Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Skład chemiczny i mikrostruktura biowęgli otrzymanych pirolitycznie z odpadów roślinnych

100%

Molenda J. , Swat M. , Wolszczak M.

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tom T. 97, nr 8

1380--1386

PL

Celem badań była ocena możliwości otrzymania biowęgli z aktywnymi grupami funkcyjnymi podczas jednoetapowej pirolizy odpadów roślinnych, tj. słomy pszenicznej, odpadów kukurydzianych, paździerzy lnianych i pestek wiśni, a także charakterystyka mikrostruktury powstałych karbonizatów. Próbki biowęgli otrzymano podczas laboratoryjnej pirolizy w atmosferze ditlenku węgla, stosując kaskadowe ogrzewanie do 500°C, a następnie poddano je badaniom za pomocą SEM/EDS oraz FTIR. Zastosowane warunki pirolizy pozwalają na otrzymanie w jednoetapowym procesie biowęgli, zawierających tlenowe i azotowe ugrupowania strukturalne, które mogą stanowić centra aktywności szczególnie przydatne podczas sorpcji. Piroliza powoduje zmiany w mikrostrukturze przetwarzanych termicznie pestek wiśni oraz odpadów kukurydzianych, a paździerze lniane i słoma pszeniczna poddane pirolizie zachowują swoją włóknistą mikrostrukturę.

EN

Wheat straw, flax harl, corn waste (stems and leaves) and cherry seeds were heated to 500°C in a CO2 atm. (95 min, gas flow 5 L/min) and then the carbonizates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray microanal. and Fourier transform ir spectroscopy. The pyrolysis resulted in an increase in the C and N content as well as a decrease in the O content for all types biocarbons and also changes in the microstructure of thermally transformed cherry seeds and corn waste, while wheat straw and flax harl, previously subjected to pyrolysis, kept their firbrous microstructure.

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Structural, magnetic and adsorption characteristics of magnetically susceptible carbon sorbents based on natural raw materials

100%

Soloviy C. , Malovanyy M. , Bordun I. , Ivashchyshyn F. , Borysiuk A. , Kulyk Y. , Soloviy C. , Malovanyy M. , Bordun I. , Ivashchyshyn F. , Borysiuk A. , Kulyk Y.

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nr 47

3

Biowęgiel jako środek polepszający właściwości gleby

100%

Poluszyńska J. , Ślęzak E. , Wieczorek P. P.

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tom T. 98, nr 1

98--105

PL

Przedstawiono główne kierunki wykorzystania biowęgla jako produktu beztlenowej niskotemperaturowej pirolizy biomasy. Omówiono najważniejsze parametry jakościowe, jakimi musi cechować się biowęgiel przeznaczony do zastosowania w agrotechnice. Autorzy porównali również zalecenia produkcyjne opracowane przez European Biochar Foundation, International Biochar Initiative oraz wytyczne europejskiego programu Fertilizers.

EN

A review, with 13 refs., of biochar quality parameters important for agricultural applications. The raw materials for its prodn. recommended by international chem. organizations were also presented.

4

Grzyby i odpady grzybowe jako nowe prekursory do otrzymywania adsorbentów węglowych

84%

Koźlarek N. , Bazan-Woźniak A. , Pietrzak R.

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tom [Z] 76, 3-4

221--236

EN

Undesirable changes in the bacteriological, physical and chemical properties of water are a consequence of introduction of excessive amounts of inorganic and organic materials to it. These pollutants limit or prevent the use of water for drinking, food production and household purposes. The greatest amounts of pollutants enter the watersystem with sewage. Also the pesticides,surfactants, organic dyes, artificial fertilizers along with municipal and industrial waste can easily enter water system and threaten the organisms living there. Another, equally important problem is the pollution of atmospheric air. Emission of solid liquid or gas pollutants to the atmosphere has been proved to have significant impact on human health, climate and nature. That is why the search for new and more effective technologies for the environment purification is a continuous challenge. Recently, increasingly often carbon materials are used as effective adsorbents of pollutants from liquid and gas phases.

5

Carbonization of biomass – an efficient tool to decrease the emission of CO2

84%

Kobyłecki R. , Ścisłowska M. , Bis Z.

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2013

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tom Vol. 34, no. 3

185--195

EN

The paper presents the results and analysis of biomass processing in order to provide the conditions for the most profitable use of the biomass in modern and efficient power generation systems with particular attention put on the decrease of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and no need to develop carbon capture and storage plants. The promising concept of CO2 storage via the production of biochar and the advantages of its application as a promising carbon sink is also presented and the results are supported by authors’ own experimental data. The idea enables the production of electricity, as well as (optionally) heat and cold from the thermal treatment of biomass with simultaneous storage of the CO2 in a stable and environmentally-friendly way. The key part of the process is run in a specially-designed reactor where the biomass is heated up in the absence of oxygen. The evolved volatile matter is used to produce heat/cold and electricity while the remaining solid product (almost completely dry residue) is sequestrated in soil. The results indicate that in order to reduce the emission of CO2 the biomass should rather be 'cut and char' than just 'cut and burn', particularly that the charred biomass may also become a significant source of nutrients for the plants after sequestration in soil.

6

Clean energy from a carbon fuel cell

67%

Kacprzak A. , Kobyłecki R. , Bis Z.

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tom Vol. 32, no. 3

145-155

EN

The direct carbon fuel cell technology provides excellent conditions for conversion of chemical energy of carbon-containing solid fuels directly into electricity. The technology is very promising since it is relatively simple compared to other fuel cell technologies and accepts all carbon-reach substances as possible fuels. Furthermore, it makes possible to use atmospheric oxygen as the oxidizer. In this paper the results of authors. recent investigations focused on analysis of the performance of a direct carbon fuel cell supplied with graphite, granulated carbonized biomass (biocarbon), and granulated hard coal are presented. The comparison of the voltage-current characteristics indicated that the results obtained for the case when the cell was operated with carbonized biomass and hard coal were much more promising than those obtained for graphite. The effects of fuel type and the surface area of the cathode on operation performance of the fuel cell were also discussed.