, siatkarek i koszykarek mieszczą się w normie rozwojowej. Zawodniczki osiągnęły korzystniejsze wyniki w większości prób sprawności fizycznej niż ich krakowskie rówieśniczki i dziewczęta z próby ogólnopolskiej.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare morphological development and physical fitness of the girls training basketball, volleyball and speed skating in sports clubs in Sanok on the basis of "Eurofit" tests and to determine correlations between the examined parameters. The research results were compared with the centile charts of the girls tested nationwide and in Krakow. The test group consisted of 63 girls aged 11 and the study was carried out in 2006 and 2007. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis including one-way ANOVA, linear correlation analysis and principal components analysis. Body height and mass in speed skaters, basketball players and volleyball players are within the development norm. The players achieved higher results in most exercise tests than their peers from Krakow and the rest of the country.