Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Methods Applied for Measurement and Visualization of Changes in Biodiversity

100%

Łagód G. , Chomczyńska M. , Montusiewicz A. , Malicki J. , Stransky D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 4

593-604

EN

The article presents the possible methods for determining biological or statistically significant differences between taxocenoses compared with respect to biodiversity. To obtain a complete description of biological differences between the compared hypothetical communities, the following indices were calculated: S (taxon richness), H (the Shannon index), Hmax (the maximum value of the Shannon index for the richness of taxa represented by the same number of individuals), Vd (a percentage value of covering the structural capacity of community, “evenness deficiency”), E (the MacArthur index - a taxon number (S) in a community for which the observed value of H equals Hmax), and Ps (a taxon richness shortage in percents). Moreover, a graphic profile method (Дд, Tj, and Lj profiles) was used for comparing the diversity of the communities. To obtain information about statistically significant differences in biodiversity between the analysed communities, rarefaction curves were applied. The curves are based on the null models and the Monte Carlo method. The rarefaction method resulted in determination of the statistical significance of the differences between taxon richness and Shannon's index values for the compared communities. The Vd and Ps indices and the profile method allowed concluding about the significance of the biological differences between taxocenoses, even when their values of Shannon's H indices were numerically similar.

2

Biological valorisation of the southern Baltic Sea (Polish Exclusive Economic Zone)

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Węsławski J. M. , Warzocha J. , Wiktor J. , Urbański J. , Bradtke K. , Kryla L. , Tatarek A. , Kotwicki L. , Piwowarczyk J.

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2009

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tom No. 51 (3)

415-435

EN

A biological valuation system to assess the value associated with ecosystem stability and richness (and not that from the point of view of users) is proposed to provide scientific decision support for marine protected areas and marine spatial planning. The system is based on the assessment of individual species and habitat/species assemblages. An extensive set of recently collected (2007-08) and archival (1970-2000) data on the occurrence of marine benthos was analysed for the Polish Marine Areas. Based on matching data sets of sediments, the euphotic zone, temperature and salinity, as well as fetch and sea current values, a GIS model was used to visualise the results; a map indicates the two areas which are considered to be biologically the most valuable (Puck Bay and the stony shallows of the central coast).

3

Problematyka różnorodności biologicznej w kształceniu studentów na kierunkach przyrodniczych

100%

Walosik A. , Jancarz-Łanczkowska B. , Rożej-Pabijan E.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2014

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nr 3

49-57

EN

Education concerning biodiversity has a long tradition in Poland, and has its origin in environmental education in XIX century. Biodiversity education in a novel approach encompasses three aspects – environment, society and economy. This approach arise with Education for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Convention in 1992 during United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro „Environment and development”. Poland as the cosignatory of Biodiversity Convention is obliged to educate for biodiversity protection on all levels of formal education. What means, that content connected to biodiversity should be present in all documents related to formal education, including curricula at universities. Here we aimed at comparing curricula of two faculties at Pedagogical University in Cracow: Biology and Environmental protection to verify if they include content related to biodiversity.

4

Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages in Polish dairy environment

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Szczepańska A. K. , Hejnowicz M. S. , Kołakowski P. , Bardowski J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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tom 54

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nr 1

151-158

EN

We present here the results of an exploration of the bacteriophage content of dairy wheys collected from milk plants localized in various regions of Poland. Thirty-three whey samples from 17 regions were analyzed and found to contain phages active against L. lactis strains. High phage titer in all whey samples suggested phage-induced lysis to be the main cause of fermentation failures. In total, over 220 isolated phages were examined for their restriction patterns, genome sizes, genetic groups of DNA homology, and host ranges. Based on DNA digestions the identified phages were classified into 34 distinct DNA restriction groups. Phage genome sizes were estimated at 14-35 kb. Multiplex PCR analysis established that the studied phages belong to two out of the three main lactococcal phage types - c2 and 936, while P335-type phages were not detected. Yet, analyses of bacterial starter strains revealed that the majority of them are lysogenic and carry prophages of P335-type in their chromosome. Phage geographical distribution and host range are additionally discussed.

