Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Prospects of biomethane production in Ukraine

100%

Geletukha G.

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2022

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tom Vol. 6, nr 4

130-133

EN

Prospects and potential for the development of biomethane production in Ukraine are presented. The biomethane potential due to anaerobic digestion from the most prospective feedstock types is estimated as 9.7 billion m3 CH4/year in 2020. The total biomethane production in Ukraine could reach 1.0 billion m3/year in 2030 and 4.5 billion m3/year in 2050.

2

Reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane

100%

Merkisz J. , Gis W.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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tom Vol. 21, No. 1

153--162

EN

This paper discusses generally the possibility of reduction carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from internal combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane. The road transport in Europe almost fully depends on fossil fuels. Diversification of the road transport fuels will be a key attribute for road transport in the coming years. Purified biogas is one of alternative renewable fuels. Actually, in Poland biogas is used for generating electricity and heat. In some countries (for example in Sweden), upgraded biogas to natural gas quality (biomethane) is used as a vehicle fuel too. In this paper estimated biogas production potential in Baltic See Region countries: Poland and Sweden. It was one of the purposes of European Project Baltic Biogas Bus, and it is taken into account in European Project More Baltic Biogas Bus realized presently. Comparative studies of exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides from city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine were carried out. The study was conducted under real traffic conditions in southern Polish city Rzeszow. Due to the lack in-service city buses with emission level Euro V in Rzeszow, comparative studies of this type of city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine was conducted in SORT I test. Determined mean values of road emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in g/km for the city buses operated in Rzeszow. Estimated value of the total road emissions in the case that would be replaced half the fleet of city buses (40 CNG buses and about 35% of the diesel engine powered buses, meet Euro III emission standard) by the CNG-powered (biomethane) city buses, complying with Euro V (EEV) emission standard.

3

Swedish Urban Transport Model Powered by Biomethane

100%

Żółtowski A.

Logistics and Transport

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2019

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tom 41

137-143

XX

In the recent years, the European Community has been implementing a plan to increase the share of renewable fuels used for energy production and powering vehicles. It aims to partially reduce the dependence on crude oil imports and reduce CO2 emission. Particularly interesting are the achievements of Sweden against this background, for which the European Commission has set the highest value of the indicator, and to implement which Sweden adopted unconventional solutions across Europe. One of them is the plan to eliminate by the 2030 fossil fuels from the urban transport, and one of the fuels that is to replace today still widely used diesel oil, would be biomethane. The article describes the reasons and circumstances which made Sweden use biomethane to power buses used in urban transport on a very large scale, in comparison with other European countries. The article shows the characteristics of this fuel, the method of its production and application prospects.

4

Analysis of the bio-methane potential in the selected countries of the Baltic Sea Region

100%

Biernat K. , Dziołak P. L. , Gis W. , Żółtowski A.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2012

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tom R. 51, nr 1

EN

The article presents analysis of the bio-methane production system in the selected Baltic Sea Region counties and possibilities of the distribution of this fuel based on the existing natural gas transfer systems. Each of the countries discussed has had its preliminary provisions developed for an intensification of the biogas utilisation processes, as an energy source, for the transport means. Legal and economic mechanisms have been characterised also, which may stimulate production increase and spur interest of the potential recipients of bio-methane as an engine fuel.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę systemu produkcji biogazu w wybranych krajach basenu Morza Bałtyckiego oraz możliwości dystrybucji tego paliwa, opierając się na istniejących systemach przesyłu gazu ziemnego. Dla każdego z omawianych krajów opracowano wstępne założenia w zakresie intensyfikacji procesów wykorzystywania biogazu jako nośnika energii w środkach transportu. Scharakteryzowano także mechanizmy prawne i ekonomiczne, które mogą stymulować zwiększenie produkcji oraz zainteresowanie potencjalnych odbiorców biometanu jako paliwa silnikowego.

