Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Project Management in Behavioural Perspective – Cognitive Biases in the Formulation of the Aim of the Project

100%

Kiełczewski D. , Matel A. , Poskrobko T.

Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie

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2016

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tom 8

|

nr 3

70-78

EN

The article contains a behavioural analysis of the aim-formulating stage of the project. The purpose of the article is to point out that in the process of formulating the aim of the project, it comes to such decision-making situations which favour heuristic thinking. The article presents the results of the secondary research. As a result of verified theory, according to which in the process of formulating the aim of the project, the interference in decision-making processes may occur on the part of the heuristics and the resulting cognitive biases.

2

Stabilization of Financial Markets and Institutions in Light of Behavioural and Evolutionary Economics

100%

Czarnecki L.

FINANSE Czasopismo Komitetu Nauk o Finansach PAN

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2015

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nr 1(8)

71-93

EN

This article proposes the new methodology for the investigation of fluctuations in the level of financial sector and economy stability in analogy to ongoing research and experiments relating to the stability of natural ecosystems in biology. Pointing out an analogy between the natural evolutionary process and economic processes that force economies and businesses to change, I propose the methodology that adopts some rules governing the stabilization of ecosystems (such as the need for a large variety of organisms at each food chain level) for the purposes of analyses and research conducted to ensure the stabilization of the economy, especially the financial sector.

3

Ekonomia behawioralna w polskim systemie emerytalnym

100%

Kawiński M. , Sieczkowski W.

Studia BAS

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2022

|

nr 4(72)

103-121

EN

The article explores behavioural aspects of pension schemes. It begins with fundamental changes in social security schemes, described as financialisation, marketisation and privatisation. These processes provided background for the development of behavioural mechanisms. However, in practise, behavioural economics is usually narrowed to the patterns which are most frequently used and which are believed to be effective. The goal of the article is to check this effectiveness. A detailed analysis of different pension schemes shows that this effectiveness differs significantly and cannot be considered as a default feature. The authors argue that certain behavioural mechanisms have already been used in the Polish pension scheme, and the effectiveness analysis shows that effectiveness depends on the framework of the decision-making process.

4

Analiza instytucji i zmian instytucjonalnych A. Allana Schmida

100%

Dzionek-Kozłowska J.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

|

2013

|

nr 4 (25)

42-53

XX

In recent decades there is a growing tendency in economics to question some concepts or even the whole paradigm dominant in economic science in the last century. Financial crisis which led to a considerable downturn in the economy in 2008−2009 has acted as an additional incentive to intensify this tendency. The debatable approach is known as neoclassical theory or neoclassical economics. The fact needs to be emphasised that a widening circle of critically-oriented scholars does not contend itself with pointing at the weaknesses of neoclassical economics. Their disapproval is accompanied by the attempts to establish a new analytical framework which would be free from the drawbacks of neoclassical theory and that can provide an alternative model of explaining the phenomena and processes taking place on economic level of social life. Researchers classified to institutional and behavioural economics, which still remains on the fringes of the orthodox approach, are particularly active in making the efforts of this kind. The aim of the article is to draw attention of Polish readers to the concept of A. Allan Schmid presented in his book entitled Conflict and Cooperation: Institutional and Behavioral Economics. Schmid’s work seems to be a significant step towards developing an alternative model of analysing economic phenomena and processes. The other point that is worth noticing is the fact that his concept has some interesting didactic values and could be recommended as an excellent supplementary item to a reading list proposed for economics courses. Relying on the ground of the New Institutional Economics (NIE), Schmid emphasis an interrelatedness between institutions and human behaviour. The fundamental significance of human behaviour for shaping institutions justifies invoking to scientific achievements of behavioural economics. Schmid tries to establish a model that could be applied not only to the analysis of an impact and significance of particular institutions on economic performance, but also to grasp the factors which seem to be important for changes in institutional structures. His solution is based on a three-stages model called SSP (situation – structure – performance). The first step consists in the delimitation of introductory conditions, the next is an analysis of institutional structure and the purpose of the last phase is to consider how this structure affects an allocation of benefits and losses of economic entities. The scheme is then consequently used for the analysis of a number of issues discussed in contemporary economic theory. Schmid competently avails himself of the concepts and conclusions expressed by the representatives of institutional and behavioural economics, which is understandable when his aim is taken into consideration. By so doing, Schmid not only shows complementarity of those two trends, but his approach, despite some weaknesses, could be treated also as a prolegomena to the synthesis of institutional and behavio

5

A synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics

100%

Polowczyk J.

