Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Obiektywna ocena równowagi

100%

Rzepka R.

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 12, nr 2

97-98

PL

Równowaga to złożony proces, wymagający integracji informacji płynących z róznych układów ciała (sensomotorycznego, przedsionkowego, wzrokowego). Wzajemne współgranie tych systemów pozwala na optymalne dzialanie, którego nadrzędnym celem jest utrzymanie równowagi w rożnorodnych warunkach - zarówno statycznych, jak i dynamicznych. Tradycyjnie rozumiana definicja rownowagi, określająca ten proces jako zadanie utrzymania środka ciężkości nad płaszczyzną podparcia, została zastąpiona terminami uwzględniającymi różnorodne sytuacje (statyczne i dynamiczne), które czlowiek może napotkać w trakcie różnorodnych czynności. Równowaga w warunkach statycznych zdefiniowana jest jako stan, gdy wszystkie siły działające na ciało są zrównoważone i ciało utrzymuje złożoną pozycję statyczną. Utrzymanie równowagi w warunkach dynamicznych określane jest jako zdolnośc do kontrolowania sił dynamicznych działających na cialo lub też przemieszczenia ciała w sposób ustalony, w trakcie różnorodnych czynności dynamicznych.

2

Surowce mineralne w polskim handlu zagranicznym w ostatniej dekadzie XX w.

100%

Dziedzic A. , Muras J.

|

2001

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tom Vol. 49 nr 10

901-917

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono zmiany w zakresie importu i eksportu surowców mineralnych w Polsce w okresie transformacji gospodarczej począwszy od 1989 roku. Opisano przeobrażenia jakie nastąpiły w wielkości, wartości oraz strukturze (asortymentowej i geograficznej) obrotów ważniejszymi polskimi surowcami mineralnymi na rynku międzynarodowym.

EN

This paper presents the changes in export and import of Polish mineral raw materials during the period ol ecunimw transformations since 1989. In addition, the changes in values and magnitude of turnover of the most important Polish raw ma\ on foreign markets, and in assortment and geographical structures are discussed.

3

Double-wheeled mobile robots. Selected Problems and Proposed Solutions

100%

Smrček J. , Friga P.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 2, No. 2

23-28

EN

The paper introduces selected problems from the theory of robotics related to the design and designed construction of double wheeled mobile robotic equipment, supported by own experience. The knowledge is compiled into recommendations for practical design and construction of robotic means.

4

W kontekście równowagi

100%

Bojęś-Białasik A.

|

2008

|

tom R. 105, z. 6-A

251-255

PL

Dzieło architektoniczne w kontekście przestrzennym współczesnego miasta powinno być dialogiem, opartym na "równoważeniu przeciwieństw". Kontekst, jako najważniejszy czynnik przestrzenny dyktuje płaszczyzny architektoniczne tego dialogu. Godzenie sprzeczności pozwala na osiągnięcie wewnętrznego porządku dzieła i jego harmonijne zespolenie z otoczeniem. Stosowanie tej uniwersalnej zasady odnosi się w równiej mierze do architektury współczesnej jak i historycznej, co zostało zaobserwowane i przedstawione na wybranych przykładach.

EN

Architectural work in the spatial context of the contemporary town should be a dialogue, based on rule of "balancing the opposites". Context, as the most significant spatial factor indicates the planes of that architectural dialogue. Practicing of that universal rule concerns, 'in equal measure, contemporary and historic architecture, was presented on the chosen examples.

