Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Effect of Water Extract From Wild Thyme on Colorado Potato Beetle Feeding

100%

Rusin M. , Gospodarek J. , Biniaś B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 4

197--202

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts prepared from fresh and dry matter of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on feeding adults and larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Dry extracts were prepared at concentration of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant at concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the mass of food consumed by adults and larvae, and changes of larvae body weight once daily. In addition, absolute deterrence index and palatability index were calculated. The results of the experiment showed that for an efficient limitation of the feeding adult Colorado potato beetles, an extract from dry matter of wild thyme with a concentration of at least 10% should be used. L4 larvae appear to be considerably more susceptible to the effect of T. serpyllum extract. In their case, an efficient limitation of the feeding, as well as body weight gain can be obtained using extracts from both dry and fresh matter, at concentrations of over 5% for dry matter and over 20% for fresh matter. With the increase of extract concentration, the value of the calculated palatability index decreases, and the deterrence index value increases.

2

Effect of Water Extract From Mint on Selected Crop Pests Feeding and Survival

100%

Biniaś B. , Gospodarek J. , Rusin M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 18, nr 2

119--128

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aqueous extracts of dried mint (Mentha piperita L.) in concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10%, and fresh parts of this plant, in concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% on feeding of pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.) and survival of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) on the leaves of broad bean (Vicia faba L.), variety “Bartek”. In the studies of the effects of aqueous extracts of mint on the dynamics of Sitona lineatus feeding on the beans leaves, 9 laboratory’s observations in 12-hour intervals was made. Leaves injuries on their edge surface caused by adult individuals were measured. Observations were carried out in 6 replicates divided into males and females. In these researches on impact of water extracts from mint on mortality of wingless females and larvae of black bean aphids, 14 laboratory’s observations in the 8-hour intervals was made. Aqueous extracts of dry and fresh peppermint significantly limited the feeding of pea leaf weevil females, and the extracts from dried material were more effective. Extracts from peppermint caused mortality of black bean aphid larvae compared to wingless females to a greater extent, and the higher the concentration of the extract, the more beneficial effect was observed. An extract from dried material at a concentration of 2% was too weak to effectively combat the larvae of A. fabae, while in the case of aphid females, an effectiveness was only demonstrated for the extracts at the highest concentrations, i.e., 10% of dried and 30% of fresh peppermint.

3

Effect of fennel water extracts on reduction of feeding of pea leaf weevil

100%

Biniaś B. , Gospodarek J. , Rusin M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 5

192--197

EN

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of aqueous extracts from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds at 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations on the feeding of peal leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.) on broad bean (Vicia faba L.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of broad bean in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the area of broad bean leaves, eaten by pea leaf weevil beetle in the 12 hour intervals. In addition, absolute deterrence index and palatability index were calculated. As a result of the observation no significant limiting effect of fennel seed aqueous extracts on the feeding of the pea leaf weevil females was shown. All of the used fennel extracts had inhibitory effect on the feeding of male S. linetaus and the strongest effect of extracts was observed in the first 36 hours of the experiment. The high values of the palatability index (particularly for the females) with relatively low absolute deterrence index, indicate limited possibilities of the use of aqueous extracts from fennel seeds for the protection against the feeding of the beetles from the genus Sitona.

4

The Effects of Water Extracts from Tansy on Pea Leaf Weevil and Black Bean Aphid

100%

Kwiecień N. , Gospodarek J. , Boligłowa E.

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tom Vol. 21, nr 3

220--227

EN

The purpose of the research conducted was to define the impact of the various aqueous extract concentrations, prepared from the dried (in concentrations 2%, 5% and 10%) and fresh (in concentrations 10%, 20% and 30%) tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) mass, on the feeding of pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.), and the mortality rate of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). The studies showed that in order to limit the feeding of pea leaf weevils considerably, it is necessary to use at least 5% extract of the dried tansy mass or 20% extract of the fresh tansy mass. The impeding effect on the feeding of pea leaf weevils was correlated positively with the extract concentration. The insecticide effect of the aqueous extract of tansy on black bean aphid was revealed not earlier than after 12 hours with the use of at least 20% extract of the fresh tansy mass and 5% extract of the dried mass (only in relation to aphid larvae). Nevertheless, the extracts of lower concentration also demonstrated the insecticide effectiveness although delayed (36–60 hours after the application). As compared to other studies conducted according to the same methodology, it was demonstrated that the tansy aqueous extracts are characteristic for a high deterrent activity in relation to the pea leaf weevil beetles (higher than the extracts of absinthe and similar to the extracts of pepper mint and sage) and a quite high aphicidal activity (higher effectiveness than in the case of the aqueous extracts of lemon balm but lower than the extracts of tarragon and absinthe).