Economics and Business Review

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2021

|

tom 7

|

nr 3

16-34

EN

The article presents the current state of evolutionary economics against the backdrop of changes related to the potential use of the achievements of other social sciences, in particular psychology, as well as dynamically developing neuroscience. The article suggests a synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics concepts as a logical consequence of evolutionary cooperation processes in social sciences. Interdisciplinary initiatives create new perspectives on generation synergy effects for all participants. Contemporary evolutionary economists present the nature of ongoing innovation-driven economic change as a long evolutionary process. The main creator of the econosphere as a global system is a man–entrepreneur who is also the result of evolutionary processes. For this reason evolutionary economics should take into account the results of behavioural economics’ research based on modern psychology and neuroscience. The cornerstone of evolutionary and behavioural economics synthesis are the theories of Adam Smith which should be regarded as his holistic intellectual heritage.

6

Ekonomia neoklasyczna versus ekonomia behawioralna. Libertariański paternalizm a reforma emerytalna

88%

Ostapiuk A.

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2019

|

tom 22

|

nr 1

7-30

EN

The goal of the article is to criticise neoclassical economics from the behavioural economics perspective on the example of Poland’s reform of the retirement system (the possibility of earlier retirement). The creators of the reform assume that people are rational and will choose the best option and save enough for retirement. Thanks to conclusions from psychology we know that people cannot discount utility in time, but they behave in accordance with hyperbolic discounting. This situation leads to the conflict between preferences in time. To resolve this conflict, the concept of multiple selves is presented. Different preferences in time are not the problem for neoclassical economics, which assumes that people choose what is best for them (revealed preferences). The criticism of this assumption is presented along with the limitations of perceiving rationality in the instrumental sense. Thanks to axiomatic assumptions, neoclassical economists could dismiss conclusions from behavioural economics which concerns human irrationality. It proves that people do not always make the best choices, which is observable on the example of people who take early retirement. The concept of libertarian paternalism is presented as a way of helping people to make the “right” choices. The possibility of early retirement is presented as the default option. The author comes to the conclusion that this state is a flawed choice architecture because, despite its negative consequences, many people will choose early retirement.

7

The institutional context of rationality

88%

Godłów-Legiędź J.

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tom 20

|

nr 5

55-65

EN

In the last three decades, mainstream economics has been influenced by authors associated with new institutional economics and new behavioral economics. The dispute over rationality as an assumption of economic theories is becoming particularly evident and is taking new forms. The aim of this article is to examine the connections between the institutional and behavioral approaches as well as between researchers’ ideas as to what rationality is and their beliefs regarding an optimal economic system. It will demonstrate that so-called behavioral and institutional economists have more in common than not. Institutions play a key role in the arguments of behavioural economists, whereas the argument of institutional economists is almost always based on the issue of human cognitive abilities and emotions. What directly links the two trends is the attention given to the rationality of actions that an individual takes as a premise of economic choices and as an assumption of economic theories. Differences in views relate to the understanding of rationality and exist within the framework of behavioral economics itself. At the core of the dispute is the distinction between two concepts of rationality: constructivist and ecological. This distinction serves as a starting point for the second matter discussed in the article. The author argues that the concept of constructivist rationality is related to the vision of the top-down creation of social order, while the proponents of the ecological approach to rationality stress the importance of market institutions. Interestingly, from the perspective of cognitive psychology and the heuristics of Daniel Kahneman, it can be presumed that the convictions of a scholar about the “ideal system” can influence his or her arguments on the essence of human rationality.

8

Ethical considerations in solving economic problems

88%

Komorowski J.

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2022

|

nr 46

33-49

EN

The article addresses the issue of ethics in business. The positive attitude to ethics declared by some liberal economists confronts business units with new dilemmas. The economic conflicts, wars, and pandemic crisis treated as a challenge for economic recovery highlight the ethical side of choices. In this way, individualistic rationality is confronted with multilateral benefits. The relation between ethical norms and economic criteria considers the point of view respecting human participation in the process of managing a business. As a consequence, ignorance of ethics in business as a concept of applied ethics, which means ethical relativism, leads man to a crisis of values depriving the system of the liberal economy of a sense of orientation and thus hindering the search for rational solutions.Ethics introduces a personalistic dimension to economic considerations associated with an individual responsibility coming from respect for human values and dignity. In the social aspect, compliance with ethics is acondition of mutual acceptance, cooperation, and bonding within the community. Ultimately, the place of ethics in economics is a consequence of the relationship of economics with humans and, at the same time, the attitude of individuals to ethics. Paying more attention to ethical issues serves the humanisation of economic relations, displaces business egotism, and awakens the tendency to cooperate by seeking the common good.