5

Cyanobacterial diversity from seven mangrove environments of Kerala, India

100%

Ram A. T. , Shamina M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 9

91-97

EN

A survey on the cyanobacterial biodiversity of 7 mangrove environments viz. Vallikunnu, Kadalundi, Kallayi, Mangalavanam, Kumbalam, Kumarakom and Mekkara mangroves of Kerala was undertaken during 2014-2016. In total, 31 species of cyanobacteria coming under 10 genera and 4 families were recorded in all mangrove environments. Maximum species (13 species) of cyanobacteria were recorded from Kadalundi, whereas the minimum was recorded from Mangalavanam (2 species). The genus Oscillatoria was observed with maximum distribution (13 species), followed by Nostoc (5 species) and Lyngbya (3 species). The genus Aphanocapsa, Microcoleus and Scytonema (2 species each) and Chroococcus, Aphanothece, Merismopedia, and Phormidium (1 species each) shows equal distribution. As many as three species, namely Oscillatoria salina, Oscillatoria ornata and Oscillatoria vizagapatensis were common in all mangrove environments except Mangalavanam and Mekkara.

6

Problematyka bioróżnorodności w nowym PROW na lata 2014-2020

100%

Gała P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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tom 13

165-177

EN

One of the human expansions on Earth there is substantial increase of species extinction rate. And this process leads to significant reduction in biodiversity. However, its protection is necessary for the most elementary reasons: – to maintain mechanisms of living nature action, – to maintain nature’s capacity to survive the environment changes; – to prevent the loss of natural values, not yet identified and used, which may constitute the basis for development and guarantee for survival of future generations. The notion of biodiversity was defined by the Convention on biodiversity adopted at the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (so called “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro, 5th June 1992. Both the Republic of Poland and the European Union is the Signatory of this Convention. Therefore, the obligations imposed on the Convention signatories shall be reflected both in the national and the European Union legislation. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations, both of the Community and the national ones concerning support for rural development include solutions purposed to protect biodiversity. It also appears that these solutions intend to approach the coherent system to support biodiversity.

7

Estuaries - a biological point of view

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Wołowicz M. , Sokołowski A. , Lasota R.

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.3

113-130

EN

Estuaries are considered adverse environments for many living organisms because of their unstable environmental conditions. Variability in salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration of the water, diverse substrata and geomorphological structures are major contributors to increased ecological stress in estuaries. These variations contribute to the characteristic estuarine spatial and temporal changes of physico-chemical properties, which operate even at small scales. In terms of biology estuaries represent fascinating environments - transition zones between freshwater and marine biomes. Freshwater entering an estuary has a major influence on the ecology of the system, its productivity, diversity and the distribution of organisms, with a high variability of niches favouring an increase of biodiversity and biomass. Many estuarine species/organisms show broad and efficient physiological adaptations (ecotypes) in response to these environmental factors. Under locally specific conditions, even different genetic clades (groups) can be formed. Estuaries serve as vital nursery systems for many fish and unique feeding grounds for migratory birds. On the other hand, estuaries are often seriously degraded habitats, hence providing an ideal environment for combining studies on ecology, nature conservation and human impact.

8

Analysis of regulatory and legislative acts on the conservation of the planet's biodiversity, ratified by Ukraine

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NAGORNIUK O. , MUDRAK O. , MUDRAK H. , SOBCZYK W.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 4

214-219

EN

The problems of studying, preservation and rational use of natural resources in modern conditions are no less relevant than the issues of politics and economics, and are absolutely connected with them. The analysis of regulatory and legislative acts on the conservation of the planet's biodi-versity is made.

9

Areas of the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 in Roztocze

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Kałamucka W. , Kałamucki K. , Stanicka M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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nr 1(39)

155-164

EN

The Natura 2000 network includes Special Areas of Conservation SACs (habitat refuges coded PLH ) and Special Protection Areas SPA (bird refuges coded PLB). The objective of the network, covering the member states of the European Union, is the preservation of natural habitats and plant and animal species threatened with extinction on a European scale, as well as typical, commonly occurring natural habitats. Currently in Poland the Natura 2000 network covers almost 1/5 of the land surface. It includes 849 Sites of Community Importance (“habitat” areas — potential special areas of habitat conservation), and 145 special protection areas for birds. The region of Roztocze includes, entirely or in part, three bird refuges (PLB060012 Roztocze, PLB060008 Puszcza Solska, PLB060021 Dolina Sołokiji ) and 12 habitat refuges (PLH060070 Borowa Góra, PLH060003 Debry, PLH180017 Horyniec, PLH060089 Minokąt, PLH060017 Roztocze Środkowe, PLH060020 Sztolnie w Senderkach, PLH060022 Święty Roch, PLH060094 Uroczyska Lasów Adamowskich, PLH060034 Uroczyska Puszczy Solskiej, PLH060093 Uroczyska Roztocza Wschodniego, PLH060028 Zarośle, and PLH060029 Żurawce). The article presents the geographical-environmental description of the refuges of Natura 2000 in Roztocze, and point out their relations with the previously existing protected areas and subjects of protection.

PL

Sieć Natura 2000 obejmuje Specjalne Obszary Ochrony SOO (ostoje siedliskowe o kodzie PLH) oraz Obszary Specjalnej Ochrony OSO (ostoje ptasie o kodzie PLB). Celem sieci obejmującej kraje Unii Europejskiej jest zachowanie zagrożonych wyginięciem siedlisk przyrodniczych i gatunków roślin i zwierząt w skali Europy oraz typowych, powszechnie występujących siedlisk przyrodniczych. Obecnie w Polsce sieć Natura 2000 zajmuje prawie 1/5 powierzchni lądowej. W jej skład wchodzi 849 obszarów mających znaczenie dla Wspólnoty (obszary „siedliskowe” - przyszłe specjalne obszary ochrony siedlisk) oraz 145 obszarów specjalnej ochrony ptaków. Na obszarze Roztocza położone są w całości lub częściowo, trzy ostoje ptasie (PLB060012 Roztocze, PLB060008 Puszcza Solska, PLB060021 Dolina Sołokiji) i 12 ostoi siedliskowych: PLH060070 Borowa Góra, PLH060003 Debry, PLH180017 Horyniec, PLH060089 Minokąt, PLH060017 Roztocze Środkowe, PLH060020 Sztolnie w Senderkach, PLH060022 Święty Roch, PLH060094 Uroczyska Lasów Adamowskich, PLH060034 Uroczyska Puszczy Solskiej, PLH060093 Uroczyska Roztocza Wschodniego, PLH060028 Zarośle, PLH060029 Żurawce. W artykule dokonano charakterystyki geograficzno-przyrodniczej ostoi Natura 2000 Roztoczu, wskazując również na ich powiązania z wcześniej istniejącymi obszarami chronionymi i przedmioty ochrony.

10

Ochrona bioróżnorodności a prawa własności intelektualnej w rolnictwie

100%

Gała P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

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tom 12

137-148

EN

Convention on biological diversity of 5th June, 1992 including the regulations of the “International Treaty” on Plant “Genetic Resources” for Food and Agriculture prepared in Rome on 3rd November 2001 and the regulation of the Nagoya Protocol (of 29th October 2010) on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization to the Convention on biological diversity will significantly affect the practice relating to the creative breeding of new plant varieties. Among the objectives of the above cited international legal acts “the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilisation of genetic resources” is to be noted. Since utilisation of genetic resources is an essential component of the creative breeding of new plant varieties, the new, detailed legal regulations covering this area have to cause impacts on the breeding process and obtaining the exclusive plant variety right. The new legal regulations concerning protection of biodiversity will impact, in particular, on far–reaching formalisation of the breeding process through enforcing compilation and collection of the documentation connected with the genetic resources of origin used in the breeding process. Moreover, the way of participation of particular seed industry participants in profits connected with commercialisation of the exclusive plant variety right will also be subject to remodelling. Beside hitherto beneficiaries of such profits, i.e. breeders (holders of the exclusive plant variety right) and seed companies (licensees of the exclusive plant variety right) the group of entities salary–earning for the exclusive plant variety right will be also extended with entities providing genetic resources for the creative needs of plant breeding.

