Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Diversity of the TSI Indicators of the Middle-Forest Small Retention Reservoir

100%

Szczykowska J. , Siemieniuk A. , Wiater J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 5

54--61

EN

Studies upon the trophic status were carried out using water samples from a small retention reservoir Topiło located in a particularly valuable natural forests of Puszcza Białowieska. In order to assess the degree of Topiło reservoir contamination, three measurement and control points were selected for testing, which were situated near the inflow (point No. 1) and outflow (point No. 3) of river Perebel, as well as in the middle part of the reservoir (point No. 2). The selection and placement of measurement and control points on the reservoir was dictated by the ability to capture changes in the study object. Tests of water samples collected from the surface layer of the coastal zone, were carried out once a month during the period from April 2007 to March 2014. The following determinations in collected water samples were performed: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll “a”, and turbidity. The trophic level of Topiło reservoir was also assessed according to the concentration criteria and based on the trophic status indices (TSI) calculated after Carlson’s as well as Kratzer and Brezonik’s. Given the annual average value of overall trophic level (Trophic Sta-tus Index), the dominant role of the TSI (TP) during all years of research attracts some attention. The TSI index values ranged within 78.3–80.26, which allowed to classify the water of Topiło reservoir as hypertrophic. The research indicates an advanced and constantly progressive degradation of water quality in Topiło reservoir. Values of TSI (Chl) were in the range of 49.2–77.35 and therefore water status in winter can be defined as eutrophic indicating the hypertrophy in remaining periods under study. Additional investments planned for advance reclamation treatments should be necessarily taken into consideration at the stage of planning and design of new small water retention reservoirs. Topiło reservoir requires modernization and reclamation, it is also necessary to clean it up, especially the bottom pond, out of the stocked wood residues, as well as to remove the excess of sludge.

2

Eutrophication as a Priority Issue of Water Quality in Small Retention Reservoirs

100%

Siemieniuk A. , Szczykowska J. , Wiater J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 3

143--147

EN

The study aimed at comparing changes in the trophic status of waters in two small retention reservoirs “Otapy-Kiersnówek” and “Jasionówka”, located in the Podlasie region, which have a similar way of management and the similarity of catchments, using the TSI trophy indicators. The obtained results show that total phosphorus is the limiting factor in both reservoirs. Analyzing the average annual value of TSI in the tested waters, it was found that both reservoirs can be classified as hypertrophic. Trophic state of the tested waters is strictly dependent on the processes taking place in their vicinity. The reservoirs revealed a clear effect of a surface runoff on water quality. Factors that favor the poor quality of water in both reservoirs are unfavorable morphometric conditions of reservoirs due to their small depth, which allows continuous mixing and strong heating of water in spring and summer. Additional causes can include an open space around the reservoirs and the lack of high vegetation that would shield the edges against the wind, which facilitates often mixing of waters to the bottom and resuspension of bottom sediments, which in turn increases the concentration of phosphorus in water.

3

Statistical process control of removal of nitrogen compounds in the wastewater treatment plant in Krosno

100%

Wąsik E. , Jurík L. , Chmielowski K. , Operacz A. , Bugajski P.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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tom nr IV/2

1699--1711

EN

The aim of the paper was to determine the possibility of the use of Shewhart control charts to monitor changes in the forms of nitrogen, showing the quality of wastewater discharged from the wastewater treatment plant in Krosno in the years 2010-2015. The performed statistical analysis showed the highest number of cases of elevated nitrate nitrogen and/or ammonium nitrogen when the temperature of treated wastewater was below 8-9°C. This low temperature resulted in adverse effect on the activity of bacteria that were involved in biological removal of nitrogen. It was found that in the winter months, the second stage of nitrifying bacteria responsible for oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, exhibited higher activity than the denitrifying bacteria. Graphical presentation of total nitrogen content using control charts for the mean of the process revealed the exceedance of the upper specification line (USL = 10 mgNtot·dm-3) in the months from December to April. It was observed that the total nitrogen removal process in the months from June to November was stable with a very high 90% reduction in biogenic activity. The obtained results confirm the efficacy of control charts as a tool which can easily be applied in the statistical process control of total nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants.