5

Ocena potencjału produkcji biometanu z gospodarki komunalnej i jego wykorzystania w miejskim transporcie autobusowym - na przykładzie Warszawy

100%

Gis W. , Menes E. , Waśkiewicz J. , Żółtowski A.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2012

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tom R. 51, nr 1

PL

Według szacunków z odpadów odbieranych przez największe zakłady zajmujące się składowaniem i utylizacją odpadów komunalnych Warszawy oraz z osadów ściekowych oczyszczalni ścieków można pozyskać rocznie około 35 mln Nm3 biometanu. Tylko część powstającego biogazu jest wykorzystywana w procesie technologicznym i na potrzeby grzewcze oraz do produkcji energii elektrycznej. Reszta biogazu spalana jest w pochodniach lub ulatnia się w powietrze. Potencjał produkcji biometanu z tych źródeł w 2020 r., do wykorzystania np. jako paliwo silnikowe autobusów miejskich, ocenia się na około 25 mln Nm3, co pozwoliłoby na eksploatację około 520 autobusów MZA Warszawa (37% parku). Przy obecnych uwarunkowaniach cenowych atutem wykorzystania biometanu w miejskim publicznym transporcie autobusowym nie są względy ekonomiczne, ale względy ekologiczne.

EN

According to estimates, the waste received by the largest establishments engaged in the storage and disposal of municipal waste in Warsaw, and from sewage sludge treatment plant, it is possibile to obtain about 35 mln Nm3 of biomethane every year. Only part of the resulting biogas is used in process technology and the needs of heating and electricity production. The rest of the biogas is burned in flares or evaporates into the air. Potential production of biomethane from these sources in 2020, e.g. for use as motor fuel such as city buses, was estimated at about 25 mln Nm3, which would let to operate around 520 buses in Warsaw MZA (37% of the park). Given current pricing, the asset of biomethane utilization in urban public bus is not economic reason, but environmental issue.

6

Analiza możliwości dystrybucyjnych biometanu w Polsce

100%

Biernat K. , Dziołak P. L. , Gis W. , Żółtowski A.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2012

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tom R. 51, nr 1

PL

W artykule przedstawiono potencjalne możliwości wykorzystania istniejących sieci przesyłowych gazu ziemnego do dystrybucji biometanu jako paliwa silnikowego. Przedstawiono także uwarunkowania związane z racjonalną lokalizacją biogazowni rolniczych z uwzględnieniem natężenia ruchu pojazdów oraz istniejącego systemu dystrybucyjnego CNG w stacjach zasilania samochodów. Omówiono także koncepcję automatycznego systemu kontroli jakości biometanu gwarantującą jego bezpieczną dystrybucję sieciami przesyłowymi.

EN

The article presents potential possibilities of utilising existing natural gas transfer networks to distribute bio-methane as an engine fuel. There are also conditions shown, associated with the rational localisation of the agricultural bio-gas plants taking into account vehicles traffic intensity and existing CNG distribution system at the car fuel stations. The concept of automatic bio-methane quality control has also been presented, guaranteeing its safe distribution through the transfer networks.

7

Swedish Urban Transport Model Powered by Biomethane

100%

Żółtowski A.

Logistics and Transport

|

2019

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tom Vol. 41, No. 1

137--143

EN

In the recent years, the European Community has been implementing a plan to increase the share of renewable fuels used for energy production and powering vehicles. It aims to partially reduce the dependence on crude oil imports and reduce CO2 emission. Particularly interesting are the achievements of Sweden against this background, for which the European Commission has set the highest value of the indicator, and to implement which Sweden adopted unconventional solutions across Europe. One of them is the plan to eliminate by the 2030 fossil fuels from the urban transport, and one of the fuels that is to replace today still widely used diesel oil, would be biomethane. The article describes the reasons and circumstances which made Sweden use biomethane to power buses used in urban transport on a very large scale, in comparison with other European countries. The article shows the characteristics of this fuel, the method of its production and application prospects.

8

Possibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture on the example of a biogas plant

88%

Samson-Bręk I. A. , Matuszewska A.

