Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Borylated (4-Biphenyl)(N-arylamino)glyoxime Complexes

100%

Karipcin F. , Erdem-Tuncmen M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2009

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tom Vol. 83, nr 4

525-535

EN

A series of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(III) complexes of the type [M(Ln)2(H2O)2(BF2)2] and [Co(Ln)2PyCl(BF2)2] (where M = Cu(II) or Ni(II); n = 1, 2; L = bidentate dioxime lig ands) have been synthesized by the reactions of dioxime complexes with boron tri- fluoride diethyl ether complex in acetonitrile under nitrogen atmosphere. In all these reactions, the bridging protons of the dioxime com plexes replace BF2 groups. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, ICP-OES, 1H NMR together with magnetic susceptibility measurements. In particular, the thermal decomposition of all the complexes was studied in nitrogen atmosphere.

2

Development of magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the simultaneous determination of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in water Samales

88%

Noori A. H. , Rezaee M. , Kazemipour M. , Mashayekhi H. A.

Acta Chromatographica

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2019

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tom Vol. 31, no. 1

1--7

EN

A new and sensitive method, termed magnetic solid phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextracton (MSPE–DLLME), has been developed for the simultaneous determination of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in water samples. Different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, including the amount of sorbent, sorption time, type of elution solvent and its volume, type of extraction solvent and its volume, and elution time were optimized. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.5–100 μg/L for both of them. The limits of detection (LODs) were achieved, 0.03 μg/L for biphenyl and 0.07 μg/L for biphenyl oxide, respectively. Ultimately, the applicability of the method was successfully confirmed by the extraction and determination of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in sea, river, tap, and water well.

3

Wykorzystanie wysokorozdzielczej chromatografii gazowej [ HRGC ] do analizy zawartosci polichlorowanych bifenyli [ PCB ] w olejach transformatorowych

63%

Lulek J. , Makowski J.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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1995

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tom 28

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nr 2

179-184

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wykorzystanie chromatografii na kolumnie z żelem krzemionkowym oraz wysokorozdzielczej chromatografii gazowej (HRGC) do analizy zawartości sumy polichlorowanych bifenyli (PCB) w przepracowanych olejach transformatorowych. Porównano wyniki oznaczeń PCB w próbkach tych samych olejów, uzyskane w dwóch różnych laboratoriach w Polsce i Szwajcarii.

EN

The concentration of total polychlorinated bifenyls (PCBs) in selected transformer oils was determined. The separation of PCBs on silica gel column, after the purification of the sample with concentrated H2SO4, was performed. For identification and determination of PCBs, high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) on a fused silica capillary column Rtx - 5 (60 m x 0,25 mm x 0,25 µm) with ECD detector, was employed. The mixtures of PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 , 180) and technical Aroclors 1242, 1254 and 1260 were used as standard solutions. The results of PCBs quantification were compared with the results obtained in a Swiss laboratory. The differences between these results do not exceed 20%.

4

Pestycydy chloroorganiczne i polichlorowane bifenyle w wodzie wislanej

44%

Falandysz J. , Brudnowska B. , Iwata H. , Tanabe S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1999

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tom 50

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nr 2

123-130

PL

Zbadano skład i zmiany sezonowe stężenia pestycydów chloroorganicznych (DDTSy HCHs, CHLs i HCB) oraz chlorobifenyli (PCBs) w niefiltrowanej wodzie wiślanej pobranej w Kieżmarku pod Gdańskiem. Próbki wody pobierano comiesięcznie w okresie od sierpnia 1991 do lipca 1992. Oszacowano wielkość ładunku DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, HCB i PCBs wnoszonego wraz z wodami wiślanymi do Zatoki Gdańskiej.

EN

The composition and loads of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCBs, HCHs, CHLs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) transported with the Vistula River waters to the Gulf of Gdansk in 1991-1992 has been determined. The method of organochlorine compounds measurement was capillary gas chromatography with ECD after adsorption of the analyte on Ambertlite XAD-2, resin and subsequent elution, clean-up and HPLC fraction of the extract. The concentrations of DDTs, HCBs, HCHs, CHLs and PCBs in the Vistula River water ranged between 120-840, 7.6-52, 1600-410000, 8.1-57 and 120-300 pg/l, respectively. During 12 months period of the study the total load of DDTs, HCBz, HCHs, CHLs and PCBs transported with the Vistula River water to the Gulf of Gdańsk was assessed on 10.54, 0.73, 1377, 0.38 and 5.02 kg, respectively.

5

Chlorowane weglowodory i polichlorowane bifenyle w nasionach roslin straczkowych dostepnych na rynku

38%

Baldyga B. , Borejszo Z. , Wieczorek J. , Smoczynska K. , Dymkowska-Malesa M. , Smoczynski S. S.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2005

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tom 38

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nr 1

47-51

PL

W dostępnych na rynku polskim w latach 1999-2002 nasionach fasoli, grochu, łubinu i wyki oznaczono zawartość chlorowanych węglowodorów oraz polichlorowanych bifenylu Związki identyfikowano i oznaczano ilościowo metodą chromatografii gazowej. Pozostałości chlorowanych węglowodorów i polichlorowanych bifenyli odnotowano w większości badanych próbek na poziomie nie przekraczającym obowiązujących norm.