4

Biogenne związki halogenoorganiczne

100%

Mastalerz P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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1998

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tom [Z] 52, 9-10

643--671

PL

Nawoływania organizacji 'proekologicznych' do zaniechania przemysłowej produkcji związków chloru spowodowały wzrost zainteresowania związkami fluorowców w biosferze. W dyskusji na temat zagrożeń wywołanych przez związki chloroorganiczne pochodzenia przemysłowego zabrała nawet głos Międzynarodowa Unia Chemii Czystej i Stosowanej (IUPAC), wydając w roku 1996 specjalny zeszyt czasopisma 'Pure and Applied Chemistry', zatytułowany IUPAC White Book on Chlorine [1]. Interesującym przyczynkiem do dyskusji uczonych z ekowojownikami jest artykuł pt. Rachel's Folly:: The End of Chlorine, rozpowszechniany przez Internet [2]. Moim głosem w tej dyskusji jest artykuł w 'Wiadomościach Chemicznych' pt. Organiczne związki fluorowców w biosferze [3]. W niniejszym opracowaniu zupełnie pomijam sprawy ochrony środowiska i ograniczam się do pokazania chemicznej różnorodności biogennych związków halogenoorganicznych, ich rozpowszechnienia w przyrodzie i aktywności biologicznej. Ogrom zagadnienia (około 2400 związków opisanych w ponad 2200 publikacjach ogłoszonych do roku 1994 [4] narzucił konieczność daleko idącej selekcji cytowanego piśmiennictwa i ograniczenia omawianych związków do najbardziej reprezentatywnych przykładów. Dla prostoty pomijam we wzorach szczegóły stereochemiczne. Wzory pokazujące nie tylko konstytucję, ale także przestrzenną budowę wszystkich biogennych związków halogenoorganicznych opisanych do połowy roku 1994 zawiera monografia G.W. Gribble'a [4].

EN

For proper assessment and understanding of the environmental impact of industrial organohalogen compounds it is necessary to consider also the emission of these compounds from natural sources. This, however, is usually omitted from discussions on environmental pollution by chemical industry although there is ample evidence that the scale of synthesis of organohalogens by bacteria, plants and animals is much larger than their production by human endeavour. Recent developments demonstrate that all forms of life synthesize organohalogen compounds. The total number of biogenic compounds containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine which have been isolated from microorganisms, plants and animals as of 1997 approaches three thousands and is growing rapidly. The halogens apper in all conceivable types of chemical structures from simple halogenated alkanes to plicyclic molecules of astounding complexity. This review presents a selection of over one hundred structures ranging from methyl chloride to prymnesin, a molecule containing three chlorine atoms attached to a polyunsaturated, continuous chain of 90 carbon atoms twisting its way through thirteen tetrahydropyran and one oxacycloheptane ring. The main focus is on chemical structures but there are provided also the sources of origin of individual compounds and brief comments on biological activity.

5

Symptoms of Water Eutrophication in the Bachmaty Reservoir

100%

Siemieniuk A. , Szczykowska J. , Wiater J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 4

89--95

EN

When analyzing the symptoms of eutrophication and water quality in a small retention reservoir Bachmaty, an attempt to assess changes in its trophic condition before and after modernization, was undertaken. The study upon changes in water trophic level was carried out on a small retention reservoir Bachmaty located in Podlasie region on the Orlanka river in the municipality of Dubicze Cerkiewne. Tests of water samples collected from the surface layer of the coastal zone were performed once a month, and the time of the research was divided into two periods. The first period was conducted since April 2007 to March 2008 and since April 2009 to March 2010. The second research period included the time immediately after the reservoir reclamation, which ended in May 2011. The study was conducted since May 2011 to March 2012 and since April 2013 to March 2014. The trophic level of Bachmaty reservoir was also assessed according to the concentration criteria and based on the trophic status indices (TSI) calculated after Carlson’s as well as Kratzer and Brezonik’s. Reclamation of the reservoir, which consisted mainly in removing the sediments, caused a reduction in all TSI values. Analysing the overall trophic level index, i.e. the average of TSI (TP), TSI (TN), and TSI (Chl), water of the Bachmaty reservoir may be classified as eutrophic in individual years of the research, although a gradual decline in the TSI value could be observed directly after the reservoir modernizing. After testing it was found that the formation of the trophic level of Bachmaty reservoir was largely affected by the amount of total phosphorus supplied to the water. Water quality in the reservoirs, and also the content of phosphorus compounds is largely determined by external supply.