5

Muscle Strength and Aerobic Endurance as Factors Differentiating Falling and Non-Falling Men over 70 Years

100%

Maciaszek J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2010

|

tom 25

35-40

EN

The aim of the study was to find factors which differentiate generally healthy elderly men who had fallen versus those whom had not fallen throughout the year prior to the study. The participants (66 generally healthy men aged over 70 years) were divided into two groups - those who had fallen (F) and those who had not fallen (NF) in the period of one year before the study. Their body mass index and fat mass were measured. On the basis of the value of maximum sways on a stable posturographic platform, the sway area was calculated. To study psychomotor fitness reaction time, an analysis was measured by the "Vienna System Test". Functional fitness was measured on the basis of selected tests from "The Senior Fitness Test". The complexity of the multiple mechanisms underlying postural control does not allow for clear indication of the risks of stability loss. The experimental group of men over 70 yrs who had fallen (F) was characterised by lower body strength (p<0.05) and endurance (p<0.05), compared to NF group. Exercise programs designed to prevent accidental falls should incorporate strength and aerobic exercises.

6

Miasto w reżimie konsumpcji

100%

Dymnicka M. , Rozwadowski T.

Estetyka i Krytyka

|

2009

|

nr 15-16

27-40

EN

The article attempts to draw a picture of the modern city from the perspective of consumerism, and with special reference to the processes of ghettoization. European cities were once alive with bustling streets and beautiful recreational areas such as piazzas, parks and public greens. Nowadays, the urban space, almost entirely dominated by the consumer market and subjected to opportunist policies, has lost the delicate balance between the public and the private, between the need to change and the necessity to preserve and protect. The spatial and the social structures of modern cities drift ever further and further apart. On the other hand, Polish urban planning, after many decades of forced isolation, suffers from what could be called a „latecomer syndrome”, which manifests itself in random decision-making and a tendency to imitate blindly certain recent trends in urban architecture. These artificial attempts to accelerate time, however, destroy continuity and hinder the growth of individual identity. Poland still needs to confront the issues the West has tackled long ago, to devise the means to preserve urban landscapes and to reshape the relationship with the constructed environment in a more balanced manner. The drive to release past tensions and to liberalize urban space laws has swung the pendulum of history too far back towards a laissez-faire approach to urban planning.

7

Effects of Sensomotor Communication System Based Exercises on Static Balance and Self-esteem in 7-12 Years Old Karate Pupils

100%

Ivaščenko T. , Ivaščenko J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2023

|

tom 44

27-37

EN

Karate is a martial art that require a high level of motor and functional abilities, discipline and mental concentration as well. Practicing Kata improves self-awareness and focus, but is not always included in a class agenda. The author’s of sensomotor communication system based exercises have combined principles of movement from martial arts for body awareness. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks intervention program of sensomotor communication system based exercises on static balance and self-esteem in karate pupils. In the study 24 karate pupils in the age of 7-12 were included. Training years in karate varied from 1 to 4 years of practice. To assess static balance the Flamingo balance test was used, to evaluate self-esteem, a modified Rosenger self-esteem scale was used. The findings of this study showed a positive effect on static balance and a minor positive effect on self-esteem in karate pupils after the intervention. Sensomotor communication system based exercises could be used for balance and self-esteem improvement. Also, being a more understandable and clearer exercise system, the sensomotor communication exercise program could be a Kata alternative for younger children practicing karate.

8

Clinical tests for balance stability and gait assessment – bedside tests

100%

Józefowicz-Korczyńska M. , Chmielecka-Rutkowska J. , Mazerant A.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

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2016

|

tom 5(1)

57-63

EN

Balance and gait stability assessment is an important part of the otoneurological examination. We present the review of the clinical bedside tests procedures for diagnosis patients with balance disorders. Instability may occur not only in vestibular system dysfunction but in neurological, musculoskeletal and visual system lesions as well. An accurate clini-cal bedside ocular motor examination like, range of motion, stability of fixation, the presence of nystagmus, saccadic and smooth pursuit tests, give information about dynamic character of ocular motility. Tests of the balance system and cerebellum functioning were elaborated. Interpretations criteria for clinical bedside tests in different disease were pre-sented. Head shaking and head trust tests for vestibular system imbalance were described. Authors paid attention to the connection between examinations results and labyrinth or central nervous system disorders. Other tests are suggested to be used in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo diagnosis and ability to self-contained patients gait evaluation. There are some more complex and time-consuming tests like Dynamic Gait Index and Berg Balance Scale, measuring quanti-tative aspects of gait efficiency. The results are obtained based on points which are obtained in various tasks e.g. walking with pivot turn, stepping over and around obstacles. All of these tests are essential part of clinical examination and give preliminary information about patients functioning status and allow to focus on further diagnosis.The final results based on points which are obtained in various tasks e.g. walking with pivot turn, stepping over and around obstacles. All of these tests are essential part of clinical examination and give preliminary information about patients functioning status and allow to focus on further diagnosis.