5

The Effects of Water Extracts from Lemon Balm on Pea Leaf Weevil and Black Bean Aphid Behaviour

88%

Rusin M. , Gospodarek J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 6

139--145

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various concentrations of water extracts prepared from the fresh or dry matter of lemon balm on Sitona lineatus L. and Aphis fabae Scop. behaviour. The assessment pertaining to the feeding intensity of beetles was carried out by measuring the surface of feeds caused by S. lineatus. While examining the effect of extracts on A. fabae, the mortality of wingless female and aphid larvae was determined. In the studies on the olfactory reaction glass olfactometer "Y tube" and 4 armed arena olfactometer were used. The results of the experiment showed that the water extract prepared from dry matter of lemon balm with 2% concentration limited the feeding of both female and male of S. lineatus. The increase in the mortality of the black bean aphid females and larvae was obtained only after applying the extracts from fresh and dry matter at highest concentrations. The evident deterrent reaction of the odour substances obtained from the lemon balm plants towards the beetles of S. lineatus, could find application in ecological farms via introducing the plant as an accompanying crop to the main crops. The winged individuals of A. fabae did not react to the abovementioned factor.

6

Assessment of the ancestral use of garlic ( Allium sativum) and nettle ( Urtica dioica) as botanical insecticides in the protection of mesquite ( Prosopis laevigata) seeds against bruchins

88%

González-Macedo M. , Cabirol N. , Rojas-Oropeza M. , González-Macedo M. , Cabirol N. , Rojas-Oropeza M.

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7

Life table parameters of the parasitoid Cephalonomia tarsalis (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae) and its host the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Silvanidae)

88%

Eliopoulos P. A. , Eliopoulos P. A.

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8

Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes from biopreparations in hen manure

88%

Pezowicz E.

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2004

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tom Vol. 11, nr 11

1297-1301

EN

Sensibility of invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes used in biopreparations to control harmful pests to hen manure was tested under laboratory conditions. The study was aimed to select the least sensitive nematodes, which might be used to control populations of the lesser mealworm in poultry farms. Nematodes constituting four biopreparations: Entonem, Nemaplus, Owinema (based on S. feltiae) and Larvanem (based on H. bacteriophora) were tested. Three concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10% of hen manure were used with water as a control. Concentration of 10% of hen manure resulted in total mortality of all tested nematodes after 24 hours. Concentration of 1% showed low toxicity to nematodes and mortality was comparable with that in the controI. Concentration of 5% appeared to be least toxic to Owinema and Nemaplus.

PL

W warunkach laboratoryjnych zbadano wrażliwość larw inwazyjnych nicieni entomopatogenicznych wchodzących w skład biopreparatów służących do zwalczania szkodliwych owadów na odchody kurze. Celem badań było wytypowanie najmniej wrażliwych nicieni, które można by wykorzystać do redukcji liczebności populacji pleśniakowca lśniącego szkodnika występującego w fermach kurzych. Przetestowano nicienie wchodzące w skład czterech biopreparatów: Entonem, Nemaplus, Owinema z S. feltiae jako składnikiem aktywnym oraz Larvanem, którego składnikiem są nicienie H. megidis. Do badań wykorzystano trzy stężenia rekstraktu odchodów kurzych 1%, 5% oraz 10%, natomiast kontrolę stanowiła czysta woda. Stężenie 10% odchodów kurzych spowodowało całkowitą śmiertelność wszystkich badanych nicieni po 24 godzinach. Stężenie 1 % było stosunkowo mało toksyczne dla nicieni. Śmiertelność była porównywalna ze śmiertelnością w kontroli. Stężenie 5% najmniej toksyczne okazało dla biopreparatów Owinema i Nemaplus.