6

Operating difficulties of small water reservoir located in Wasilkow

100%

Siemieniuk A. , Szczykowska J. , Wiater J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 1

122--126

EN

When considering the issue of the functioning of small water reservoirs, the attempt to assess changes in trophy of small retention reservoir located in Wasilkow, Podlasie, before and after remediation, was carried out. Water samples tests were carried out once a month from April 2007 to March 2008, from April 2009 to March 2010 (before remediation), and from April 2013 to March 2014 (after removal of silt). Prior to works related to the reservoir remediation, a gradual increase in the number of tested contaminants and disturbances in the seasonal occurrence of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were observed. Advanced eutrophic processes in Wasilków reservoir occur probably due to the supply of large amounts of humic and biogenic substances from the catchment, because a significant percentage of its area is covered by forests and agricultural lands. The development of the trophic status of the reservoir is largely influenced by the amount of phosphorus and total nitrogen supplied to the reservoir; the least affected by chlorophyll “a”. Comparing the analyses performed in 2007/2008 and 2009/2010, a slight, but growing trend of average trophic levels of water in the basin Wasilków was found. Studies conducted in 2013/2014 revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of all analyzed pollutants, and hence lower TSI values. It can be concluded that the reclamation associated with the removal of sediments brought the expected results.

7

Agricultural pollution and water quality in small retention reservoir in Korycin

100%

Szczykowska J. , Siemieniuk A. , Wiater J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 1

141--146

EN

The study aimed at determining the changes in the trophic status of the processes associated with the risk of eutrophication in small retention reservoir in Korycin, characterized by agricultural performance of direct and indirect catchment. The study was conducted using the surface water samples that were collected systematically every month over four hydrological years (2008 to 2014) from three research points. Mean annual concentration of total phosphorus varied from 0.641 mg P/dm3 during research conducted in 2007/2008 to 0.874 mg P/dm3 in 2013/2014 showing an increasing trend from year to year. Taking into account the calculated average values, an upward trend can be seen along with particular years of the study from the annual average value of 1.44 mg N/dm3 determined in the first year to the value of 2.66 mg N/dm3 recorded in the last year of the study. It was observed during the study that in non-flowing parts of Korycin reservoir, plankton developed more abundantly than in the central fragments, where the flow of water is more intensive. A mild growth of phytoplankton in the waters of Korycin reservoir is provided by relatively low concentrations of chlorophyll “a” found during all research periods. Concentrations of chlorophyll “a” in waters of the reservoir were within the range of 4.08 to 5.21 g/dm3. At a Schindler coefficient > 2, this value, based on the Decree of the Minister of the Environment of 2011, should not exceed 7 and therefore waters of the Korycin reservoir during the research can be classified as the first class. Values of the general trophic level (Trophic State Index) during the first three years of the study ranged from 67.15 to 68.65, which enabled to count waters of the reservoir in Korycin to eutrophic ones. In the last year of the analyzes, this coefficient increased to a value of 72.43, classifying its waters as hypertrophic. The largest share in such a situation was expressed by TSI (TP), which ranged from 97.34 to 101.82, always classifying the waters to hypertrophic ones. In contrast, the indicator TSI (TN) ranged from 59.71 to 68.57 and it classified the reservoir waters to eutrophic, while TSI (Chl) to mesotrophic.

8

The volume of wet and dry atmospheric deposition in the area around Goczałkowice Reservoir between 2011–2013