9

Behavioural Interventions in Regional Policy. Motivating Enterpreneurs to Use Support Instruments for Innovation

75%

Kulawczuk P.

|

2016

|

tom 48

10

The Implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Information Asymmetry on the Market: Selected Aspects

75%

Płonka M.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

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2020

|

nr 2(52)

28-38

EN

Objectives: The identification and systematisation of the phenomenon of information asymmetry on the market in theory and practice, and anticipating the impact of this phenomenon on the market and socio-economic relations in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Research Design & Methods: Theoretical and cognitive studies, case studies, and inductive reasoning. Findings: In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the innovation and information sector determines changes in the direction, dynamics, and structure of socio-economic development, which means that information has become an independent resource of special value. In the face of changes, the asymmetry of information on the market will deepen. This is due to the growing gap between the exponential increase in knowledge and anti-knowledge, and the limited, constant perception of the human brain and human tendency to opportunism, which means that in the field of information processing, artificial intelligence will be winning against human intelligence. Against this background, new threats are emerging that require new knowledge, skills, and competences from market participants and the state. Implications / Recommendations: Solving the problem of information asymmetry is a common economic good that should be co-created by all sides of social, market, and public relations through regulatory and educational mechanisms. It is better to anticipate the cooperation of human intelligence with that of machines rather than engage in a conflict. The use of rich information resources, including the selection of irrelevant, manipulated, or false information will become a key skill of market participants, and the state should, through its tools, eliminate the negative effects of information asymmetry. Contribution / Value Added: The subjective evolution of approaches to the phenomenon of information asymmetry from classical economics to behavioural economics, the identification of the relationship between information asymmetry and moral hazard and their consequences, the exemplification of problems on the basis of positive economics in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Article classification: theoretical and review article JEL classification: D82, D91, D81, B25, D01

11

Sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services in protected areas: A study applied to Southeast Spain

75%

López-Felices B. , Schoenemann M. , Román-Sánchez I. M. , Aznar-Sánchez J. A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2023

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

1257-1302

EN

Research background: Protected areas (PAs) play a fundamental role in the maintenance of ecosystem processes and in the flow of ecosystem services (ESs) they provide. However, the management of PAs is complex due to the existence of different stakeholders with disparate and, often, opposed preferences and valuations. The sociocultural assessment of ESs contributes to optimizing the management of scarce resources based on the preferences of the different stakeholders, taking into account the economic, environmental and social dimensions of the analysed area. Purpose of the article: In this work, a sociocultural assessment of the ESs provided by a PA in southeast Spain is carried out. The objective is to identify which the various ESs provided by this PA are and to establish their degree of importance for all the stakeholders involved. Methods: For this, different complementary methodologies have been used in successive phases, both qualitative and quantitative. Specifically, a literature review, in-depth interviews and an assessment questionnaire were used. Findings & value added: Based on the results obtained, a series of measures are proposed to improve the sustainable management of the PA and the socioeconomic development of its environment. The results of this study may be useful for PAs whose management tries to find a balance between conservation measures and the design of models that contribute to the socioeconomic development of their area of influence.

12

WYKORZYSTANIE DOROBKU EKONOMII BEHAWIORALNEJ W REFORMOWANIU SYSTEMÓW EMERYTALNYCH

75%

Szczepański M.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2017

|

tom 44

|

nr 8(521)

27–35

EN

The aim of this article is an attempt to describe and evaluate the use of some of the solutions of the theory of behavioral economics in the practice of reforming their pension systems. The effects of the application of behavioral economics at the reform of occupational pension schemes in the UK and New Zealand (automatic entry to the pension scheme with the possibility of withdrawal at a certain time) are encouraging (dissemination of occupational pension schemes, the increase in supplementary pension savings). Similar solution could be implemented in Poland. Indicate also some risks associated with the use of behavioral economics in reforming pension systems (for example: the manipulation of behavior and decisions of participants of pension schemes, misselling).