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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tom Vol. 86, nr 4

127--142

EN

The subject of this publication is to determine the impact of biogas plants on the environment, with particular emphasis on greenhouse gasses emissions associated with the production and management of biogas as the main plant product. The environmental impact of the agricultural sector as well as the state of development of the biogas market in European Union are presented as background for consideration of greenhouse gas emissions. One of the economy sectors responsible for GHG emissions is agriculture. One of the solutions of GHG reduction in agriculture is slurry management using biogas technology. It should be emphasized, that biogas not always has favorable emission parameters. The final emission throughout the whole life cycle of this energy carrier depends on many factors. The structure of GHG emissions largely depends on what type of raw material it used for biogas production and in what kind of tanks the digestate sludge is stored. If waste raw materials are used for biogas production, then GHG emission associated with their acquisition is assumed to be zero. On the other hand, if dedicated energy crops are used for biogas production, the emission connected with cultivation of these plants are added to the total GHG emissions. They are directly related to the use of fertilizers and plant protection products, field emissions of nitrous oxide and fuel combustion during the operation of agricultural machinery. Influence on the GHG emission has also the kind id digestate storage tank. If these are closed tanks, there is no emissions to the atmosphere. If tank is open, then methane is emitted directly to the air and is included in the total GHG balance.

9

Biomethane as a fuel for city transport

88%

Gis W. , Żółtowski A. , Grzelak P. L.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 2

175-179

EN

Depletion of fossil energy sources, and thus the prices increase of conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, the energy security and dependence on imported fuels, as well as the deteriorating environment and global warming mean that there are more and more new technologies using renewable energy sources nowadays. In the medium- and long-term perspective a significant changes are needed regarding means of transport in ensuring "sustainable mobility", while the horizon of short-term solution is the implementation of biofuels, including biogas refined to form of biomethane, and renewable alternative fuels. Biomethane is produced from waste organic matter. Directive 2009/28/EC indicates the benefits of using waste for the production of transport fuels, to decarbonisation of the energy sector and requires Member States of UE to use renewable fuels. The paper presents possibilities for the biomethane production, as well as conditions to use it as fuel to power city buses. The level of current use of gaseous fuels in the national urban transport was specified, and also conducted an evaluation of benefits, especially ecological, to use these fuels for these applications.

10

Feasibility study of biogas project development : technology maturity, feedstock, and utilization pathway

88%

Kalinichenko A. , Havrysh V.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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tom Vol. 45, no. 1

68--83

EN

Biogas production has a big potential to provide clean energy. To evaluate the future production and maturity of biogas technology the generalized Weng model was proved to be effective, due to it has the minimum error. The simple algorithms to determine its parameters have been proposed. The simulation results for China, USA, and EU have been presented. The quantity and quality analysis for biogas feedstock has been carried out. Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI) indicator for different biofuels was considered. According to analysis done biogas from maize residue and chicken manure has high EROEI. Shannon Index was suggested to evaluate the diversity of feedstock supply. Biomass energy cost indicator was grounded to be used for feedstock energy and cost assessment. Biogas utilization pathways have been shown. Biogas boilers and CHP have the highest thermal efficiency, but biogas (biomethane) has the highest potential to earn as a petrol substitute. Utilization of biogas upgrading by-product (carbon dioxide) enhances profitability of biogas projects. Methods to assess the optimal pathways have been described.

11

Analysis of the engine run conditions for the waste collection vehicle and a concept of fuelling it with biogas and biomethane

88%

Kruczyński S. W. , Pawlak G.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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tom Vol. 17, No. 4

253-258

EN

The article contains an analysis of the load of the engines that drive city vehicles for waste collection. These vehicles operate in specific conditions and perform unconventional tasks. For this reason, the engines run in conditions of part load at low speed. Access to places where biogas is produced and the specific engine load led the Authors to propose a new concept of fuelling of the engine, which is presented in the article. To drive a waste collection vehiclefor the Authors propose to use a spark ignition engine fuelled with dried biogas, which was purified from sulphur compounds and biomethane. In case of lack of biomethane, natur al gas could be used. The two fuels are supplied to the engine in proportions depending on the load, but because of the specificity of the analyzed vehicles tasks it is expected that a significant share of time the engine will be fuelled by biogas or biogas slightly mixed with biomethane or natural gas. A prototype engine fuelled with two fuels will be based on a diesel engine, which will be modified. Especially pistons andfuel system will be changed. The ignition system with high discharge energy will be also prepared. The proposed concept of the engine intended to be applied to the waste collection vehicle is a result of analysis of engine run conditions for this type ofoperation. In particular, the idea combines the running conditions of the engine and the access of the vehicle to the place where renewable fuel is produced.