88%

Leśniok M. , Zimnol J.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2016

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tom 4

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nr 3

56-68

EN

Research on wet and dry pollution deposition was carried out at two measurement points situated on opposite sides of the Goczałkowice Reservoir. On the east side was a station in Goczałkowice and on the west side was a station in Frelichów. Meteorological monitoring was conducted at four points situated in the vicinity of the reservoir. On the basis of the research carried out between 2011–2013 it was concluded that the size of dry and wet deposition in the area of the Goczałkowice Reservoir is diversified in particular years, seasons and months. Due to high precipitation and biological processes (activity of flora and fauna) the pollutant loads in the form of biogenic compounds (nitrogen and phosphorus) are the highest in the summer season. Whereas pollutant inputs in the form of dry deposition are highest in the winter season (heating season), which in the case of a thick ice and snow cover in the spring time causes their accumulation and increased input into the reservoir water (thawing weather, snow-melt season). In relation to the 1970s the size of the deposition became smaller, but in the case of biogenic compounds it was diversified. A decrease was observed in the case of total nitrogen but an increase in the case of phosphorus. On the basis of a comparison of the received results with the data provided by the Provincial Inspector for Environmental Protection and calculated for the annual area deposition of the Pszczyna district in 2011 it appears that deposition of total nitrogen in the reservoir area slightly exceeded the area value. In the case of total phosphorus in relation to the area data the deposition was over twice as high, which indicates that biogenic compounds are still a significant load of atmospheric deposition in the reservoir area.

9

Rola zbiornika małej retencji w kształtowaniu jakości wód powierzchniowych

75%

Wiater J. , Siemieniuk A. , Szczykowska J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2012

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tom Nr 6

277-280

PL

Celem badań była ocena jakości wód w zbiorniku Jasionówka i jego wpływ na wody cieku Brzozówka. Badania wykonano w oparciu o próbki wód pobranych w latach 2007-2010, raz w miesiącu od marca do grudnia, w trzech punktach: na wpływie do zbiornika, w zbiorniku i na wypływie ze zbiornika. Stwierdzono, że stężenie azotu mineralnego, fosfo-ranów i wartość ChZT-Mn podlegała zmianom sezonowym w latach prowadzenia badań. Osady denne zbiornika akumulowały substancję organiczną i jony NH4+ dopływające ze zlewni. Z wodami odpływającymi ze zbiornika przemieszczało się więcej fosforanów do wód płynących, co jest efektem uruchamiania fosforu zgromadzonego w zbiorniku. Zbiornik nie miał wpływu na ograniczenie odpływu azotanów.

EN

The aim of researches was the assessment of water quality in Jasionówka reservoir and its influence on waters of Brzozówka watercourse. The researches were done on the basis of water samples taken in the period of2007-2010, once a month from March to December, in three points: on the inflow to the reservoir, in the reservoir and on the outflow of the reservoir. It was stated that the concentration of mineral nitrogen, phosphates and the value of COD-Mn was exposed to seasonable changes in the period of conducted experiments. Bottom sediments of this reservoir accumulated organic matter and NH4+ ions flowing out from the basin. Together with waters flowing out from the reservoir, phosphates were migrating to flowing waters, which was the effect of releasing of phosphorus accumulated in the reservoir. The reservoir did not influence the limiting of nitrates outflow.

10

Eliminacja związków biogennych ze ścieków w złożu roślinno-gruntowym typu VSB

75%

Miernik W.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2003

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tom R. 7, nr 3, t. 1

67--75

PL

Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań z lat 1998-2002 nad eliminacją związków biogennych ze ścieków w złożu roślinno-gruntowym typu VSB obsadzonym wierzbą wiciową(Salix viminalis). Badania wykonano na obiekcie przeznaczonym do całorocznego oczyszczania ścieków bytowych odpływających z plebani kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Moszczenicy (pow. gorlicki). Zebrane wyniki analiz zawartości azotu ogólnego, amonowego, azotynowego i azotanowego oraz fosforanów w dopływie i odpływie ze złoża opracowano statystycznie oddzielnie dla sezonu wegetacyjnego i pozawegetacyjnego. Stwierdzono, że stężenia oznaczanych form azotu i fosforu w odpływie ze złoża były w obu wydzielonych sezonach zbliżone do siebie, a występujące różnice w świetle wykonanych obliczeń statystycznych nieistotne. W ściekach oczyszczonych niezależnie od sezonu dominującą formą azotu był azot amonowy, co wskazuje na słabe tempo procesów nitryfikacyjnych zachodzących w złożu. Oceniając eliminacje związków biogennych przez pryzmat jej procentowej redukcji, należy uznać ją za zadowalającą. Kształtowała się ona w przypadku azotu ogólnego średnio na poziomie 48,9 % w sezonie wegetacyjnym i 40,7 % w sezonie pozawegetacyjnym, azotu amonowego - odpowiednio: 47,6 % i 42,2 % oraz fosforanów - 43,7 Cr i 43,1 %.

EN

The paper contains results of imestigations carried out in the years 1998-2002 on elimination of biogenic compounds from sewage in the plant-ground bed of the VSB type, planted by basket willow (Salw viminalis). The imestigations were carried out on the object assigned for yearly treatment of domestic waste outflow-ing from a presbytery of the roman-catholic church located in Moszczenica (administrative dislrict of Gorlice). The presbytery is occupied for good by three inhabitants. Collected results of analysis of total, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen as well as phosphates contents in inflow and outflow from the bed were analysed statistically for the growing and extra growing seasons separately. It was stated that concentrations of determined forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in outflow from the bed were similar in both seasons, and occurred differences were statistically insignificant. In treated waste irrespective of the season ammonium nitrogen was the prevailing form of nitrogen. It shows low rate of nitryfying processes taking place in the bed. Assessing the climination of biogenic compounds taking into account their percentage reduction it can be recognized as satisfactory. It amounted on an average: 48,9 % for total nitrogen during the growing season and 40,7 % during the extra growing season, 47,6 % and 42,2 % for ammonium nitrogen during the growing and extra growing seasons respectively, while for phosphates average values were 43,7 % and 43,1 % for both seasons respectively.

11

Ładunki wybranych związków biogennych wnoszone i wynoszone ze Zbiornika Dobczyckiego z wodami rzeki Raby w latach 1999-2002

75%

Krzanowski S. , Spytek M. , Wałęga A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2003

|

tom R. 7, nr 3, t. 2

207--219

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wielkością ładunku związków biogennych (azotu amonowego –NH4, azotynowego –NO2, azotanowego –NO3 i fosforanów –PO4) wnoszonych i wynoszonych ze Zbiornika Dobczyckiego wraz z wodami rzeki Raby w latach 1999-2002. Z różnicy wielkości ładunku w dopływie (przekrój Osieczany) i w odpływie ze zbiornika (przekrój Dobczyce) określono wielkość retencji analizowanych związków biogennych w czaszy zbiornika przy normalnym poziomie piętrzenia. Stosując kryterium Vollenweidera, stwierdzono, że ładunki związków fosforu zdeponowane w zbiorniku są przekroczone o 28% w stosunku do wielkości dopuszczalnej, co pozwala wnioskować o groźbie eutrofizacji wód zmagazynowanych w zbiorniku. Powyższe zjawisko związane jest z wadliwym użytkowaniem zlewni zbiornika przejawiającym się znaczną przewagą gruntów ornych (44,7%) nad użytkami zielonymi (8,6%), co w konsekwencji zwiększa eksport mineralnych form azotu i fosforu do wód powierzchniowych oraz dopływem związków biogennych wraz ze ściekami z punktowych źródeł zanieczyszczeń.

EN

The results of investigations on biogenic compounds charges (ammonium nitrogen -NH4, nitrite nitrogen –NO2, nitrate nitrogen –NO3, and phosphates –PO4) carried in and carried out from the Dobczyce reservoir with the Raba river water in the years 1999-2002 were presented in the work. Retention of analysed biogenic compounds in the reservoir bowl at normal water damming level was determined taking into account difference in charges at inflow (the Osieczany section) and outflow (the Dobczyce section). Using the Vollenweider criterion it was stated that charges of phosphorus compounds deposited in the reservoir are exceeded by 28 percent in relation to permissible value, what testify to water eutrofication threat. The above phenomenon is connected with defective reservoir basin use consisting in excellent majority of arable lands (44,7%) in comparison to grasslands (8,6%), what increases in consequence exportation of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus to surface water. It is also connected with inlow of biogenic compounds with sewage from point emission sources.

12

Ocena ładunków związków biogennych wymywanych ze zlewni cieku Dębina

75%

Sojka M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2009

|

tom Tom 11

1225-1234

PL

Zasoby wodne powstają głównie na obszarach rolnych i leśnych, które stanowią odpowiednio około 51 i 29% powierzchni Polski. Wymywane z terenów użytkowanych rolniczo organiczne i mineralne substancje wpływają niekorzystnie na jakość wód powierzchniowych, niekiedy w większym stopniu niż odprowadzane do nich wody zanieczyszczone ściekami przemysłowymi. Decydujący wpływ na jakość i ilość wód ma prawidłowe gospodarowanie wodą w krajobrazie rolniczym, u źródeł powstawania zasobów wodnych. W celu ochrony wód przed zanieczyszczeniami obszarowymi konieczne jest racjonalne kształtowanie krajobrazu poprzez tworzenie wśród pól uprawnych barier biogeochemicznych, które w istotny sposób powstrzymują odpływ składników chemicznych.