PL

Celem poznawczym artykułu jest próba oceny zastosowania niektórych rozwiązań wypracowanych na gruncie teorii ekonomii behawioralnej w praktyce reformowania systemów emerytalnych. Przedmiotem prezentowanych wyników badań są dotychczasowe rezultaty zastosowania ekonomii behawioralnej przy reformowaniu zakładowych systemów emerytalnych w Wielkiej Brytanii i Nowej Zelandii (automatyczny zapis do programu emerytalnego z możliwością odstąpienia w określonym czasie). Osiągnięte w tych krajach efekty (upowszechnienie zakładowych systemów emerytalnych, zwiększenie poziomu dodatkowych oszczędności emerytalnych) są zachęcające. Na tej podstawie sformułowano rekomendacje co do możliwości zastosowania podobnych rozwiązań w Polsce. Wskazano także na pewne zagrożenia związane z wykorzystaniem ekonomii behawioralnej w reformowaniu systemów emerytalnych (m.in. manipulowanie zachowaniami i decyzjami uczestników systemu emerytalnego nie zawsze zgodne z ich interesem, misselling).

13

Bariery współpracy pomiędzy regulatorem a przedsiębiorstwami w zakresie regulacji z perspektywy ekonomii behawioralnej

75%

Szkudlarek P.

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2023

|

tom 67

|

nr 4

143-152

EN

The aim of the article was to assess the importance of barriers to cooperation between regulatory authority and companies in the field of regulation from the perspective of behavioural economics. To achieve this goal the results of survey research conducted in Poland in the Office of Electronic Communications (OEC, n = 107) and the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO, n = 157) were used. The results of the research showed relatively greater importance of barriers in the form of risk propensity, market assessment, and choice of regulation tool, as well as the lack of partner relations and trust. It was indicated that the lack of need for cooperation, discouragement from cooperation and dishonesty are relatively less significant barriers. In several cases statistically significant differences in the assessment of these barriers between UKE and URE officials were also found. From the perspective of behavioural economics the importance of prospect theory, anchoring heuristic, framing effect, overconfidence effect, status quo effect and noise phenomenon was indicated.

PL

Celem artykułu była ocena znaczenia barier we współpracy pomiędzy regulatorem a przedsiębiorstwami w zakresie regulacji z perspektywy ekonomii behawioralnej. Do osiągnięcia celu badawczego wykorzystano wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w urzędach regulacyjnych w Polsce: w Urzędzie Komunikacji Elektronicznej (UKE, n = 107) oraz w Urzędzie Regulacji Energetyki (URE, n = 157). Wyniki badania wykazały relatywnie większe znaczenie barier dotyczących skłonności do ryzyka, oceny rynku i wyboru narzędzia regulacji, a także braku partnerskich stosunków współpracy i zaufania. Jednocześnie badani wskazali na relatywnie mniejsze znaczenie braku potrzeby współpracy, zniechęcania do współpracy i nieuczciwości działań. W kilku przypadkach stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice w ocenie tych barier pomiędzy urzędnikami UKE i URE. W analizie barier z perspektywy ekonomii behawioralnej wskazano na znaczenie teorii perspektywy, heurystyki zakotwiczenia, efektu ramowania, efektu nadmiernej pewności, efektu status quo oraz na zjawiska szumu.

14

Does behavioural economics equip policy-makers with a complete (enough) picture of the human: the case of nudging

75%

Wincewicz-Price A.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

|

2019

|

nr 2(48)

58-73

EN

Objectives: The article offers a critical discussion of the policy of nudging and suggests so far unexplored evaluation criteria for behavioural policy experts and practitioners. Research design: A multi-disciplinary approach is taken here to fill out the thin anthropology of homo economicus – which is shown to inform the concept of nudging – with selected aspects of human agency which are commonly discussed in moral, political and economic philosophy. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to outline the conceptual shortcomings of the behavioural foundations of the nudge theory as it has been originally proposed by Thaler and Sunstein; 2) to suggest several non-behavioural aspects of human agency and action which extend the original concept of nudging and should be accounted for by policy-makers in their design of nudge-like behavioural interventions. Findings: It is claimed that mere inclusion of cognitive biases and irrationalities in the behavioural approach to policy does not sufficiently extend the artificial concept of the rational agent; in particular this narrow understanding of human failure misses important aspects of the rich concept of well-being. Implications: The use of nudges requires a comprehensive knowledge of the application context. In underspecified decision contexts, choice architects need to apply more care and critical reflection in order to prevent unintended or harmful consequences of nudging. Contribution: It is rare for pragmatically oriented public policy research to focus on the philosophical concepts that inform its theory and practice. This paper is a philosophical reflection on some key elements inherent in nudging. It helps better to understand the ambiguous design, potential and limitations of nudge policy.

