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1
Content available remote Szybkie łączenie za pomocą wstrzeliwania wysokowytrzymałych gwoździ
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PL
W pracy zaprezentowano przykład praktycznej aplikacji technologii wytwarzania połączeń wykonanych w technologii wstrzeliwania łącznika. Określono możliwości przenoszenia sił przez złącze pojedyncze i podwójne dla miękkiego materiału blach ze stopu A1.
EN
This paper presents shortly the characteristics of new joining process with blowing the fastener, which is the hard steel nail. The joining process using commercially available manual blowing system has been discussed. The results of an experimental joining process for aluminum sheet metal EN AW-1050A of 2 mm thickness has been presented. The load carrying capacity of single and double joint has been tested with shearing strength test and single side tearing test.
EN
Based on the analysis of typical operating modes of modern high-speed trains and transport aircraft, the influence of various schemes of surface relief modification and blowing through it on aerodynamic drag has been thoroughly investigated. A set of several schemes of the combined effect of these two factors is proposed to create an easy-to-use, cheap-to-produce streamlined surface of the desired structure with a reliable and controllable effect of active influence on aerodynamic drag reduction. The potential effect of reducing aerodynamic drag has been verified by numerical and Particle Image Velocimetry experimental modeling. The proposed technological innovations are encouraging and relevant; by reducing energy costs, they increase the commercial and environmental attractiveness of their implementation.
EN
The methodology of efficiency analysis of turbulent flow modification by making permeable sections in the streamlined wing surface with the aim to reduce aerodynamic drag is the principal subject of the presented research. The numerical analysis of the effect of laterally and longitudinally located permeable sections on boundary-layer properties showed the following flow features: (1) the most effective place for permeable surface is an upwind side of the wing; (2) multi-sectional blowing can simply be organised as non-uniform (especially in the case of laterally arranged permeable sections) that brings additional flexibility to change the blowing intensity depending on flight mode and, first of all, on angle of attack; and (3) arrays of longitudinal permeable sections allow to intensify turbulent vortical structures exchange in the lateral direction and improve flow stability to stall. Moreover, due to creating the regular anisotropy of the boundary layer in the lateral direction, this modified blowing technique can potentially have some synergistic properties, which can give the additional benefit. All these effects are too delicate and their experimental study cannot be performed with the use of directed measurements of aerodynamic forces. The comparison of the obtained flow properties with the corresponding experimental data demonstrates an appropriate level of agreement.
PL
Celem badań była ocena wpływu poroforów fizycznych i chemicznych na właściwości jakości powierzchni i mechaniczne estetycznych wyprasek wtryskowych dla przemysłu samochodowego. Badania wykonano przy użyciu formy typu core-back pozwalającej na wykonanie wyprasek wtryskowych o grubości do 4 mm. W badaniach oceniono wpływ zawartości poroforu na strukturę wyprasek oraz odporność na test upadającej kulki. Wykazano znaczące zmniejszenie masy i gęstości wyprasek wtryskowych z poroforem, co może przyczynić się do obniżenia zużycia surowca, a tym samym mieć pozytywny aspekt ekologiczny i ekonomiczny. Otrzymana struktura porowata dzięki technologii formowania core-back charakteryzowała się jednolitą wielkością i rozmieszczeniem porów w rdzeniu wypraski wtryskowej. Wykazano również znaczące zmniejszenie odporności udarnościowej wyprasek porowatych oraz znaczący spadek ich walorów estetycznych
EN
The aim of the research was to assess the impact of physical and chemical blowing agents on the surface quality and mechanical properties of aesthetic injection moulded parts for the automotive industry. The tests were carried out using a core-back type mold that allows the production of injection moulded parts with a thickness of up to 4 mm. The tests evaluated the impact of the blowing agent content on the structure of the moulded parts and the resistance to the falling ball test. A significant decrease in the weight and density of injection moulded parts with a blowing agent was demonstrated, which may contribute to the reduction of raw material consumption and thus positive ecological and economic aspects of the method used. The obtained porous structure, due to the core-back moulding technology, was characterized by a uniform size and distribution of pores in the core of the injection moulding. A significant decrease in the impact resistance of porous moulded parts and a significant decrease in their aesthetic values were also demonstrated.
PL
Celem badań była ocena wpływu poroforu fizycznego na jakość powierzchni wyprasek wtryskowych z PP dla branży samochodowej przy użyciu symulacji komputerowej z zastosowaniem wtrysku kaskadowego. Wykazano zmniejszenie masy wyprasek wtryskowych oraz skrócenie czasu cyklu wtryskiwania. Zaobserwowano wytwarzanie się porów na powierzchni wyprasek podczas używania wtrysku sekwencyjnego w kaskadzie na skutek spadku ciśnienia w formie. Wykazano również znaczące zróżnicowanie wielkości i rozmieszczenia porów na skutek dodania do tworzywa napełniaczy.
EN
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the physical blowing agent on the surface aesthetics of PP injection moulded parts for the automotive industry using a computer simulation with the use of cascade injection. A decrease in the weight of injection moulded parts and a shortening of the injection cycle time were demonstrated. The formation of pores on the surface of moulded parts using sequential injection in cascade was observed due to the pressure drop in the mould. Significant differences in the size and arrangement of pores as a result of adding fillers to the material were also demonstrated.
EN
This article presents the essays and poems of Aleksandra Olędzka-Frybesowa, who was a renowned translator from French and also English. In her essays, Olędzka-Frybesowa specialises in the Romanesque and Gothic architecture and sculpture of Western Europe as well as European painting from Medieval Ages onwards. She is also familiar with the art of South-East Europe. Her essays cover literary criticism devoted especially to poetry, with a particular interest in French and mystical poetry, as well as haiku, which was also her own artistic activity. The author of this article analyses Olędzka-Frybesowa’s ten volumes of poems, which follow a thematic pattern, especially the theme of wind (air). The analysis provides various insights into a variety of functions of this particular theme, from reality-based meanings to mystical and ethical features. This variety of funtions of the wind theme is supported by a particular melody of the poem and its abundant use of metaphors.
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