EN

The aim of this research was an assessment of water quality and biogenic compounds loads eluted from the small catchment of the Dębina River. The river flows through the Kłeckie Lake which is strongly polluted and susceptible to degradation [5]. The basis of this paper were results of field study conducted in 2007 hydrological year in the catchment of the Dębina River down to Borzątew cross-section. Assessment of a physico-chemical state of the river was made according to Polish river water quality standards [6, 7]. Annual loads of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus were computed on the basis of statistical methods [4]. Total nitrogen and phosphorus loads were calculated as products of the mean flow and mean concentrations of Nog. and Pog. The water of Dębina River were characterized by a high concentration of nitrate and low concentration of ammonium nitrogen. Mean concentrations of nitrite ranged from 6.0 mg NO3∙dm-3 in summer half year to 54.8 mg NO3∙dm-3 in winter half year. The annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were differentiated. The nitrate nitrogen loads leaching from the catchment were the highest and equal to 10.25 N-NO3 kg∙ha-1∙yr-1, and nitrite nitrogen loads were the lowest and equal to 0.12 N-NO2 kg∙ha-1∙yr-1. Analyses of nitrogen compounds leaching from the catchment of the Dębina River showed that in the winter half years they reached 83% of annual loads. In summer half year the loads were smaller and amounted 1.24 kg∙ha-1∙yr-1. The load of total nitrogen leaching from the catchment achieved 11.54 kg∙ha-1∙yr-1, in which nitrate nitrogen load amounted to 89% and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen about 1% only. In order to reduce nitrate nitrogen loads flowing into the Kłecko Lake it is necessary to decrease the use of fertilizers and to create biogeochemical zones along the river course and to build sewage networks.

13

Defosfatacja - ile chemii, ile biologii?

75%

Kita M.

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2003

|

tom Nr 1 (10)

8-9

14

Efektywność usuwania związków biogennych na złożach trzcinowych w okresie przed- i powegetacyjnym

75%

Aftyka T. , Frontczak T. , Mozolewska G.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Budownictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

|

1999

|

tom Z. 51

57-86

PL

Efektywność hydrobotanicznych oczyszczalni ścieków, uzyskiwana w okresie wegetacyjnym, bardzo obniża się wiosną i jesienią. Prezentowane badania są próbą uzupełnienia doświadczeń, zmierzających do określenia skuteczności gruntowo - roślinnego oczyszczania ścieków poza sezonem wegetacyjnym. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono w nich na efekt usuwania substancji biogennych w tym okresie. Sformułowane wnioski winny być wskazówką prawidłowego zastosowania i eksploatacji takich obiektów.

EN

The efficiency of the wetland wastewater treatment, which is obtained in vegetation season, abates in the spring and the autumn. Presented investigations are the attempt the completion the experiments which define the efficacy the ground -vegetation wastewater treatment behind growing season up. We pay particular attention to the efficiency of the biogenic compounds removal in this time. Formulated conclusions should be the suggestion how correct apply and exploit such objects.

15

Zapobieganie zanieczyszczeniu wód azotanami pochodzenia rolniczego – ochrona środowiska

75%

Trzaskowski P.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2019

|

tom 64

|

nr 2 (385)

139-157

EN

The article presents the findings of the audit related to prevention of water pollution with nitrate compounds coming from farms. The audit was conducted at the initiative of NIK and was a continuation of NIK’s attempts to assess the extent to which Poland complied with the obligations related to environmental protection, stemming from our accession to the European Union. The audit was dedicated to such issues as, among others, mapping waters that are sensitive to pollution with nitrate compounds coming from farms, and the areas that are most threatened with this risk; the programmes aimed at limiting the outflow of nitrate compounds from farming – with regard to their contents and implementation; the supervision and control over the activities related to preventing waters form pollution with nitrates and their effectiveness; as well as the measures aimed at providing financial support to farms for having them comply with the requirements of the nitrate directive.