9

Effects of biological and fungicidal environmental protection on chemical composition of tomato and red pepper fruits

75%

Cwalina-Ambroziak B. , Amarowicz R.

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nr 4

EN

The experimental materials comprised the fruits of tomato cv. Robin F1 and red pepper cv. Mira harvested from plants sprayed three times with the growth regulator Asahi SL, the biostimulator Biochikol 020 PC, the biocontrol agent Polyversum, and the fungicide Bravo 500 SC. Control plants were sprayed with sterile water. Total fruit yield, average fruit weight, and the concentrations of total extract, pectin, reducing sugars, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were determined. Biological and fungicidal control contributed to an increase in the yield and average weight of tomato and pepper fruit. The protective treatments had no effect on the content of extract and reducing sugars in tomato and red pepper fruit. The applied biological and fungicidal control agents were negatively correlated with the concentrations of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in tomato fruit, and positively with the pectin content of tomato and red pepper fruit.

10

Studies on the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of animals in the stables

75%

Wojciechowska I. , Kamionek M. , Morytz B.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2013

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tom 52

EN

The study was aimed at selecting species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes to be used in practical control of the housefly in stables, which should provide welfare of bred animals. Test insect, the housefly, and entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were used in experiments. Laboratory strains of nematodes and those commercially available in Poland and in Europe were used in performed tests. Larvae, pupae and imagines of M. domestica were cultivated in the Institute of Organic Industry in Warsaw. Four groups were created for each nematode species. Not all nematode species and strains were equally pathogenic to houseflies.

PL

Biologiczne metody zwalczania muchy domowej w stajniach. Doświadczenia miały na celu wybór gatunków i szczepów nicieni owadobójczych, które zostaną wykorzystane w praktycznym zwalczaniu muchy domowej w stajni, co powinno zapewnić dobrostan zwierzętom hodowlanym. Owad testowy - mucha i owadobójcze nicienie z rodziny Steinernematidae i Heterorhabditidae zostały wykorzystane w eksperymentach. Laboratoryjne szczepy nicieni i w Polsce i w Europie tych dostępnych na rynku zostały wykorzystane w przeprowadzonych testach. Larwy, poczwarki i owady dorosłe M. domestica były hodowane w Instytucie Przemysłu Organicznego w Warszawie. Cztery grupy zostały stworzone dla każdego gatunku nicieni. Nie wszystkie gatunki nicieni i szczepy były równie zjadliwe dla much.

11

The major biological approaches in the integrated pest management of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

75%

Woldemelak W. A.

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2020

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tom 28

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nr 1

12

The Effect of Water Extracts From Winter Savory on Black Bean Aphid Mortality

75%

Rusin M. , Gospodarek J. , Biniaś B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 1

101--105

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts prepared from fresh and dry matter of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) on mortality of wingless females and larvae of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Dry extracts were prepared at concentration of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant at concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Stomach poisoning of extracts was determined by soaking broad bean leaves in the respective solutions, and then determining mortality of wingless female and larvae feeding on leaves thus prepared at 12 hour intervals. The results of the experiment showed that the extract prepared from dry matter at the highest concentration (10%), as well as the extracts from fresh matter at concentration of 20% and 30% contributed to an increase in mortality of wingless female of black bean aphid. Meanwhile, extracts prepared from both dry and fresh matter at two highest concentrations caused an increase in mortality of larvae of this pest. Furthermore, with increasing concentrations of analysed extracts prepared from both fresh and dry matter of winter savory, their negative effect on wingless females and larvae usually increase.

13

Wykorzystanie grzyba owadobójczego Isaria fumosorosea do zwalczania szkodników w uprawie bobiku

75%

Kuźniar T. , Ropek D. , Kulig B.

