This work focuses on spectroscopic characterization of lignin extracted from wood liquefaction residues. The aim of the research was to evaluatethe influence of the amount of the solventand the raw material typeused for liquefaction on the spectral parameters of the lignin isolated from liquefaction residues.Different types of biomass assortments were liquefied according to the previously described procedures.The amount of the propylene glycol used as the liquefying agent has been modified. The lignin isolated from the residues after wood liquefaction process has been subjected to spectroscopic studies. Absorption spectra were obtained using a double-beam spectrophotometer. As a reference the lignin extracted from standard untreated samples was used. Based on the research it has been concluded thatthe amount of the solvent and the raw material type do not have significant influence on the spectral properties of liquefied wood products.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of liquefied bark products for panel manufacturing. The research was carried out with the use of waste bark, obtained from a local wood-processing company. Bark fractions were further processed by means of liquefaction. The liquefaction reaction was carried out at elevated temperature using a mixture of solvents from the polyhydroxy alcohol group. Three-layer particleboards based on the liquefied bark were produced. Standard physicochemical and mechanical properties of the boards, such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and formaldehyde content, were determined. The parameters of the particleboards complied with the requirements of the PN EN 312:2011 standard for interior-general-use boards of type P2 used for indoor equipment elements. It was demonstrated that when melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin was substituted with liquefied bark to an amount of 20%, there was no increase in the formaldehyde content of the boards. All test results were compared with those for standard particleboard bonded with unmodified melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive resin.
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Spośród nowych metod wstępnego przygotowania biomasy do procesów upłynniania na uwagę zasługują m.in. te wykorzystujące zjawisko kawitacji, gdyż jest ono związane z lokalnym występowaniem bardzo wysokich gęstości energii, rzędu 1018 kW/m3, co może prowadzić do rozdrobnienia biomasy, a nawet degradacji cząsteczek. Badania wykazały, że wstępne przygotowanie biomasy z wykorzystaniem zjawiska kawitacji przyspiesza hydrolizę i fermentację oraz zwiększa uzysk węglowodorów z procesów pirolizy. Zaprezentowano przegląd rozwiązań urządzeń konstrukcyjnych umożliwiających zastosowanie zjawiska kawitacji w technologiach upłynniania biomasy.
EN
A review, with 27 refs., of the efficient equipment (orifice plates, Venturi tube, cavitating device with indentations on the rotor).
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