9

The effect of hippotherapy on postural balance

100%

Edyta Mikołajczyk E. , Beata Ligęza B. , Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2017

|

nr 1

45–49

EN

Introduction. Impaired motor control in children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) frequently leads to mobility limitations. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hippotherapy on maintaining postural balance and gait in children with ICP. Material and methods. A total of thirty children with spastic diplegia, aged 8-13 years, participated in the study. All children took part in a two-week hippotherapy program. The Tinetti and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to investigate the quality of their postural balance and gait. All tests were performed before and after therapeutic horseback riding. Results. After the two weeks of therapy, a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in balance maintenance and gait performance was observed in all children. Conclusion. 1. Hippotherapy sessions significantly improved the level of postural balance in children with ICP. 2. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) positively affected the quality of gait and significantly decreased the risk of accidental falls in children who participated in the rehabilitation program.

10

Changes in balance and fall risk in female members of the Third Age University aged 60 and older

100%

Bednarczuk G.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2020

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tom 34

|

nr 3

15-21

EN

Introduction Ageing processes are accompanied by degenerative changes within all functional and anatomical systems. These changes affect postural stability. This study sought to compare balance and fall risk indexes taking into account the age of the participants. Material and methods The study included female members (n=59) of the University of the Third Age (U3A) set up at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The participants were divided into five age groups: 1 (60-64 years), 2 (65-69), 3 (70-74), 4 (75-79) and 5 (>80). Biodex Balance System was applied in the study. The overall stability index (OSI), the anteroposterior stability index (APSI), the mediolateral stability index (MLSI) and the fall risk test were used in the analysis. The participants performed tests that involved standing on both feet with eyes open and closed on a stable surface as well as standing with eyes open on an unstable surface. ANOVA was used to assess balance with regard to age. U Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare groups in terms of balance and the fall risk (p<0.05). Results The oldest group demonstrated the worst balance performance with eyes open: OSI – 0.70±0.47; APSI – 0.49±0.30; MLSI – 0.37±0.43. The best values of balance performance were manifested by the subjects aged 65-69: OSI – 0.36±0.13; APSI – 0.25±0.08; MLSI – 0.18±0.11. Compared to eyes-open conditions, the tests performed with eyes closed revealed the smallest differences between the groups in OSI. The lowest fall risk was noted in groups 1 and 2. The highest fall risk index was found in group 4. Conclusions The findings of the study show that older adults depend on their vision when keeping balance. Physical activity exerts a positive influence on their balance and reduces the risk of falling. However, balance performance deteriorates and the fall risk increases with ageing.

11

Control and correction of horse rider's body posture

100%

Mrozkowiak M. , Ambroży D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2014