12

Methane - a fuel for agriculture

88%

Piętak A. , Radkowski S.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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tom Vol. 18, No. 4

357-386

EN

The development of societies building modern economies and production was and is associated with the continuous growth of energy consumption. Nowadays the world was forced to take a different look at the problem of energy consumption and fossil fuels. Because of cost of mining and production, unstable political situation in resource-rich countries and ecological perspective, many scientists seeks renewable energy sources, in quantity sufficient to meet the demand. Because of development of technologies obtaining many types of renewable energy sources that can be adapted to the needs of energy and the environment in which it will be received. Because of rich resources of ingredients that make production possible biogas, it is the most appropriate renewable fuel for agricultural infrastructure. The paper comprehensively describes factors influencing the development of renewable energy to their nature and technology in the application of renewable fuel gas with particular reference to methane gas and biomethane. There is general agreement on the Reed for sustainable biofuel industry, there is little understanding on how to avoid social and environmental degradation with global biofuel production. Results showed a variety of government policies, the most significant of which concerns agricultural production. In analyses the impact of government's policies on promotion of affordable, alternative energy sources capable of maintaining current energy consumption standards.

13

Prospects and Potential for Biomethane Production in Ukraine

88%

Geletukha G. , Kucheruk P. , Matveev Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 4

67--80

EN

Prospects and potential for the development of biomethane production in Ukraine are presented. The biomethane potential due to anaerobic digestion from the most prospective feedstock types is estimated as 9.7 billion m3 CH4/year in 2020. At the level of regions of Ukraine, 60% of the potential for biomethane production is concentrated in all regions of the central part of country (Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava and Kirovohrad regions), two regions of the northern part of Ukraine (Kyiv and Chernihiv regions), one region of the western part of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky region) and one region of the eastern part of Ukraine (Kharkiv region). Comparative analysis of two main renewable gases - biomethane and green hydrogen - has been carried out. It is shown that greatest prospects are associated with combination of biomethane and green hydrogen advantages, which involves the conversion of hydrogen into methane with subsequent supply to distribution or main gas networks. The use of such a scheme will allow in addition to AD potential of biomethane to add 6.8 billion m3/year of synthetic methane, which can be obtained from methanation of CO2 from biomethane plants and green hydrogen.The total biomethane production in Ukraine could reach 1.0 billion m3/year in 2030. It is expected that biomethane could partly be exported to the EU. The rest could be utilized locally for combined heat and electricity generation in CHP units, heating and industry applications and for transportation purpose. In such a way biogas sector could serve the growing demand in sustainable and clean energy from the transport and industry sectors.

14

Role of biomethane in the improvement of energy safety in Poland

75%

Filanowski P. , Rybicki C.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2015

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tom Vol. 32, no. 3

613--622

EN

The renewable energy gains over the recent years on the meaning, also in consideration of increasing prices the energy and some signs of changes of climate caused by the man. Thereby in many countries the large press lies down on the use of renewable sources of energy such as water, the sun, the wind and the biomass covering every now and again the best part of the power requirement. One of method of the production of the energy from the biomass is the production of the biogas in specially to this end constructed devices so called biogas plants. To create of conditions to the development of this field are necessary specific performances supporting and propagating on the domestic grade and regional. In Germany the enforcement of amended law about the renewable energy contributed to true bumu in the sector of the energy production from the biogas. In Germany in 1999 functioned 850 agricultural biogas plants, in 2003 – 1700 and in 2005 – 2800. In Poland until the year 2005 according to data given by the Office of the Regulation of the Energetics worked 64 power plants supported on the biogas. One ought however to remember that this number includes except agricultural biogas plants first of all installations of the refuse dump gas and the biogas on the refinery of sewage. Poland is a rich country in the stony coal field in the face of this the dependency of the country from the import of this raw material is least. In turn of the gas consumption of terrestrial in Poland increases and the perspective of the dependency himself from the import of this raw material until the year 2030 indicates the more and more greater need for the purchase of this raw material besides limits of our country. On the basis the information contained in the report European P utting green Gas Grid from the year 2014 results that the biomethane production in countries of western Europe gains the more and more greater popularity. This results from this that the import of natural gas to Europe is realized almost as a whole from the east direction. In European Union are many countries which import 100% their demand on natural gas to {in the face of} this aspect the reduction of the dependency themselves these countries from the import of gas in the figure {form} of the production of biomethane becomes a key-matter. For the purpose of the improvement of the development of agricu ltural biogas plants in Poland arose the government-document going out opposite to postulates about the necessity of the establishment of the system promoting and supporting the production of the agricultural biogas. A foundation „of Directions of the development agricultural biogas plants in Poland in years 2010–2020” is the creation of optimum-conditions to the development of installations producing the agricultural biogas so until the year 2020 to lead to the construction of averagely one biogas plant in every commune using the biomass of the agricultural origin, on the assumption possessions through the commune of applicable provisions to the execution of such undertaking.

15

Szwedzki model komunikacji miejskiej zasilanej biometanem

75%

Żółtowski A.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

|

2016

|

tom z. 111

611--620

PL

W ostatnich latach Wspólnota Europejska wdraża plan zwiększenia udziału paliw odnawialnych używanych do produkcji energii i zasilania pojazdów mechanicznych. Ma on na celu częściowe zmniejszenie uniezależnienia od importu ropy naftowej jak i ograniczenie emisji CO2. Na tym tle szczególnie ciekawie prezentuje się dorobek Szwecji, dla której Komisja Europejska wyznaczyła najwyższą wartość celu wskaźnikowego, i do realizacji którego w Szwecji przyjęto niekonwencjonalne w skali Europy rozwiązania. Jednym z nich jest plan wyeliminowania do 2030 r. paliw kopalnych z transportu miejskiego, a jednym z paliw, które zastąpią jeszcze dziś powszechnie stosowany olej napędowy byłby biometan. W artykule opisano przesłanki i uwarunkowania, które sprawiły, że w Szwecji na bardzo szeroką skalę, w porównaniu z innymi państwami europejskimi, do zasilania autobusów używanych w transporcie miejskim stosowany jest biometan. Przedstawiono właściwości tego paliwa, sposób jego produkcji oraz perspektywy stosowania.

EN

For several years, the European Community is implementing a plan to increase the share of renewable fuels used in the energy production and to power motor vehicles. It aims to reduce partially the independence from oil imports and CO2 emissions as well. Against this background, particularly interesting the legacy of Sweden is presented, for which country the European Commission has set the highest value of the national overall target, and its compliance in Sweden adopted unconventional solutions across Europe. One of them is a plan to eliminate fossil fuels in public transport by 2030 year. The fuel that could replace widely used today diesel oil would be biomethane. The article describes the reasons and circumstances which made that in Sweden on a very large scale comparing to other European countries the buses used in urban transport are fuelled with biomethane. Described the characteristics of this fuel, the ways of its production and using.

16

Czynniki rozwoju transportu miejskiego zasilanego biometanem

75%

Gis W. , Grzelak P. , Żółtowski A.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2013

|

tom z. 98

175--181

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości produkcji biometanu jako paliwa transportowego przeznaczonego do autobusów eksploatowanych w polskich miastach, a także uwarunkowania do jego szerszego wykorzystania jako paliwa do zasilania autobusów komunikacji miejskiej na wzór wybranych szwedzkich miast wraz z nakreśleniem systemów wsparcia dla biometanu w krajach europejskich. Zaprezentowano perspektywy wykorzystania biometanu w transporcie miejskim w odniesieniu do istniejącego stanu floty miejskich autobusów gazowych zasilanych CNG oraz istniejącej infrastruktury CNG.

EN

The paper presents the possibility of biomethane production as a transport fuel for buses in Polish cities, as well as the conditions for its wider use as a vehicle fuel on the example of selected Swedish cities with an indication of support systems for biomethane in European countries. There were presented the opportunities for use the biomethane in urban transport concerning the existing fleet of CNG city buses and existing CNG infrastructure. There were also conducted an assessment of the benefits, especially the environmental ones, of use of gaseous fuels for these applications.

17

Biogaz jako alternatywny nośnik energii

75%

Podeszwa E. , Biernat K.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2014

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

137-156

EN

The advantages of biogas, apart from being just an alternative energy source, are its various possibilities of conversion. Chemical energy can be converted into biogas for heat, electricity and chemical energy of other compounds. Therefore, there are numerous opportunities for using energy from biogas. Some of them are used in stationary installations. Another application is as a fuel for vehicle engines by burning biomethane.

18

Production and Use of Biogas and Biomethane from Waste for Climate Neutrality and Development of Green Economy

75%

Honcharuk I. , Tokarchuk D. , Gontaruk Y. , Kolomiiets T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

tom Vol. 25, nr 2

20--32

EN

The following article provides an analysis of the current state and potential development of biogas and biomethane production, and their significance in promoting a "green" economy. The main areas of "green" economy focus were identified as the development of alternative energy sources, an effective waste management system with recycling, organic agriculture, improved water resource and ecosystem management, sustainable ("green") transport, as well as increased energy efficiency in housing and communal sectors. It was shown that the production and use of biogas/biomethane can contribute to achieving almost all of these goals, while also ensuring climate neutrality. Analysis of European experience in using waste for biogas/biomethane production reveals a steady trend in the development of industry. This growth has become particularly relevant following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has also impacted the European energy market. The report assessed the Ukraine's potential for biogas/biomethane production from organic waste of various origins, highlighting its importance in addressing energy supply issues, both in times of peace as well as during the periods of martial law and energy system destruction. Successful biogas production cases in Ukraine were also analyzed, demonstrating that some enterprises are equipped to produce biogas and biomethane. The research findings were used to develop the recommendations for Ukrainian manufacturers on effective biogas production to expedite the transition towards a climate-neutral, "green" economy.

19

Koncepcja instalacji do uzdatniania biogazu do biometanu

75%

Rejman-Burzyńska A. , Jędrysik E. , Gądek M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2013

|

tom T. 92, nr 1

68-72

20

Analysis of Actions for Ukraine to Replace Russian Natural Gas

75%

Geletukha G. , Zheliezna T. , Drahniev S. , Haidai O.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, iss. 4

1--9

EN

Purpose of the article is to identify and analyse ten most important actions for Ukraine to completely reject Russian natural gas. The analysis was performed taking into account the following basic provisions: territorial integrity of Ukraine is within its state as of February 23, 2022; total energy consumption is at the level of 2021. Under current conditions, Ukraine urgently needs to elaborate and implement an effective and ambitious program to refuse Russian natural gas and other fossil fuels imported from Russia within several years. Such a program will be much required immediately after the end of the military operations at Ukraine’s territory and should be a solid basis for energy recovery of the country at the post-war period. Taking into account Ukraine’s potential of renewable energy sources and other relevant factors, the program must include such important actions as replacement of natural gas with biomass and solid biofuels for heat production, further construction of wind and solar power plants, production of biomethane, introduction of heat pumps, improving energy efficiency in district heating (DH) systems, buildings and industry and some others. Implementation of these actions will give Ukraine the opportunity to reduce the consumption of natural gas and completely replace its imports in the amount of up to 10 billion m3/yr by 2030. Realization of each action requires some specific organizational and legislative measures. To a high extent, these measures coincide with ones needed to overcome barriers to bioenergy development and expansion of district heating in Ukraine. Representative examples of the measures are introducing an electronic trade system for solid biofuels through electronic auctions; starting auctions for the state support of renewable electricity projects; starting auctions for load following units and energy storage systems; adopting the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2030; creating a Register for biomethane; introducing competitive heat market in DH systems; introducing incentive tariffs for electricity for heat pumps, including the "night" tariffs.