EN

The contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were determined in the seeds of selected varieties of bean, pea, lupine and vetch available on the home market in 1999-2002. The compounds were identified and quantified by gas chromatography.The concetrations of the chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls detected in the majority of the analysed samples were within relevant standards. The contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons (y-HCH, DDT and its metabolites) and polychlorinated biphenyls (congeners 28, 52, 101,118,138,153 and 180) were determined in the seeds of selected varieties of bean, pea, broad bean, faba bean, lupine and vetch available on the home market in 1999-2002. To identify and quantify the compounds, plant material was extracted with cyclohexane. The resultant extracts were purified in a column filled with aluminium oxide and analysed in a gas Chromatograph equipped with a selective electron capture detector. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were identified in the majority of the seed samples, while their concetrations were well within relevant standards. Thus, contamination of legume seed with study compounds during the agricultural production processes is negligible.

6

Monitoring biologiczny i srodowiskowy narazenia na chlorowane weglowodory aromatyczne

38%

Goralczyk K. , Czaja K. , Ludwicki J. K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1996

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tom 47

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nr 1

25-32

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczący metabolizmu i toksyczności bromopochodnych aromatycznych stosowanych jako środki uniepalniające (zmniejszające palność).

EN

Flame retardants are added to plastic materials, textiles, wood, hydraulic liquids etc. for reducing their inflammability. These substances reduce the heat and carbon monoxide formation in case of fire. They are added in high amounts, even up to 30% of product mass (e. g. plastic material). The production of brominated flame retardants has been steadily rising in the last 20 years, e. g. in the 1990s the world production of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE) reached 40000 tons annually. Mainly polybrominated flame retardants are produced, e. g. polybromobiphenyls (PBB), PBDE, hexabromobenzene (HBB). Their toxicity is low or nil, the DL 50 values are over 1 g/kg. However, when administered in low doses over longer time periods they can cause changes leading to porphyria. The information on the toxicity of polybrominated flame retardants for humans is derived mainly from the accident in Michigan, where PBB contamination of fodder for farm animals occurred with consequent contamination of food. In consumers of contaminated food cutaneous changes and neurological and muscular symptoms were noted. Polybrominated flame retardants can be metabolized and undergo biodegradation mainly trough denomination. The data on the toxicity of debromination products point to di-and tribromobenzenes, some of which are highly hepatotoxic. In acute poisoning hepatocellular damage manifest itself as necrotic changes in experimental animals receiving 0.1-0.8 of DL 50 of di-or tribromobenzene. After repeated administration of lower doses the hepatocellular damage assumes the features of porphyrogenic injury. In the environment polybrominated flame retardants can be transformed by various factors (high temperature during fire accidents, incomplete incineration of waste) to polybrominated dibenzodioxins of dibenzofurans whose lethal doses can in extreme cases be 0.001 mg for 1 kg body weight.

7

Abiotyczne i biotyczne przemiany persystentnych zwiazkow chloroorganicznych w srodowisku

32%

Strucinski P. , Goralczyk K. , Ludwicki J. K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1995

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tom 46

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nr 3

279-292

PL

Obecność persystentnych związków chloroorganicznych w środowisku naturalnym jest efektem działalności człowieka - zamierzonej (np. produkcja pestycydów, rozpuszczalników, dielektryków, płynów hydraulicznych itp.) jak i niezamierzonej (np.przy produkcji pulpy celulozowej, dezynfekcji chlorem wody do picia, spalaniu odpadów, itp.). Są one szczególnie niebezpieczne ze względu na zjawisko biokumulacji w poszczególnych ogniwach łańcucha pokarmowego oraz działanie toksyczne. W artykule przedstawiono współczesne poglądy dotyczące przemian tych związków w środowisku pod wpływem czynników abiotycznych (fotoliza, hydroliza) oraz biotycznych (biotransformacja przez mikroorganizmy i przemiany w organizmach wyższych).

EN

The presence of persistent organochlorine compounds in the environment is defined as being of anthropogenic origin. They are the result of intentional production (pesticides, solvents, dielectric and hydraulic fluids, flame retardants etc.) as well as they are produced as unintentional by-products from many processes (incineration, pulp and paper production, use and production of chlorinated aromatic chemicals and PVC). Nowadays, they are recognized as one of the major classes of the contaminants in the environment because of their wide distribution and a high capacity to bioaccumulate in organisms - especially in higher levels of the trophic food chain. They have been also claimed to cause adverse effects on organisms and human. In the paper, the main classes of chlorinated hydrocarbons are presented, including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. The proposed degradative pathways-abiotic (photolysis, hydrolysis) as well as biotic (biotransformation by microorganisms and higher organisms, including human) are reviewed on the basis of current literature.

8

Toksykologia zwiazkow chloroorganicznych w zarysie

32%

Starek A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1996

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tom 47

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nr 1

1-12

PL

W pracy omówiono ważniejsze grupy związków chloroorganicznych występujące w środowisku generalnym jako zanieczyszczenia, ich pochodzenie, losy w środowisku i organizmie oraz efekty ich toksycznego działania. Zwrócono uwagę na zmiany układowe i odległe skutki narażenia. Przedstawiono niektóre mechanizmy toksycznego działania.

EN

Chloroorganic compounds, typified by the chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, especially biphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofuranes and azo/xy/benzenes are, or were, manufactured as commercial products /the chlorinated biphenyls and naphtalenes/, and occur only as contaminants in commercial products /the chlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and azo/xy/benzenes/. They have all become widespread in the environment. The chemical stability and lipophilicity of these compounds, and their resistance to degradation results in their persistence in the environment and concentration in the food chains. Their chemical structures are similar, i.e. they are approximate isostereomers. They act by the common receptor-mediated mechanism and produce similar toxic responses, although they vary greatly in potency. All classes of chloroorganic compounds have produced incidents of intoxication of industrial workers, the general population, and farm or wild animals. Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons elicit a numerous toxic effects which include body weight loss, thymic atrophy, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and porphyria, chloracne and another dermal lesions, tissue-specific hypo- and hyperplastic responses, teratogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenesis.