Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Conceptualization of the Gene in Richard Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene

100%

Drogosz A.

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tom 6

75-84

EN

This paper investigates the conceptualization of the gene in the book The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins from the point of view of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Conceptual Blending Theory. It is argued that there are two senses of the gene: gene1 is a physically existing section of the DNA, gene2 is information about protein synthesis. It is the second sense of the concept of the gene that undergoes metaphorization. The analysis reveals that Dawkins’ gene is a conceptual blend which becomes extensively elaborated. Through elaboration the gene becomes personified on the one hand and deified on the other. The study shows the richness of Dawkins’ personification: the gene is conceptualized as building and controlling organisms, cooperating and competing with other genes, even showing personality traits. Deification of the gene is focused on highlighting its stipulated immortality and power to create organisms, humans included. The gene blend is at the same time used as an input space in the integration network producing the meme blend. It is also established that the personification of the gene plays the theory-constitutive role in the sense of Boyd (1993).

2

Transient texture synthesis based on multiple templates

100%

Saitoh T. , Sato M. , Kaneko T. , Kuriyama S.

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tom Vol. 12, No. 4

525-537

EN

Texture synthesis based upon a sample image or template has attracted much attention recently. This paper describes a new blending algorithm for synthesizing a transient texture based upon two or more templates that gives an impression of a gradual transition from one template to another. Based upon a pair combination out of four templates, we synthesize six transitional textures. Then, we shown that various blending patterns can be designed by controlling the blending ratio maps. Based upon investigations of unsuccessful results of blending, we derive some necessary conditions on the statistical properties of templates for the applicability of this synthesis method.

3

What is the Impact of Multimodality and Intersubjectivity on the English Humour?

88%

Jabłońska-Hood J.

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nr 52

83-92

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of my article is to demonstrate how the terms of multimodality and intersubjectivity function within the areana of English humour, specifically in reference to a chosen sitcom. To this means I shall employ the cognitive apparatus of conceptual integration theory, aka blending. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The presented research problem centres around the notions of intersubjectivity, i.e. the human ability to display a shared perception of reality with regard to members of their own community, as well as multimodality, i.e. the use of more than one sense for the purpose of meaning rendition. Both phenomena are studied here with regard to the English humour, whose explanation is based on a cognitive linguistic method of blending. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Having explained the term ‘English humour’, I then clarify intersubjectivity, multimodality and cognitive integration, which will serve here as the tools for the purpose of my humour analysis. Therein I intend to show how they interlink and how their roles influence the comprehension of English humour. RESEARCH RESULTS: The result of this argumentation is constituted by the fact that intersubjectivity and multimodality together with blending can greatly enhance the comprehension of the amusing contents within English comedy. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The analysis confirms that conceptual integration theory, as enriched by intersubjectivity and multimodality, provides a humour researcher with a concrete apparatus for measuring humour effects. However, further research is advocated into the process of blending, as accompanied by intersubjectivity and multimodality, with recourse to English humour as well as other types of humour, e.g. the Polish comedy, in order to provide contrastive evidence for these tools and their usefulness or effectiveness.

4

Pidżin zrodzony z żartu? Przypadek języka kraju San Escobar

75%

Badyda E.

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2021

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nr 1(23)

7-22

EN

The article analyzes onomastic material from the map of San Escobar, which was created on the Internet, with the intention of mockery, after a slip of the diplomat Witold Waszczykowski, who in January 2017 listed the non-existent state of San Escobar among the Caribbean countries, which was publicized by the media and released huge activity of Internet users. The author argues that the material reveals the framework of the satirically created fictional Escobar language, which fills the element of the conceptual structure of San Escobar, blended from the concepts of Poland, Latin America and fictional countries. The language revealed can be perceived as a pidgin based on Polish and Spanish.

5

PRZYGOTOWANIE DO PRZESTĘPSTWA PRANIA PIENIęDZY

38%

Suchowierski B.

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tom 19

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nr 3

131-154

EN

In a report addressed to Poland assessing Poland’s penalisation of money laundering the EU Moneyval Committee failed to take into account the diﬀerences between the Continental system of law and common law. Moneyval did not consider certain institutions in the general part of Polish Penal Code, either. As a result it issued a negative report, accusing Poland of failure to criminalise the preparatory stage of money laundering. In response to the report the Polish legislator criminalised the preparatory stage of the commission of money laundering, despite criticism from the Supreme Court and the Bureau of Research attached to the Chancellery of Sejm, justifying its move solely on the grounds of the Moneyval report. This article presents the international standard for the anti-money laundering system and shows that the Polish legal system is compatible with it. I show that Moneyval’s allegations were wrong, firstly because Moneyval misconstrued the international standard, and secondly because most cases of the initial phase of money laundering were punishable in Poland even before the penalisation of the preparatory stage. I also show that countries are not legally bound by Moneyval reports. I express a view that the Polish anti-money laundering system may have become less eﬀective due to the introduction of a special measure to penalise the preparatory stage of money laundering.

PL

Unijny Komitet Moneyval w ramach raportu skierowanego wobec Polski, oceniając kryminalizację prania pieniędzy w Polsce, nie uwzględnił różnic panujących między systemem prawa kontynentalnego a systemem common law oraz instytucji części ogólnej polskiego k.k. Wynikiem tego był negatywny raport zarzucający brak kryminalizacji przygotowania do prania pieniędzy. W odpowiedzi na ten raport, ustawodawca pomimo krytyki płynącej ze strony Sądu Najwyższego i Biura Analiz Sejmowych spenalizował formę stadialną przygotowania do prania pieniędzy, uzasadniając to wyłącznie raportem Moneyval. W artykule odtworzono międzynarodowy standard przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy oraz wykazano, że Polski system prawny w pełni jemu odpowiada. Dowiedziono, że zarzuty Moneyval były niesłusznie, gdyż: po pierwsze komitet ten nieprawidłowo odtworzył standard międzynarodowy, a po drugie faza wstępna prania pieniędzy była w większości przypadków karalna w Polsce jeszcze przed penalizacją formy stadialnej przygotowania. Dowiedziono także, że kraje nie są związane raportami Moneyval. W opracowaniu wyrażono pogląd uzasadniający tezę, że polski system przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy mógł stracić na sile wskutek penalizacji formy stadialnej przygotowania do prania pieniędzy.