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tom 6

|

nr 2

21-33

EN

Centre of gravity represents the point where the net force of gravity of all the body parts is applied. Balance is a specific state of the postural control system, being a vertical orientation of human body maintained through balancing the forces and moments of forces that act on the body. Stability is understood to mean the ability to recover the state of balance and typical body position in the space. The concept of division of the rider's posture into 5 blocks that has been used in the literature seems to be legitimate. However, due to the natural shape of spinal curvature, the division of body into opposing truncated pyramids (a trapezoid in the sagittal plane and a rectangle with longer horizontal sides in the frontal plane) appears to be more accurate. The eight-segment model is dynamic and illustrates all the shallowed or deepened spinal curvatures very well while maintaining alternate sagittal curvatures with regard to the deficits of motion in the joints. It is also correct in anatomical terms since it contains all the sections and joints in the kinematic chain. Body posture, considered under conditions of the equestrian pair (a rider and a horse) as a motor task, will be adjusted using the continuous control. This control works within the tracking system and consistently adjusts the activity of different muscles to current needs. These needs result from a specific program encoded in the central nervous system and, more specifically, from the difference between the program and current state of the equestrian pair. This program is developed during equestrian training and it represents a demanded situation.

12

Virtual reality as a vestibular rehabilitation tool for athletes after concussion: a literature review

88%

Felipe L. , Hunnicutt S.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2020

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tom 34

|

nr 2

42-48

EN

Virtual Reality is cogitated as one of the most favorable and challenging technologies applied in health sciences. Its use has been integrated in vestibular rehabilitation for the management of balance conditions, founded on mechanisms related to neuronal plasticity of the central nervous system. Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms after a concussion in sports and can be an issue related to a long return to play. Virtual reality may be a beneficial method for rehabilitation for athletes with dizziness after concussion. However, no studies have critically reviewed the scientific evidence in this regard. The objective was to conduct a systematic review on the effectiveness of virtual reality as a rehabilitation strategy for athletes after a concussion. A systematic review of the electronic databases Cochrane Collection, Consumer Health Complete, Oxford Journals, PubMed, Science Direct, and SPORTDiscus was conducted to identify studies related to the effect of virtual reality after a concussion in athletes. The search timeframe ranged from January 1990 to December 2019. The search resulted in the identification of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 7 non-RCT studies. None of the studies were specific associated with athletes with dizziness after a concussion. Specific studies are necessary to establish the application that may respond optimally to the treatment of concussions associated with balance problems.

13

Quality of balance and pressure distribution beneath the foot during double-leg stance in young women

88%

Korvas P.

Physical Activity Review

|

2019

|

nr 7

71-79

EN

One from the important preconditions for optimal performance of all physical activities is a good quality of balance. Aim of Study: The study is focusing to find out the effect of pressure distribution beneath the foot on the balance and to compare the quality of balance in physically active and inactive young women. Material and Methods: Subjects of our study were two groups of healthy young women. A: physically active women (n=28; age 21.5 years; physical activity 8.8 hour/week), B: physically inactive (n=28; age 22,0 years; physical activity 1.3 hour/week). Three balance test we carried out: double-leg stance, eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) for 30 second, one-leg stance (right, left) for 10 second. Pressure walkway (FDM system, fi. Zebris) was used for data collection. Parameters: COPv: velocity of centre of pressure (mm/s), relative value of average pressure beneath the foot (%). Results: We found out that a physically active group of young women have significantly better results in all tests (p≤0.05). Both groups showed a similar tendency for significant deterioration of the results when elimination the support surface or the visual sensor in relation to the basic OE test. The differences in the distribution of pressures between the groups were significant in the M-L directions. Inactive women significantly more loaded the non-preferred leg and the rear part of the foot. Active women showed a more balanced stance in both directions, with a slight tendency to increase the loading on the front part of foot. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the group B has a partly worse characteristics of balance than physically active peers. The foot load strategy was less favourable for the group B; during EO. Only two interesting correlations were found in active women; between COPv and ratio of feet load. Remaining correlations to COPv were low.

14

Structure of Coordination Motor Abilities in Male Basketball Players at Different Levels of Competition

88%

Jerzy S. , Paweł W. , Janusz Z. , Tomasz N. , Mariusz B.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2015

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tom 21

|

nr 4

234-239

EN

Introduction. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the structure of coordination motor abilities (CMA) in male basketball players at different levels of competition. Material and methods. The study included 183 male basketball players from 10 Polish sports clubs. The examined groups consisted of seniors (n=42) aged 24.5 (± 3.3), juniors (n=37) aged 16.8 (± 0.6), cadets (n=54) aged 14.5 (± 0.1) and children (n=50) aged 13.4 (± 0.2). A battery of motor tests was administered to assess the following CMA: kinesthetic differentiation of movements, spatio-temporal orientation, reaction time, movement coupling, sense of balance, sense of rhythm and adjustment of movements. The structure of CMA under investigation was determined based on the results of Hotelling's principal component analysis in Tucker's modification, completed with Kaiser's Varimax rotation [1, 2]. Results. The CMA structure of basketball players was composed of three or four factors. Most often these included rhythm, movement differentiation, movement coupling and adjustment of movements. Less frequently the structure consisted of spatio-temporal orientation, balance and reaction time. An in-depth analysis of the CMA structure revealed that factors ranged from heterogeneous (children and cadets) to homogeneous ones (juniors and seniors). The distribution of identified factors in the common variance was the smallest in children and cadets (58.9% and 62.9%, respectively) and the biggest in juniors and seniors (69.3% and 68.48%, respectively).

15

Factors determining the functional abilities of patients after stroke

88%

Kubielska J. , Kostka J. , Miller E.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2020

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tom 34

|

nr 3

8-14

EN

Introduction The purpose of the study was to assess the functional abilities of patients after stroke and to identify factors that affect it. Material and methods The study was performed on 40 patients after stroke. To assess functional ability the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA), Barthel Index (BI), Tinetti test, and Up&Go test were used. The maximum muscle power (Pmax), optimal shortening velocity (Vopt), muscle strength, one-leg standing test, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), pain assessment (Numeric Pain Scale), nutrition assessment (Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale - MNA) were also performed. Results Functional performance was influenced by: knee flexors on the affected side (correlations respectively: RMA rho=0,37; p=0,04; Tinetti test rho=0,44; p<0,01; Up&Go test rho=-0,56; p<0,001), balance time on a non-affected leg (RMA rho=0,38; p=0,03; BI rho=0,41; p=0,01; test Tinetti rho=0,64; p<0.001; Up&Go test rho=-0.47; p=0.003), Pmax (RMA rho=0,35; p=0,04; Tinetti test rho=0,49; p<0,01; Up&Go test rho=-0,63; p<0.001), reporting problems with sitting and standing up (RMA p=0,003; Tinetti test p=0,02; Up&Go test p=0.049), using orthopedic assistance (RMA global functions p=0,01; RMA lower limb and torso p=0,04; BI p=0,003; Tinetti test p<0,001, Up&Go test p<0,001). The MNA result was correlated with RMA (rho=0,36; p ,0.04), no correlation was obtained for any of the functional tests with the extensor muscle strength on the non-affected side, GDS and pain level. Conclusions The functional ability of stroke patients is affected by knee flexors on the affected side, the ability to maintain balance, and maximum muscle power. People, who reported problems with sitting and standing up and using orthopedic assistance, are characterized by worse ability.

16

The assessment of the impact of myofascial training on postural control – a case study

88%

Agnieszka Guzik A. , Bartłomiej Chwaszcz B. , Mariusz Drużbicki M. , Andżelina Wolan-Nieroda A. , Justyna Wyszyńska J.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2017

|

nr 1

71-77

EN

Introduction. A sedentary lifestyle with lack of physical activity contributes to deteriorated balance among healthy young people. Physical activity is import_ant since it stimulates neuromuscular junctions that control body posture, especially at younger age, when greater postural sway may be observed in stabilography compared to adults. Proper work of individual muscle groups is import_ant to maintain proper balance. Abnormal muscle tone can lead to dysbalances that make it difficult o maintain a stable posture in a variety of conditions. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a training cycle consisting of stretching of the ilopsoas, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, hamstring and rectus abdominis, and eccentric training of the above mentioned muscles to improve static and dynamic balance. Methods. Oobjective and qualitative-subjective were used to assess the results in a man aged 22 yrs. Postural control was tested twice in the patient with the Neurocom International Inc. SMART EquiTest device under static conditions without visual control and with dynamic visual surrounding and unstable support surface. Automatic postural reflexes were also evaluated. In addition, clinical tests were performed. Results. Myo-fascial training, which included eccentric training combined with lower limb and trunk stretching improved the postural control in the subject.