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tom Vol. 8, No. 1

201--207

PL

Celem badań było określenie skuteczności zastosowania zarodników grzyba owadobójczego Isaria fumosorosea (szczep AP 112) w ograniczaniu szkodliwości oprzędzika pręgowanego (Sitona lineatus L.) oraz strąkowca bobowego (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.) w uprawie bobiku. Doświadczenie poletkowe przeprowadzono w latach 2010-2011 w Prusach koło Krakowa. W doświadczeniu zastosowano dwie formy ochrony: zaprawianie nasion zarodnikami grzyba owadobójczego I. fumosorosea oraz opryskiwanie roślin zawiesiną zarodników w okresie wegetacyjnym. W obydwu formach ochrony zastosowano dawkę 1 · 1013 zarodników na ha. Zastosowana ochrona nie wpłynęła istotnie na procent liści uszkodzonych przez chrząszcze oprzędzika pręgowanego, natomiast wpłynęła na ograniczenie stopnia uszkodzeń brodawek korzeniowych bobiku, powodowanych przez larwy oprzędzika pręgowanego. Ponadto, w przypadku roślin chronionych, nasiona bobiku były w mniejszym stopniu uszkadzane przez strąkowca bobowego.

EN

The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea (AP 112 strain) in limiting the harm caused by the pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.) and the broad bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.) in faba bean cultivation. Experiments in the field were conducted in 2010-2011 in Prusy, near Kraków. Two methods of application were used: seeds dressing with I. fumosorosea spores and spraying the plants with a spore suspension during the growing season. In both cases, I. fumosorosea was applied at a rate of 1 · 1013 spores · ha–1. The applied insecticide did not significantly influence the percentage of faba bean leaves damaged by the pea leaf weevil, but did reduce the damage to the plant’s radicular nipples of faba bean. Furthermore, faba bean seeds that were protected by I. fumosorosea were less damaged by the broad bean weevil.

14

Biocontrol of common vole populations by avian predators versus rodenticide application

75%

Machar I. , Hermacek J. , Vrublova K. , Filippovova J. , Brus J.

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 3

EN

This paper presents results of a study focused on using the increased predation pressure of avian raptors for biocontrol of local populations of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in Haná (Czech Republic), a region of traditional agriculture in central Europe. Five raptor perches per hectare were installed on fields (total number of perches installed per year was 625) during two vole outbreaks in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The importance of the installed perches for the abundance of raptors during both outbreaks was evaluated based on the overall raptor counting along a transect. The results imply that supporting aggregations of raptors on agricultural arable land by means of installed artificial perches can increase the predation pressure on M. arvalis at the onset and during its population outbreaks. The density of raptors was low in fields without installed perches, although the local vole population was reaching its peak densities (2100 active burrows per hectare). In contrast, the density of raptors in fields with installed perches was markedly high. The results showed that the cost of biological control applied to agricultural land with an ongoing vole outbreak may sum up to approx. 50% of the rodenticide application costs (with equal efficiencies of both methods reducing the common vole abundance below the economic injury level).

15

Bacteriophage receptors, mechanisms of phage adsorption and penetration into host cell

75%

Rakhuba D. V. , Kolomiets E. I. , Szwajcer Dey E. , Novik G. I.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2010

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tom 59

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nr 3

EN

Bacteriophages are an attractive tool for application in the therapy of bacterial infections, for biological control of bacterial contamination of foodstuffs in the alimentary industry, in plant protection, for control of water-borne pathogens, and control of environmental microflora. This review is mainly focused on structures governing phage recognition of host cell and mechanisms of phage adsorption and penetration into microbial cell.

16

The Effects of Water Extracts from Lemon Balm on Colorado Potato Beetle Behaviour

75%

Rusin M. , Gospodarek J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 5

122--127

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various concentrations of water extracts prepared from the fresh or dry mass of lemon balm on the feeding of Colorado potato beetle larvae in L2 and L4 stages. The extracts from the dry matter were prepared at the concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10% and from the fresh matter at the concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. The feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the mass of food consumed by larvae, as well as the changes of larvae body weight. In the studies on the olfactory reaction of adult insects, a glass “Y-tube” olfactometer was used. The feeding by L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle was effectively limited by the extract prepared from the dry matter of lemon balm with 10% concentration. The larvae at L2 stage turned out to be more susceptible to the effects of extracts – the extracts in almost all used concentrations limited the feeding of the studied pest. The body weight gain in L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle were effectively limited by the extracts prepared from the dry plants of lemon balm in as low concentration as 5%. However, the effect of extracts prepared from the fresh matter of lemon balm plants was effective in limiting the body weight gain of L4 larvae at the minimum concentration of 20%, whereas for L4 larvae the effective concentration was 30%. The evident deterrent reaction of odour substances originating from lemon balm plants towards the females of Colorado potato beetle was found. The males did not react to the above-mentioned factor.

