Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Stosowanie kory na terenach zieleni

100%

Łukasiewicz S.

Zieleń Miejska

|

2012

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tom Nr 5

36-37

PL

W ostatnich latach zaczęto używać zmielonej kory do masowego mulczowania-ściółkowania gleb na większych powierzchniach. Warto jednak zaznaczyć, że dokonywanie tego warstwą o znacznej miąższości nie powinno mieć miejsca.

2

The utilization of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa ) pruning waste for kraft paper production and the effect of bark on paper properties

88%

Gençer A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2015

|

tom vol. 58, nr 194

103--113

EN

In this study, samples of pruning residuals from kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) with and without bark were used in order to identify the negative impacts of the bark on pulp and paper production. The Kraft method was used to cook the samples, and six tests were conducted, three with bark and three without bark. In the six tests, the active alkaline/sulfide ratios, temperature, and time were stabilized at 18/22, 170°C and 170 min, respectively. Some of the physical, optical, and mechanical properties of the unbeaten papers produced at 35 SR° and 50 SR° were compared. For all of the mechanical properties that were measured, the bark had a negative effect. This could be explained by the high content of brittle inorganic material in the bark’s fibers.

3

Bark liquefaction for use in three-layer particleboard bonding

88%

Janiszewska D.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2018

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tom vol. 61, nr 202

119--127

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of liquefied bark products for panel manufacturing. The research was carried out with the use of waste bark, obtained from a local wood-processing company. Bark fractions were further processed by means of liquefaction. The liquefaction reaction was carried out at elevated temperature using a mixture of solvents from the polyhydroxy alcohol group. Three-layer particleboards based on the liquefied bark were produced. Standard physicochemical and mechanical properties of the boards, such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and formaldehyde content, were determined. The parameters of the particleboards complied with the requirements of the PN EN 312:2011 standard for interior-general-use boards of type P2 used for indoor equipment elements. It was demonstrated that when melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin was substituted with liquefied bark to an amount of 20%, there was no increase in the formaldehyde content of the boards. All test results were compared with those for standard particleboard bonded with unmodified melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive resin.

4

The Use of Eucalyptus Grandis Bark and Root as Raw Material in Pulp and Paper Production

88%

Çiçekler M. , Tutus A. , Üzüm V.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 66, nr 211

Art. no. 1644-3985.425.02

EN

The suitability of Eucalyptus grandis bark and root for the pulp and paper industry was investigated. The bark of E. grandis was cooked using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the kraft process, while the root of E. grandis was cooked using the soda-anthraquinone (AQ) process. Four different charges (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7%) of NaBH4 and AQ used as catalysts were added to the cooking liquor used in the processes. The chemical, mechanical and optical properties of the produced pulps were investigated and characterized. The yields, viscosity values, kappa numbers, as well as the brightness, tensile, burst and tear indices of the pulps were determined. The yield (RP: 39.1%, BP: 36.8%), viscosity value (RP: 897 cm3/g, BP: 650 cm3/g) and the kappa numbers (RP: 90, BP: 50) of the pulps produced from the root (RP) were higher than those of the pulps produced from bark (BP). The catalysts generally affected all the pulp properties, improving the properties of BP and RP. It was concluded that E. grandis bark and root can be suitable for the pulp and paper industry.

5

Geographic variation in phytochemical constituents and allelopathic potential of Pinus halepensis barks

75%

Refifa T. , Chahdoura H. , Guido F. , Achour L. , Helal A. N.

European Journal of Biological Research

|

2015

|

tom 05

|

nr 3

6

Chromatographic analysis of bioactive proanthocyanidins from Quercus durifolia and Quercus eduardii barks

75%

Rosales-Castro M. , González-Laredo R. F. , Rocha-Guzmán N. E. , Gallegos-Infante J. A. , Peralta-Cruz J. , Morré J. , Karchesy J. J.

|

2011

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tom Vol. 23, no. 3

521--529

EN

Crude acetone extracts (CE) from Quercus durifolia and Quercus eduardii barks were partially purified by liquid extraction with ethyl acetate into organic extracts (OE), and these were separated by a Toyopearl HW-40F column chromatography with acetone-water (3:2) into oligomeric fractions (OLF). OEs were analyzed by HPLC and OLF by HPLC-MS. Screening of the antioxidant capacity of CE, OE, and OLF were performed by scavenging 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ABTS•+ radical cations as well by β-carotene-linoleic acid model system assays. In the bark of both Quercus species the major compound identified in OE was catechin. In OLF the major compounds were monomeric and dimeric monogallate procyanidins, and monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric procyanidins. The best antioxidant capacity was shown by OLF from bark extracts of both species.

