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1

Impact of Spraying the Shots Parts with Ascorbic Acid on the Concentration of Some Mineral Nutrients in Vicia faba Treated with Heavy Metals

100%

Al-Rashedy H. S. M. A. , Mame S. O. O. , Alsinjari W. E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 6

1--7

EN

This study aimed examine the impact of Ascorbic acid spraying once and twice at concentrations 250 and 500 mg/L on the concentration of some nutrients in the seeds of the bean plant (Vicia faba L.) grown on soils contaminated with nickel at concentrations 30 and 60 and lead at concentrations 300, 600 mg/kg soil.The results showed that soil treated with 600 mg/kg lead has a significant decrease of concentration of magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and chloride in the seeds of the bean plants which amounted to 1.16 , 1.121, 4.113 and 0.071 mg/g, respectively compared to the control group. It was also found that spraying the vegetative parts of the bean plant with 250 mg/L ascorbic acid twice was attributed to increasing of magnesium significantly in the seeds of the bean plant, which amounted to 4.00 mg/g. otherwise, spraying with the same concentration, but once, led to a significant increase in phosphorous concentration, which reached 1.335 mg/g. The results also showed that one-time spraying of 500 mg/L ascorbic acid led to a significant increase in chloride concentration, which amounted to 0.395 mg/g compared to the control group. The results show that lead treatment had a more negative effect on the concentration of nutrients compared to the effect of nickel. It was found that spraying with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 250 mg/L was significantly superior to the concentration of 500 mg/L of magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and chloride in the seeds of bean plants. Also, spraying with ascorbic acid once was superior to spraying twice with the concentration of both magnesium and chloride.

2

Ultrastructural changes in leaf cells infected with Arabis mosaic nepovirus. I. In bean plants [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]

72%

Zielinska L. , Pospieszny H.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2001

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tom 41

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nr 2

EN

Two experimental methods were used in the study. The aim of the first one was focused on a detection of Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV) particles and tubules with viruses in extracts obtained from crushed leaves of bean. Second one consisted on investigation of ultrastructural changes occuring in the bean leaf tissues with symptoms caused by ArMV. Characteristic membranous inclusions in the cytoplasm were observed and described. ArMV occured either as irregularly scattered particles in the cytoplasm, crystal-like aggregates or semiconcentric and concentric layers. Not numerous but sometimes very long tubules with viruses were mainly observed near the cell wall. Protrusion of the cell wall into the protoplast very often containing viruses in the plasmodesmata were observed many times. Plasmalemmasomes were frequently situated near the cell wall.

PL

Badania elektronomikroskopowe obejmowały obserwacje cząstek wirusa mozaiki gęsiówki (ArMV) oraz tubul z wirionami w ekstraktach z rozgniecionych liści fasoli, a także obserwacje zmian w ultrastrukturze komórek liści fasoli z objawami infekcji systemicznej. Stwierdzono występowanie charakterystycznych inkluzji membranowych w obrębie cytoplazmy i opisano ich strukturę. Wiriony ArMV znajdowano luźno, nieregularnie rozrzucone w cytoplazmie, lub w postaci krystalicznych agregatów, albo w formie półkoncentrycznie, bądź koncentrycznie układających się skupisk. W bliskim sąsiedztwie ścian komórkowych obserwowano nieliczne, lecz nieraz bardzo długie, tubule z wirusami. W badanym materiale licznie występowały protruzje ściany komórkowej do wnętrza protoplastu, często z wirusami oraz liczne plazmalemmasomy.

3

Partial characterization of Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus [SHMV] isolated from bean plants [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]

72%

Pospieszny H. , Palczewska M. , Borodynko N.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2001