15

Consumer and Consumer Behaviour in the Neoclassical and Behavioural Economic Approach

63%

Zalega T.

Konsumpcja i Rozwój

|

2014

|

nr 4(9)

64-79

EN

The purpose of this article is to show how the perception of the economic man’s behaviour (including consumer choices) has evolved in the neoclassical and behavioural economic models with the development of economics as a science. The structure of the article is as follows. After explaining the concept of consumer as an economic man, the essence and complexity of consumer behaviour are discussed. Next, there are presented consumer choices from the perspective of neoclassical economics, classified as the mainstream economics, and in behavioural economics.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, jak na przestrzeni rozwoju ekonomii jako nauki zmieniło się postrzeganie zachowań jednostek gospodarujących (w tym wyborów konsumentów) w modelu neoklasycznym i ekonomii behawioralnej. Struktura artykułu jest następująca. Po wyjaśnieniu roli konsumenta jako podmiotu gospodarującego, w dalszej części artykułu omówiono istotę i złożoności zachowań konsumenta. Następnie przedstawiono wybory konsumentów w ujęciu ekonomii neoklasycznej zaliczanej do ekonomii głównego nurtu oraz w ekonomii behawioralnej.

16

Czy dzieci rodzą się dobre, czy stają się dobre?

63%

Błaszak M.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

|

2012

|

tom 8

|

nr 4(19)

29-41

EN

The paper discusses human morality in the light of research on cognitive intuition and strategic dishonesty. The paradigm of cognitive science provides an explanation of moral intuitions and moral reasoning in terms of the processing of physical information. Intuitions are generated by the state of mind called “flow”, and reasoning by the state of mind called “hypothesis”. Flow is unconscious and consists in selecting from the abundance of information collected by the senses. Hypothesis is conscious and contains very little, very valuable, information selected previously by the unconscious brain. The sequence of first intuitions and then reasoning works at all ages (what is undeveloped at the beginning is reasoning, not intuitions), showing that babies possess intuitive knowledge of what is good. They don’t have to construct moral reasons – as Lawrence Kohlberg assumed – to understand the realm of values. At the same time moral intuition stays in conflict with egoistic motives, which explains why people are born merely relatively good.

17

Diagnosis of the behavioural basis of decisions made in the area of pension provision and application in stimulating additional savings for old age

63%

Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka S.

Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka

|

2019

|

nr 3/2019

79-96

EN

The paper draws attention to the behavioural aspects of decisions in the area of supplementary pensions and indicates the use that can be made of behavioural economics achievements in stimulating long-term savings for old age. The types of cognitive errors that affect the retirement savings decisions are presented and discussed, as well as automatic enrolment options and saving rules applicable in occupational pension plans conducive to increasing retirement savings.

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na behawioralne aspekty decyzji w obszarze dodatkowego zabezpieczenia emerytalnego oraz wskazano, jakie może być zastosowanie dorobku ekonomii behawioralnej w stymulowaniu długoterminowego oszczędzania na starość. Przedstawiono i omówiono rodzaje błędów poznawczych, które mają wpływ na podejmowanie decyzji o oszczędzaniu na emeryturę, oraz zaprezentowano opcje automatycznego wejścia i zasady oszczędzania w zakładowych programach emerytalnych sprzyjające zwiększaniu oszczędności na starość.

18

Polityka konsumencka – źródła, pojęcie i narzędzia

63%

Lissowska M.

Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH

|

2011

|

tom 85 :Polityka gospodarcza w świetle kryzysowych doświadczeń

49-76

PL

Opracowanie przedstawia podstawy teoretyczne polityki konsumenckiej, a mianowicie niedoskonałość konkurencji, asymetrię informacyjną, występowanie kosztów transakcyjnych i nierówności partnerów umów konsumenckich oraz wady podejmowania decyzji przez samych konsumentów. Dodatkowym argumentem za prowadzeniem polityki konsumenckiej są szybkie zmiany na rynkach konsumenckich, w następstwie deregulacji i globalizacji. Rozszerzają one możliwości wyboru przez konsumentów, ale jednocześnie narażają ich na zwiększone ryzyko. Argumentem są także nielojalne praktyki handlowe, wykorzystujące decyzyjne ograniczenia konsumentów. Opracowanie zawiera ponadto przegląd narzędzi polityki konsumenckiej używanych w krajach OECD i sposobu ich dostosowania do konkretnych warunków społeczeństwa i gospodarki, w jakich mają być wykorzystywane. Przedstawia ono także wieloetapowy proces podejmowania decyzji związanych z reagowaniem na problemy pojawiające się na rynkach dóbr konsumpcyjnych.

EN

The research paper presents the rudiments of consumer policy, i.e. imperfectness of competition, asymmetry of information, the occurance of transation costs and inequality of consumer agreements parties as well as weaknesses of taking decisions by consumers alone. Still another argument in favour of conducting consumer policy are fast changes in consumer markets resulting from deregulation and globalisation. The changes provide consumers with a possibility of wider choice, although –at the same time- they pose a larger risk to consumers. Disloyal trading practices that make use of restraints on consumer decisions are one more argument favouring the consumer policy. The paper also includes a review of consumer policy tools used in OECD countries and methods of their adjustment to specific social and economic conditions in which they are to be applied. The paper also presents a multi-stage process of making decisions concerning reacting to problems emerging in consumer goods markets.

19

Neoclassical Economics’ Immunisation Strategies Against Behavioural Economics: Popper’s Perspective

63%

Ostapiuk A.

|

nr 4

51-73

PL

Mimo że ekonomia neoklasyczna nieustannie spotyka się z krytyką, to pozostaje dominującym paradygmatem nauk ekonomicznych. Dzieje się tak głównie ze względu na wykorzystanie strategii immunizacji opartych na niefalsyfikowalnych koncepcjach użyteczności i racjonalności. W niniejszym artykule oceniono, czy użycie teorii filozoficznych Karla Poppera jest uzasadnione. Po pierwsze, zrekonstruowano idee Poppera dotyczące strategii immunizacji, analizy sytuacyjnej, zasady racjonalności i metafizycznego programu badawczego. Po drugie, poddano analizie to, w jaki sposób strategie immunizacji ekonomii neoklasycznej działają w obliczu krytyki ze strony ekonomii behawioralnej. Stwierdzono, że aplikacja metod ekonomii neoklasycznej nie skutkuje nowymi domysłami empirycznymi. Rezultat ten oceniono w odniesieniu do zasady racjonalności – ze względu na jego podobieństwo do aksjomatu optymalizacji ekonomii neoklasycznej. Ponadto w celu ukazania, że analiza ta nie ma charakteru jedynie historycznego, zbadano znaczenie teorii Poppera w kontekście niedawnego włączenia w ramach ekonomii neoklasycznej spostrzeżeń z obszaru ekonomii behawioralnej.

EN

Although neoclassical economics faces frequent criticism, it remains the dominant paradigm, largely due to its immunisation strategies that rely on unfalsifiable concepts of utility and rationality. In this paper, I use Karl Popper’s philosophy to assess whether these strategies are justified. Firstly, I reconstruct Popper’s ideas on immunisation strategies, situational analysis, the rationality principle, and the metaphysical research programme. Next, I examine how neoclassical economics’ immunisation strategies counter critiques from behavioural economics. I conclude that neoclassical economics’ method does not produce empirical conjectures. I assess and evaluate this finding in relation to the “rationality principle”, as it parallels neoclassical economics’ optimisation axiom. Furthermore, I explore Popper’s relevance in the context of neoclassical economics’ recent incorporation of behavioural economics’ insights to show that my analysis is not purely historical.

20

Project management in behavioural perspective – cognitive biases in the formulation of the aim of the project

63%

Kiełczewski D. , Matel A. , Poskrobko T.

|

tom Vol. 8, no. 3

70--78

EN

The article contains a behavioural analysis of the aim-formulating stage of the project. The purpose of the article is to point out that in the process of formulating the aim of the project, it comes to such decision-making situations which favour heuristic thinking. The article presents the results of the secondary research. As a result of verified theory, according to which in the process of formulating the aim of the project, the interference in decision-making processes may occur on the part of the heuristics and the resulting cognitive biases.