7

Stem quality of Quercus cerris trees from Kosovo for the sawmilling industry

75%

Bajrakatri A. , Pimenta R. , Pinto T. , Miranda I. , Knapic S. , Nunes L. , Pereira H.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2018

|

tom vol. 61, nr 201

57--69

EN

Quercus cerris is an important species in the forests of Kosovo with a potential high economic value, although there is little information on the stem quality for the saw-milling industry. This study brings data on wood properties, particularly on heartwood, sapwood and bark development within Q. cerris trees grown in two sites in Kosovo, where mature trees were felled, and discs taken at different stem height levels. The average radial growth rate was 1.21 and 1.76 mm yr-1 for both sites. Heartwood decreased from the tree base upwards with a proportion of 53% and 43% until 5 m of height in the two sites. The radial width of sapwood was higher at the stem base (on average 44 mm) and afterwards approximately constant at 32 mm. The taper was low at an average 3.3 mm m-1 between 3.3 and 7.3 m of height. Bark represented on average 16.4% of the total stem cross-section and contained a substantial proportion of rhytidome (51% of the total bark area proportion at stem base and 41% at 9.3 m). Q. cerris in Kosovo showed good potential as a timber species for the supply of stem wood to the saw-milling industry, allowing good yields of heartwood-only sawn wood components. The bark should also be considered for complementary valorization.

8

Long-time effect of hard coal ash on the content of some elements in soil

75%

Wyszkowski M. , Chełstowski A. , Ciećko Z. , Szostek R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2014

|

tom Vol. 15, nr 1

55-60

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the long-time effect of meliorating doses of hard coal ash (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 t ha-1) on the content of some elements in soil with the application of different organic substances: manure, straw and bark. Nineteen years after the application of ash there was still an increase in the total content of all elements in soil. Its magnitude depended on soil horizon and it was highest in the humus horizon. The increase in the content of nutrients was, in general, proportional to the applied doses of ash. In the surface layer of soil, the increase was particularly high for sodium and subsequently for calcium, magnesium, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus, arranged in the order of decreasing values. The content of elements in deeper soil layers was significantly lower than in the 0–25 cm zone. A gradual reduction in the content, together with the increase in depth, was recorded only for magnesium and sulphur. The lowest concentration of phosphorus and calcium was detected in the 51–75 cm layer, while in the case of potassium it was in the 26–50 cm zone. The substances introduced into the soil in order to reduce the impact of ash generated by hard coal combustion did not exert any significant impact on the content of elements 19 years following their application.

9

Próba wytypowania efektywnego, biodegradowalnego adsorbentu i parametrow adsorpcji amoniaku z fazy gazowej powietrze/amoniak

75%

Wieczorek S. , Stężała S.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

|

2004

|

tom R. 12, nr 1

77--86

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych dotyczących problemu redukcji emisji do atmosfery amoniaku ze zbiorników do magazynowania płynnych odchodów zwierzęcych, Opracowano metodykę badawczą, pozwalającą na wyznaczenie wpływu adsorbentu na takie parametry, jak: przebicie, stan nasycenia oraz stopień szybkości jego uzyskiwania przy różnych stężeniach i natężeniach przepływu adsorbatu. Zbadano 8 biodegradowalnych adsorbentów i wytypowano korę drzewną, charakteryzującą się najlepszymi wskaźnikami adsorpcji.

EN

Paper presented the results of laboratory studies dealing with the problem of reducing ammonia emission to the atmosphere from tanks for storage of liquid animal wastes. The research method was developed that anables to determine the impact of adsorbent on the parameters such as "breakdown effect", saturated conditions and the rate of they reaching at different concentration and adsorptive flow intensities. Eight biodegradable adsorbents were tested and the bark was chosen as material characterized by best adsorptive indices.