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tom 41

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nr 2

EN

This work presents some properties of Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus (SHMV) orginally isolated from bean plants. Virus infected host range and induced symptoms that were typical for SHMV. Following plant species distinquished SHMV from tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV): Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus and Lycopersicon esculentum. In immunoblotting the serum against SHMV did not react with TMV and Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV). The electrophoretical patterns of whole virions and capsid proteins were characteristic for SHMV and different from that of TMV and ToMV.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę wirusa mozaiki krotalarii (SHMV) wyizolowanego z siewek fasoli wyrosłych z zainfekowanych nasion. Stwierdzono, że zakres roślin gospodarzy badanego izolatu SHMV oraz wywoływane przez niego objawy chorobowe były typowe dla tego wirusa. Gatunki roślin takie jak: Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus i Lycopersicon esculentum różnicują SHMV od TMV. W teście immunoblotingu surowica przeciwko SHMV nie reagowała z TMV-U i ToMV-2., z kolei surowica przeciwko TMV reagowała jedynie z TMV-U₁ i ToMV-2. Obrazy elektroforetyczne zarówno całych virionów jak i białek otoczki wirusowej były charakterystyczne dla SHMV i różne od tych dla TMV-U₁ oraz ToMV-2.

4

Relationship between peroxidase activity and the amount of fully N-methylated compounds in bean plants infected by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola

72%

Sardi E. , Stefanovits-Banyai E.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2006

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tom 28

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nr 2

EN

Changes in the level of endogenous formaldehyde (HCHO), some N-methylated compounds (choline and trigonelline) and peroxidase activity were examined in the leaves of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with different disease-sensitivity during ontogenesis in the stressfree condition and after natural infection by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (until the appearance of lesions). HCHO, as its dimedone adduct, and fully N-methylated compounds were determined by overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) in different developmental stages and in the infected leaves/leaf discs. Peroxidase activity was measured by a spectrophotometric method. HCHO level decreased with agetng of the primary leaf and accordingly in the leaves at different developmental stages, then increased again in both cases due to the demethylation and methylation processes. Concentration of choline and trigonelline as potential HCHO generators des creased considerably while peroxidase activity increased with agetng of the plants. Comparing the symptomless and the Pseudomonas infected leaf discs (with watersoaked lesions) we found a decrease in the level of HCHO, choline and trigonelline and there was det ectable increase in the peroxidase activity in the infected leaftissues. Our findings are in accordance with previously published results that peroxidases play an important role in oxidative demethylation processes. Our hypothesis is that the high level of HCHO in the old leaves can originate from methylated components as the result of peroxidase activity and this high level may lead to the old leaf betng resistant to pathogen. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the leaves of susceptible bean genotypes became resistant to Pseudomonas while growing older.

5

Effect of soil salinity on activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of ascorbic acid and phenols in bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] plants

58%

Telesinski A. , Nowak J. , Smolik B. , Dubowska A. , Skrzypiec N.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 3

EN

Soil salinity is the one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the growth, development and yields of crops. However, it is difficult to determine exact concentrations of salt which cause soil salinity. Salinity threshold levels depend on a crop species, variety, developmental stage and environmental factors. This paper presents the results of an experiment on the effect of different soil concentrations of NaCl soil on several oxidation stress parameters, such as catalase and peoxidase activity, content of ascorbic acid, phenols and flavonoids in bean plants. A laboratory pot experiment was carried out on samples of light silty loam containing 1.2% of humus. Pots were filled with 1 kg soil samples each, to which NaCl solution was added in doses 10, 30 and 50 mM kg-1. Each pot was seeded with 7 seeds of cv. Aura bean. The plants grown in soil without NaCl were the control. On days 14, 21 and 28 green parts of plants were collected for determinations of catalase and peroxidase activity by colorometry as well as the content and flavonoids, phenols, ascorbic acid and chloride concentration by Mohr’s method. The results show that chloride concentration in bean plants increased at higher of NaCl concentration in soil. The activity of the antyoxidative enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase in bean plants, on sampling days, was higher as the chloride concentration in plants increased. Non-enzymatic antioxidants: flavonoids, phenols and ascorbic acid content during the experiment showed different changes with relation to the chloride content, but in all the trials ascorbic acid content was significantly positively correlated whereas the content of phenols was significantly negatively correlated with the chloride content in plant tissues.