16

Wpływ intensywnych opadów deszczu na wymywanie substancji biogennych ze zlewni rolniczej

75%

Krasowska M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2016

|

tom Nr 47

1--9

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów wielkości opadów atmosferycznych, natężenia przepływu oraz stężenia azotanów, fosforanów i jonów amonowych w wodach niewielkiego cieku w krajobrazie rolniczym w okolicach Białegostoku. Stwierdzono, że występowanie gwałtownych opadów deszczu może przyczynić się do pogorszenia jakości wód cieku w krajobrazie rolniczym. Stężenie substancji rozpuszczonych rośnie w trakcie zwiększonego natężenia przepływu wody w cieku, a maleje w trakcie niskich stanów wody. Podczas półrocza letniego w 2009 r. wody niewielkiego cieku transportowały około 365 kg ładunku azotanów, 12 kg jonów amonowych i około 5 kg fosforanów. Natomiast w roku 2010 w miesiącach maj – wrzesień, w wodzie cieku odnotowano około 1139 kg ładunku azotanów, 8 kg jonów amonowych i około 19 kg fosforanów. W związku z tym wezbrania wywołane opadami deszczu są okresem intensywnego wymywania biogenów.

EN

Studies on the influence of hydrological and meteorological events to leaching of NO3-, NH4+43-. were carried out in the years 2009 and 2010, in a small agricultural catchment near Bialystok. The results of measurements of weather conditions, rate of flow and chemical composition of the flow were presented in the work. It was found that a sudden rainfall is a critical period for courses in the agricultural landscape. The concentration of dissolved substances increases during the increased flow of water in the watercourse, whereas it decreases during the low water levels. In the year 2009, during the summer of a small stream of water transported about 365 kg load of nitrate, 12 kg of ammonium ions and about 5 kg of phosphate. However, in the year 2010 in the months of May – September, approximately 1139 kg load of nitrate, 8 kg of ammonium ions and about 19 kg of phosphate. Therefore, the flooding caused by pouring rains is a period of intense leaching of NO3-, NH4+43-.

17

Ocena jakości odcieków pofermentacyjnych z biogazowni komunalnych i rolniczych w aspekcie możliwości odzysku związków biogennych

75%

Tuszyńska A. , Grubba D. , Majtacz J. , Czerwionka K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

tom T. 98, nr 7

1108--1112

PL

Z odcieków pofermentacyjnych pochodzących z trzech różnych grup odpadów (rolniczych, spożywczych, zwierzęcych) wytrącano struwit. Aby uzyskać maksymalną skuteczność wytrącania fosforu i azotu, odcieki pofermentacyjne wzbogacano dodatkiem związków magnezu (MgCl2, MgSO4, MgO). Wysoką skuteczność wytrącania struwitu uzyskano w temp. 21°C, przy pH 9, intensywności mieszania 240 rpm, proporcjach molowych Mg:P = 1,2:1 oraz Mg:Ca < 1 i czasie reakcji 120 min. Stwierdzono wysoką efektywność usuwania jonów fosforanowych z odcieków pofermentacyjnych (71–98%) a jonów NH4 + w ilości 14–20%.

EN

The post-fermentation effluents contained 0.06–0.54 g/L and 0.92–2.11 g/L of PO4 3-and NH4 + ions, resp. The highest concns. of those ions were found in the effluents from the fermentation of animal waste and the lowest from the fermentation of agricultural waste. High efficiency of struvite pptn. was obtained at 21°C, pH 9, stirring intensity 240 rpm for 120 min and molar ratios of Mg:P = 1.2:1 and Mg:Ca < 1. Regardless of the type of external Mg source used (MgO, MgCl2 and MgSO4), high recovery of PO4 3- ions (71.0–98.0%), and NH4 + ions (14.0–24.0%) were found.

18

Wpływ działalności rolniczej i bytowej na zawartość związków biogennych w płytkich wodach podziemnych

75%

Skorbiłowicz M. , Wiater J. , Tomkiel K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

|

2003

|

tom Z. 16, t. 1

295--297

PL

Dokonano oceny wód studziennych w dziesięciu miejscowościach z uwzględnieniem w nich biogennych pierwiastków azotu i fosforu. Stwierdzono, że głównym źródłem zanieczyszczania wód gruntowych a także i studziennych są działania w gospodarstwie, związane oraz działalnością bytową ludności wiejskiej. z produkcja zwierzęca. Większość prób zawierała ponadnormatywną ilość azotanów III i IV oraz fosforanów.