10

Chemical composition and selected energy properties of black locust bark (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

75%

Kraszkiewicz A.

|

tom Vol. 20, No. 2

117--124

EN

The objective of the paper was to assess the usefulness of bark of black locust trunks as an energy source based on chemical and energy properties. Material for research was collected from five forest stands of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). After determination of the bark mass, its participation in the mass of trees, the content of moisture in bark, density, calorific value, ash, content of C, H, N, S, K and P were established. In comparison to wood, bark has worse chemical properties on account of a high content of sulphur and nitrogen. In the conditions of research, black locust bark had an average density of approx. 400 kg·m-3 which is comparable to the willow and poplar wood. Average calorific value of black locust bark was by 10% higher than the average value of this parameter for bark wood.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena, na podstawie cech chemicznych i energetycznych, przydatności kory z pni robinii akacjowej do wykorzystania jako źródła energii. Materiał do badań pobrano w pięciu drzewostanach robinii akacjowej (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Po określeniu masy kory, jej udziału w masie drzew, określono zawartość wilgoci w korze, gęstość, wartość opałową, popiół, zawartość C, H, N, S, K i P. W porównaniu z drewnem kora posiada gorsze właściwości chemiczne ze względu na znaczną zawartość siarki i azotu. W warunkach badań kora pni robinii akacjowej średnio posiadała gęstość około 400 kg·m-3, która jest porównywalna z drewnem wierzbowym i topolowym. Średnia wartość opałowa kory robinii akacjowej była o 10% większa niż wartość średnia tego parametru dla drewna pni.

11

Particleboards with partially liquefied bark of different particle sizes

75%

Jiang W. , Adamopoulos S. , Petrič M. , Šernek M. , Medved S.

|

2021

|

tom vol. 64, nr 207

43--57

EN

This paper presents a novel method of partially liquefying bark sawmilling waste for use in making particleboards. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) bark of different particle sizes (fine, medium, coarse, and mixed) was partially liquefied in the presence of ethylene glycol as a solvent and sulphuric acid as a catalyst at 180°C for 30 minutes. Single-layer particleboards were prepared by mixing partially liquefied bark (PLB) and wood chips at a ratio of 0.25 with no adhesives (group A) and at ratios of 0.25 or 0.1 with melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives for additional bonding (groups B and C respectively). Mechanical and physical properties of the particleboards were tested according to European standards. The results showed that the boards in group A had lower densities, inferior mechanical properties and higher moisture content than those in groups B and C. Bark particle size had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of particleboards within each group. Additional MUF bonding and avoidance of coarse bark particles had a positive effect on mechanical properties. The thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) values of MUF-bonded boards were lower than those of boards without MUF, and greater addition of PLB produced particleboards with better water resistance. Bark particle size was not as critical for TS and WA as for mechanical properties. The overall results suggested using a bark particle size of < 2 mm for further studies.

12

Ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the bark and leaves of lilac [Syringa vulgaris L.]

75%

Pilarski J.

|

1993

|

tom 15

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nr 4

13

Dynamics of seasonal changes of starch content, in the shoots and leaves of lilac

75%

Pilarski J.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

1995

|

tom 17

|

nr 4

14

The effects of taxol [paclitaxel] on chemiluminescence of neutrophils, macrophages and J.774.2 cell line

75%

Czuba Z. P. , Krol W. , Hasinski P. , Nowowiejska A.

|

nr 1

EN

Taxol (paclitaxel) is a chemotherapeutic diterpene with promising anticancer activity that blocks cell division by preventing microtubule depolymerization. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that taxol has other intracellular effects that may contribute to its effect, particularly in macrophages. The signal transduction mechanisms by which taxol stimulates macrophages to anticancer activity are not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of taxol on chemiluminescence (an indicator of the production of free radicals) of neutrophils, macrophages and murine macrophage J.774.2 cells. The chemiluminescence was measured in the presence of taxol andór phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as a stimulant. Taxol stimulated chemiluminescence (without PMA) of neutrophils and macrophages but not of J.774.2 cells, and modulated chemiluminescence of the cells stimulated with PMA.