17

Insight into tick biocontrol with special regard to fungi

75%

Lonc E. , Guz-Regner K. , Kiewra D. , Szczepanska A.

Annals of Parasitology

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2014

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tom 60

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nr 3

EN

The epidemiological and epizootic importance of ticks has been known for a few decades since of the discovery of their role as vectors of many new diseases, and the better detection of those already known. Given the durability of chemical preparations in the environment and the increasing problem of developing tick resistance, natural strategies for biological control are sought. A promising alternative to chemical pesticides is the use of entomopathogenic organisms for effective integrated pest management of low environmental impact. A number of promising microbes have been identified during the search for effective means of controlling the tick population, but the knowledge about the impact of these pathogens on the environment and other non-target organisms is still insufficient. Previous research has still not provided a definite answer about the safety of their use. It is known, however, that the chemicals which are currently used have a negative impact on the environment and/or cause resistance. No efficient biocompound has yet been devised for commercial use. Potential microorganisms for tick biocontrol (mainly bacteria and fungi) are natural tick pathogens, living in the same environment. With their adhesive properties, and their ability to digest the cuticle, they may constitute an appropriate ingredient of bioacaricides. Until now, fungal insecticides have been used only to control crop pests.

18

A comparison between Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) and P. fluorescens in biological control of cotton seedling damping-off disease

75%

Samavat S. , Heydari A. , Zamanizadeh H. R. , Rezaee S. , Aliabadi A. A.

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nr 2

EN

Due to the importance of the biological control of plant diseases, testing and introducing new biocontrol-active microorganisms is a major concern among plant pathologists. The causal agent of cotton seedling damping-off disease is Rhizoctonia solani. In this regard, we tried to investigate the antagonistic activities of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) 30–84 (phenazine producing wild type and non-phenazine producing mutant) strains on R. solani, in comparison with some isolates of P. fluorescent under both in vitro (laboratory) and in vivo (greenhouse) conditions. In the laboratory experiment, the inhibitory effects of all the bacteria, on the growth of R. solani, were evaluated using the dual culture procedure. Results showed that five isolates of P. fluorescent along with both strains of P. aureofaciens significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. Effective bacterial antagonists were then evaluated in a greenhouse experiment where cotton seeds were coated with their suspensions and were sown in pasteurised field-soil. The soil had been pre-inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani. The efficacy of the bacterial antagonists was evaluated by counting the number of surviving seedlings in different treatments, at 15 and 60 days after sowing, for determining pre- and post-emergence damping-off incidence. According to the results of the greenhouse experiment, at both intervals, two isolates of P. fluorescens along with both strains of P. aureofaciens caused significant increases in the number of healthy seedlings, in comparison with the untreated control, and a commonly used fungicide (carboxin-thiram). The efficacy of phenazine producing a wild type strain of P. aureofaciens was higher than its non-phenazine producing mutant, indicating that phenazine plays an important role in the antagonistic activity of P. aureofaciens. Effective bacterial antagonists were then studied for their antagonistic mechanisms. The results showed that all four bacteria employed different mechanisms. The bacteria produced siderophore, and volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites, in their antagonistic activities. The results of this study suggest that P. auerofaciens may be a new biocontrol agent for controlling cotton seedling mortality disease.

19

The stink bug, Andrallus spinidens (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a potential predator for effective biological control

75%

Zibaee A. , Ramzi S. , Hoda H. , Zibaee A. , Ramzi S. , Hoda H.

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20

Use of microorganisms in plant protection against fungal diseases

75%

Nowocien K. , Sokolowska B.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2020

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tom 603