11

The environmental challenges of declining mangroves: an analytical survey in Puttalam District in Sri Lanka

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Kaleel M. I. M. , Nijamir K.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 14

106-115

EN

This study under the title of “the environmental challenges of declining mangroves: a study based on Puttalam District in Sri Lanka” was undertaken to attain the primary objective ‘to identify the factors for the declining of the mangroves in the study area’ and the secondary objectives ‘identify the environmental challenges due to the mangroves declining in the study area and to suggest was to control the decline and to provide awareness of this problem among the inhabitants’. Both, primary and secondary data were collected for this study. As primary data, questionnaire survey, direct observation and constructed discussion were used. As secondary data, statistic reports, previous researches, books and magazines were employed. According to the analysis, major environmental challenges were encountered. These included ‘land fragmentation, biodiversity destruction, decreasing endemism in mangrove, loss of herbs and coastal soil erosion’. To overcome these challenges, many recommendations were put forward.

12

Intra-population genetic diversity of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L.) assessed by analysis of microsatellite markers

100%

Maksylewicz A. , Baranski R.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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tom 60

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nr 4

753-760

EN

Intra-population variation of 18 cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus) populations of diverse origins was evaluated using codominant microsatellite (SSR) markers. Using 27 genomic and EST-derived SSR markers, 253 alleles were identified with a mean 9.4 alleles per marker. Most of the alleles (60.5%) were rare i.e., with the frequency ≤ 0.05 while only 3.95% of alleles occurred with frequency > 0.6. EST-derived SSR markers were less polymorphic than genomic SSR markers. Differences in allele occurrence allowed 16 out of 18 populations to be assigned to either the Western or Asian carrot gene pools with high probability. Populations could be also discriminated due to the presence of private alleles (25.3% of all alleles). Most populations had excess of alleles in the homozygous state indicating their inbreeding, although heterozygous loci were common in F1 hybrids. Genetic diversity was due to allelic variation among plants within populations (62% of total variation) and between populations (38%). Accessions originating from continental Asia and Europe had more allelic variants and higher diversity than those from Japan and USA. Also, allelic richness and variability in landraces was higher than in F1 hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars.

13

Some features of the quantitative distribution of sipunculan worms (Sipuncula) in the central and southern Barents Sea

100%

Garbul E. A. , Anisimova N. A.

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2012

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tom No. 54 (1)

59-74

EN

The article reports on the current state of the sipunculan fauna of the central and southern parts of the Barents Sea. The main quantitative parameters (biomass and abundance) of the sipunculan populations are obtained, and the contribution of sipunculids to the total benthos biomass is assessed. The major factors causing long-term variations in Sipunculidae distribution and abundance are evaluated for the area in question. The investigations show that the most commonly encountered sipunculan species are Nephasoma diaphanes diaphanes, N. abyssorum abyssorum and Phascolion strombus strombus. The main contribution to the total benthos biomass comes from the two species most typical of the Barents Sea benthic fauna: Golfingia margaritacea margaritacea and G. vulgaris vulgaris. It is possible that the reduction in Golfingia biomass between the 1970s and 1990s, described in the article, is due to changes in the sampling methodology.

14

Eco Tourism as a Way for Biodiversity Conservation: A Study Based on Trincomalee District in Sri Lanka

88%

Kaleel M. I. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 12

82-91

EN

Conserving biodiversity is a major necessity, as human interference causes loss of this. Tourism is not exempt from this. Still, ecotourism, a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism, has more positive effects. The primary objective of this work is to ascertain the condition of ecotourism in the study area. The secondary objectives are to identify the challenges and progress of biodiversity by way of ecotourist activity, and to suggest solutions to promote best outcome and to overcome the challenges of ecotourism. China Bay (Marble Beach), Kanniya Hot Wells, Nilaveli Beach, Pullmottai Beach (Arisimalai), Lanka Patina and Trincomalee Beach are renown places for tourism in Trincomalee District. The condition of the ecotourism industry in Trincomalee District was identified by means of questionnaire survey and direct observation. Our work shows that the coastal areas are particularly rich in biodiversity and in offering scenic values. Many environmental challenges were identified and remedial measures, suggested.