15

Photosynthesis in shoots and leaves of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.)

63%

Pilarski J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

|

1989

|

tom 37

|

nr 10-12

16

Assessment of shoulder mobility in women over 60 years of age after one-sided mastectomy

63%

Włoch A. , Żak M. , Opuchlik A. , Biskup M. , Fabiś J.

Medical Rehabilitation

|

2016

|

tom 20(4)

13-16

PL

Wstęp: Z wiekiem wzrasta ryzyko zachorowania na różne choroby, w tym raka piersi. Postępujący proces starzenia się społeczeństw wymaga od współczesnej fizjoterapii zwiększenia sprawności funkcjonalnej osób starszych. Problem antropometrycznego pomiaru zakresu ruchu oraz siły mięśni barku jest słabo dostrzegany w procesie usprawniania pacjentek po mastektomii. Cel pracy: Celem badania była ocena funkcji barku wyrażonej w zakresie ruchu i siły mięśniowej u pacjentek po 60. r.ż., po mastektomii. Materiał i metody: Do badania zakwalifikowano 24 pacjentki (średnia wieku: 65 lat) w Zakładzie Rehabilitacji Świętokrzyskiego Centrum Onkologii w Kielcach. Wszystkie pacjentki były poddane zmodyfikowanej radykalnej mastektomii metodą Maddena oraz odpowiedniemu leczeniu uzupełniającemu. W Zakładzie Rehabilitacji zbadano zakres ruchomości stawów ramienno-łopatkowych podczas zgięcia, odwiedzenia, rotacji wewnętrznej oraz rotacji zewnętrznej za pomocą goniometru. Ruchy unoszenia, wysuwania do przodu (protrakcja) oraz cofania (retrakcja) barku oceniano za pomocą antropometru. Dynamometrem zbadano siłę wybranych grup mięśni barku podczas unoszenia, wysuwania do przodu oraz cofania. Analizę statystyczną wykonano za pomocą pakietu STATISTICA 12.0, przyjęto poziom alfa = 0,05. Wyniki: Ruchy zgięcia, odwodzenia i rotacji zewnętrznej kończyny górnej były istotnie statystycznie ograniczone po stronie operowanej piersi. Zakres ruchu oraz siła mięśni barku podczas unoszenia, wysuwania do przodu i cofania były istotnie statystycznie mniejsze po stronie wykonanej mastektomii (12%-14%) w stosunku do strony zdrowej. Wnioski: 1. Funkcja barku u kobiet po 60. roku życia, po stronie operowanej piersi jest znacząco ograniczona. 2. Przedstawione badania wskazują na konieczność poszerzenia zakresu rehabilitacji chorych w starszym wieku po leczeniu raka piersi.

EN

The overall risk of contracting various diseases, including breast cancer, increases with age. An on-going process of population ageing challenges modern physiotherapy with the need to have functional capacity in older people appreciably enhanced. The issue of anthropometric assessment of the range of motion and shoulder muscle strength is presently much underrated in the physical rehabilitation management of women patients after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study aimed to assess the functional mobility of a shoulder expressed as a range of motion, in conjunction with the assessment of shoulder muscle strength, in women patients over 60 years of age after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study comprised 24 patients (mean age 65 years) recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce. All patients had undergone modifi ed radical mastectomy using the Madden technique, and an adjuvant therapy. The shoulder range of motion, i.e. flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, was evaluated by a goniometer. Elevation, protraction and retraction movements were evaluated using an anthropometric device. A dynamometer was applied to assess the strength of select muscle groups within the shoulder during elevation, protraction and retraction motions. Statistical analysis was made with the aid of STATISTICA 12.0 software, having adopted a 0.05 alpha level as statistically signifi cant. The movements of fl exion, abduction and external rotation of the upper extremity were signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. The range of motion and muscle strength during shoulder elevation, protraction and retraction were significantly diminished on the operated side (12% - 14%), compared to the non-operated one. 1. Functional mobility of the shoulder was signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. 2. Results of the present study highlight the need to extend the scope of rehabilitation regimens offered to older women after radical one-sided mastectomy.