PL

Jednym z ważniejszych abiotycznych czynników wpływających na wzrost, rozwój i produktywność roślin jest zasolenie podłoża. Trudno jest jednak określić, w przypadku jakiego stężenia soli mówi się o zasoleniu podłoża. Graniczna jego wartość jest uzależniona od gatunku, a w nawet odmiany, etapu rozwoju rośliny oraz od wielu towarzyszących czynników środowiska. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki doświadczeń mających na celu określenie, w jaki sposób dodatek do gleby NaCl o różnych stężeniach oddziałuje na wybrane parametry stresu oksydacyjnego: aktywność katalazy i peroksydazy oraz zawartość kwasu askorbinowego, fenoli i flawonoidów w roślinach fasoli. Doświadczenie wazonowe w warunkach laboratoryjnych przeprowadzono na próbkach gliny pylastej lekkiej o zawartości próchnicy 1,2%. Glebę podzielono na 1 kg naważki, którymi, po wcześniejszym dodaniu wodnych roztworów NaCl w dawkach 10, 30 i 50 mM kg-1, napełniono wazony. Do każdego wazonu wysiano po 7 nasion fasoli odmiany Aura. Próbę kontrolną stanowiły rośliny rosnące w glebie bez dodatku soli. W 14., 21. i 28. dniu doświadczenia pobrano zielone części roślin i oznaczono w nich kolorymetrycznie aktywność katalazy i peroksydazy oraz zawartość flawonoidów, fenoli i kwasu askorbinowego, a także zawartość chlorków miareczkową metodą Mohra. Stwierdzono, że zawartość chlorków w roślinach fasoli wzrastała wraz ze zwiększaniem stężenia NaCl w podłożu. Aktywność enzymów antyoksydacyjnych: katalazy i peroksydazy w roślinach fasoli, w poszczególnych terminach pomiarów, wzrastała wraz ze zwiększaniem się w nich ilości chlorków. Zawartość nieenzymatycznych antyutleniaczy w roślinach fasoli: kwasu askorbinowego, flawonoidów i fenoli wykazywała w trakcie trwania doświadczenia zmienne zależności w stosunku do ilości w nich chlorków, jednakże w całym doświadczeniu zawartość kwasu askorbinowego była istotnie dodatnio, a fenoli istotnie ujemnie skorelowana z ilością chlorków w tkankach roślinnych.

6

The role of Ca ions in changes induced by excess Cu2plus in bean plants. Growth parameters

58%

Maksymiec W. , Baszynski T.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1998

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tom 20

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nr 4

EN

The effect of Ca on Cu toxicity in runner bean plants (Phaseolus coccineus L. cv. Piěkny Jaś) grown hydroponically in nutrient solution was studied. The toxic effect of excess Cu on plants depends on their age and Ca content in the medium. Copper applied in excess to the plants at the early phase of leaf development strongly limits the uptake of Ca ions from the nutrient solution, particularly their translocation to leaves. Increased Ca content limits the inhibitory effect of Cu on leaf growth and decreases the content of chloroplast pigments to the level approximate to that of control. At this growth stage the effect of excess Cu is at least partially connected with limited Ca transport to leaves. At the intermediate leaf phase Cu-treated plants react slightly to changed Ca content. At the end of the primary leaf development increased Ca concentration in the medium intensifies senescence processes induced by excess Cu. The changes are partially connected with intensified water deficit. Increased Ca content in the nutrient solution limits Cu accumulation in the individual organs of Cu-treated plants. However, Cu accumulation in leaves is not decreased at a high level of Ca. Copper generally decreases Ca content in the youngest plants, whereas in the oldest ones only in the case of a low level of Ca in the nutrient solution.

7

The effects of excessive exposure to copper in bean plants

58%

Yurekli F. , Banu Porgali Z.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2006

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tom 48

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nr 2

EN

The present study aimed to identify changes in important physiological events related to Cu, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in the antioxidative defense system in bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Akman) after Cu treatment. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. Cu excess was induced in Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Akman) plants by soaking the roots in 100 µM CuSO4 solution for 10 days. Cu content increased in roots, and nitric oxide levels increased remarkably in leaf tissue. Changes in enzyme activity and MDA were observed in root tissue. The highest accumulation of NO was observed in leaf tissue. The study included an assessment of the correlation between heavy metal accumulation in roots, leading to different manifestations of stress, and changes in chlorophyll level. Indications of oxidative stress response were detected by monitoring changes in the activity and content of some components of the antioxidative mechanism. Cu treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in leaf tissue.

8

Alteration in growth and some relevant metabolic processes of broad bean plants during extreme temperatures exposure

51%

Hamada A. M.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2001

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tom 23

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nr 2