15

Vertical microzonation of ciliates in cryoconite holes in Ecology Glacier, King George Island

88%

Mieczan T. , Tarkowska-Kukuryk M. , Górniak D. , Świątecki A. , Zdanowski M. , Adamczuk M.

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nr 2

16

Bioróżnorodność a ochrona patentowa

88%

Uchańska J.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2013

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nr 2

12-22

EN

The biodiversity is an inexhaustible reservoir of resources which ensure useful solutions of human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to protect natural resources. This paper presents selected issues on the sui generis protection of biodiversity established according to the Convention of Biological Diversity of the 5 June, 1992. The problem in-question was analyzed through the prism of the ABS tool – The Access to genetic resources and equitable Sharing of Benefits (Access and Benefit Sharing). The prior consent to resources was presented with reference to the ABS. Moreover, the analyze has been broaden by the subject matter of the relationship between the ABS and the patent law. This essay presents two main thesis in the area if the sustainable use of the biodiversity, and the possibility of irregularity of the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the patent law. Nevertheless, the paper discusses the biopiracy and the traditional knowledge.

17

Discovery of Swimming Males of Paratanaoidea (Tanaidacea)

75%

Błażewicz-Paszkowycz M. , Jennings R. M. , Jeskulke K. , Brix S.

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nr 2

18

The Role of Vegetation in the Urban Policies of European Cities in the Age of the Sustainable City

75%

Alexandre F. , Département de Géographie U. L.

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

The emergence of the modern concept of the sustainable city raises afresh the longstanding issue of the place and role of vegetation in urban and peri-urban areas in Europe. The awareness of biodiversity and the exploration of the services provided by ecosystems both lead to the development of ecological networks based on green spaces in and around the city. The establishment of these networks converges with the control of urban growth and urban sprawl, with the ‘green belts’. Drawing on the development of public policy governing the place of vegetation in Berlin, London and Paris, this article seeks to show the correspondences that have developed in the discussions of urban policy carried on in the major industrialized countries, and also the conflicting goals which these policies are meant to implement.

19

NOWOCZESNA NATURA WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM MIEŚCIE

75%

Zinowiec-Cieplik K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula

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2017

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nr 53(2) Architektura

176-189

PL

Na początku XXI wieku jedną z pilniejszych potrzeb jest opracowanie metod budowania zrównoważonych miast w kontekście szybkiego wzrostu liczby ich mieszkańców oraz zmian klimatycznych. Miasto to bardzo złożony system, w którym przeplatają się wszystkie problemy organizacji życia społecznego. Badacze większości dziedzin zastanawiają się, jak tworzyć, zmieniać lub budować szczęśliwe, zrównoważone, bezpieczne, przyjazne dla ludzi środowisko życia. Dlatego bardzo istotne stało się znalezienie klucza otwierającego świadomość ekologiczną polityków-decydentów. Tym kluczem jest ekonomia. Usługi, które Przyroda świadczy człowiekowi, zwane usługami ekosystemowymi, można także przeliczyć na wartość ekonomiczną – jest to konkret, który przemówił do wyobraźni. Poszukiwania zwiększenia wydajności usług ekosystemowych kierują badaczy i projektantów w nowe, dotychczas często marginalizowane w mieście obszary zieleni.

EN

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the urgent needs is to develop methods to build sustainable cities in the context of the rapid growth in the number of their inhabitants and climate change. The city is a complex system in which there intertwine all the problems of social life organisation. Researchers are wondering how to create, modify or build a happy, sustainable, safe, people-friendly living environment. Therefore it is very important to find the key to unlock the environmental awareness of politicians – the key turns the economy. Nature provides services called ecosystem services, can also be converted into an economic value – it is a concrete appealing to the imagination. Studies to increase the efficiency of ecosystem services guide the researchers and designers to new, still often marginalized green areas.

20

How to best utilise forests for carbon dioxide sequestration?

75%

Kozłowski J. , Kozłowski J.

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nr 4