17

The use of bark in biomonitoring heavy metal pollution of forest areas on the example of selected areas in Poland

63%

Świsłowski P. , Kříž J. , Rajfur M.

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 27, nr 2

195--210

EN

In the year 2016, passive biomonitoring studies were conducted in the forest areas of southern and north-eastern Poland: the Karkonosze Mountains (Kark), the Beskidy Mountains (Beskid), Borecka Forest (P. Bor), Knyszynska Forest (P. Kny), and Białowieza Forest (P. Bia). This study used bark from the tree, Betula pendula Roth. Samples were collected in spring (Sp), summer (Su), and autumn (Au). Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined for the samples using the atomic absorption spectrometry method with flame excitation (F-AAS). Based on the obtained results, the studied areas were ranked according to level of heavy-metal deposition: forests of southern Poland > forests of north-eastern Poland. Some seasonal changes in the concentrations of metals accumulated in bark were also indicated, which is directly related to their changing concentrations in the air during the calendar year, for instance, the winter heating season produces higher concentrations of heavy metals in the bark samples taken in spring. When deciding to do biomonitoring studies using bark, but also other biological materials, it is necessary to take into account the period in which the conducted research is done and the time when the samples are taken for analysis, because this will have a significant impact on the obtained results.

18

Assessing the influence of adsorbent bed [tree bark] parameters on the reduction of ammonia emissions from animal husbandry

63%

Wieczorek S.

|

nr 1

147-154

EN

The influence of an adsorbent bed height made of tree bark on ammonia emission reduction was investigated under two scenarios: for constant mass of adsorbent and for adsorbent mass as a function of bed height. In both cases, measurements were performed on adsorptive beds of comparable height; other experimental conditions are presented in the part of the paper dealing with research methodology. The choice of tree bark as adsorbent material has been dictated by the results of preliminary research that was conducted on other biodegradable adsorbents in order to fulfill the basic assumption, i.e. that such materials, saturated with ammonia, should serve as natural organic fertilizer in plant production. The amount of ammonia adsorbed on tree bark increased linearly with the increasing height of the adsorbent bed. These results were analyzed together with the data on reduced ammonia emissions, including the amount of adsorbed pollution and bed height. Moreover, the ratio of bed height to the adsorber inner diameter (h/d w) was used in data analysis. For the given optimal height of an adsorbent bed, the most appropriate time for replacing tree bark is when breakthrough first occurs.

19

Biomechanics of the shoulder girdle : a case study on the effects of union rugby tackles

63%

Faria L. , Campos B. , Jorge R. N.

|

tom Vol. 19, no. 3

115--127

EN

Purpose: The shoulder girdle is a complex system, comprised by a kinematic chain and stabilizers. Due to the delicate equilibrium and synchronism between mobility and stability, high external loads may compromise its physiology, increasing the risk of injuries. Thus, this study intends to fully characterize the effects of a rugby tackle on the shoulder’s anatomy and physiology. Methods: For the experimental procedures, a matrix of pressure sensors was used, based on the Teckscan® pressure in-soles, force plates, an isokinetic dynamometer and sEMG (surface electromyography). Results: The anterosuperior region of the shoulder girdle confirmed the highest pressure values during impact (100 kPa to 200 kPa). Also, the right and left feet performed a vertical peak force of 1286 N (1.4 BW) and 1998 N (2.21 BW), respectively. The muscular activity of the shoulder muscles decreased after performing multiple tackles. Conclusions: During a tackle, the clavicle, scapula, trapezius and acromioclavicular joint are the anatomical structures with higher risk of injury. Also, the strike force on the feet decreases for stability purposes. After performing multiple impacts the muscular activity of the trapezius and rotator cuff muscles decreases, which may lead, in the long-term, to instability of the shoulder and inefficiency of the scapulohumeral rhythm.

20

Physico-mechanical characteristics of one-year old rods from willows growing on the Hel Peninsula

63%

Wiaderek I. , Waliszewska B. , Dukiewicz H.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

|

2014

|

tom 87