EN

The estimation of well waters from 10 localities, regarding content of biogenic elements - nitrogen and phosphorus, was made. It was found, that a farm activity connected to animal production and vital activity of rural population, is the main source of ground and well waters pollution. The most of samples contained above-average quantity of nitrates III and IV as well as phosphates.

19

Rozkład stężenia zanieczyszczeń azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego w profilu poprzecznym rzeki Słupi

75%

Wilk P. , Orlińska-Woźniak P. , Grabarczyk A. , Gębala J.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2018

|

tom Nr 3

87--93

PL

Jednym z problemów analiz ilości związków biogennych w wodach powierzchniowych w Polsce jest niewielka ilość danych monitoringowych pochodzących głównie z Państwowego Monitoringu Środowiska, w którym częstotliwość wykonywania badań jest ciągle zbyt mała, aby można było uchwycić zmienność stężenia tych pierwiastków na przestrzeni czasu, a tym samym określić reprezentatywną ilość azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego w wybranym profilu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentu, jaki przeprowadzono w 2014 r. w jednym z profili poprzecznych rzeki Słupi - pobierano na nim próby wody w stałych odstępach czasu przez trzy doby, a następnie oznaczono w nich stężenia azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego. Eksperyment ten miał na celu analizę czasową i przestrzenną rozkładu stężeń biogenów w profilu poprzecznym rzeki i tym samym odpowiedź na pytanie czy dotychczasowe dane dotyczące stężenia biogenów mogą być użyteczne do kalibracji środowiskowych modeli matematycznych i jaki ewentualny błąd wyników modelowania wynikający z rozrzutu wyników należy założyć.

EN

One of the problems encountered during analyses of biogenic compounds in surface waters in Poland is scarce amount of monitoring data, originating mainly from the State Environmental Monitoring, where the frequency of research is still too Iow in order to grasp the variability of concentration of those elements in time and thus determine the representative quantity of total nitrogen and phosphorus in a selected profile. The artide presents the results of an experiment carried out in 2014 in one of the Słupia River transversal profiles- it consisted in collecting samples of water in fixed time intervals for three days and then determine the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The goal of the experiment was to analyse the time and spatial distribution of biogenes in the river transversal profile and thus answer the question whether the hitherto data on concentration of biogenes may be useful in calibration of environmental mathematical models and what possible error in the modelling results, resulting from the results spread, should be assumed.

20

Wpływ sposobu zagospodarowania terenu na poziom zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych związkami biogennymi na przykładzie zlewni jeziora Świdwie.

75%

Gałczyńska M. , Wybieralski J. , Siwek H.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1999

|

tom Vol. 6, nr 9

849-870

PL

Omówiono gospodarkę zlewni jeziora Świdwie. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że wody cieków zasilających jezioro Świdwie zawierają znaczne ilości związków biogennych, a najbardziej zanieczyszczonym ciekiem wodnym pod względem zawartości różnych form azotu [wzory] jest kanał BY. Ze względu na to, że stężenia nutrientów na wypływie z jeziora Świdwie są mniejsze niż na dopływach, jezioro to podlega procesowi dalszej eutrofizacji. Obecnie najistotniejszy wpływ na eurofizację jeziora ma nieuregulowana gospodarka ściekowa, a w mniejszym stopniu produkcja rolnicza poprzez wyłączenie z użytkowania gleb lekkich (63,5% powierzchni zlewni) i obniżenie poziomu nawożenia.

EN

The land management of Świdwie lake basin was described. It was found that waters coming into the lake carries considerable amounts of biogenic compounds, and the highest amounts of various nitrogen forms [formulas] carries the water of the BY canal. Since the water flowing out of Świdwie lake contains less nutrients than those comming into it, the lake is subjected to increasing eutrophication. Presently the greatest impact of the eutrophication has the unsettled sewage management, to a lesser extend the agriculture, because of sandy soils being excluded from farming (63,5%) and decreased fertilizer usage.