17

Spine Buddy® Supportive Pad Impact on Single-Leg Static Balance and a Jogging Gait of Individuals Wearing a Military Backpack

88%

Ward J. , Coats J. , Pourmoghaddam A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

|

tom 44

|

nr 1

53-66

EN

The Spine Buddy® supportive pad was developed to be inserted underneath military backpacks to help disperse the heavy load of the backpack. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact the additional supportive pad had on static balance and a running gait while wearing a military backpack. Forty healthy subjects (age= 27.5 + 5.6 yrs, body height= 1.78 + 0.06 m, body mass= 86.5 + 14.0 kg: mean + SD) participated in a static single-leg balance test on a force plate with each lower limb while wearing a 15.9 kg military backpack for 30 s. Following this, participants were randomized to one of two interventions: 1) Intervention, which wore the Spine Buddy® supportive pad underneath their backpack or 2) Control, with no additional supportive pad. Post-intervention measurements of static single-leg balance were then recorded. Afterwards, a similar pre vs post testing schedule and randomization scheme was used to test the impact of the supportive pad on a 5 mph jogging gait using Vicon® cameras. Within-group data were analyzed with a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA. Statistically significant differences were not seen between the control and experimental group for balance and gait variables. Preliminarily, this suggests that the Spine Buddy® supportive pad causes no deleterious effect on static balance and a jogging gait in 18-45 year-old asymptomatic individuals.

18

Gender Differences in Postural Stability Among Children

88%

Smith A. , Ulmer F. , Wong D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2012

|

tom 33

25-32

EN

This study aimed to examine the gender differences in postural stability among 8-12 year-old children. Twenty-six children participated in this repeated measures study to measure the centre of pressure (COP) under one normal condition (CONTROL: hard surface, eyes open, and looking straight ahead) and two challenging sensory conditions (ECHB: eyes closed and head back; and EOCS: eyes open and compliant surface) in randomized order. Girls had significantly lower COP path velocity (COP-PV, p < 0.05, medium effect), smaller radial displacement (COP-RD, p < 0.05, medium effect), and lower area velocity (COP-AV, p < 0.05, medium effect) as compared to boys when the three conditions were pooled. Gender differences were found in the percentage changes in COP-RD during ECHB (p < 0.05, large effect) and EOCS (p < 0.05, medium effect), and in COP-AV during both ECHB and EOCS conditions (p < 0.05, medium effect). Postural stability performance of girls had higher correlations with age (-0.62 vs. -0.40), body mass (-0.60 vs. -0.42), foot length (-0.68 vs. -0.45), and physical activity level (-0.45 vs. 0.02), as compared to boys. Girls had better postural stability than boys but were more affected by altered sensory input information. Girls are more capable of integrating their sensory inputs, whereas boys treat each sensory input somewhat separately and rely more on somatosensory feedback. Exercises such as standing on unstable surfaces with eyes open instead of eye closed and head back are more beneficial to children's postural stability control system.

19

The Effects of Wetted Ice on Dynamic Stability over a Rewarming Period

88%

Alexander J. , Mawene Y. , Alexanders J. , Jeffery J. , Rhodes D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2023

|

tom 41

13-23

EN

BACKGROUND During half time or breaks in play cryotherapy is often applied for analgesia for minor musculoskeletal sport injury, however the effect of cryotherapy on dynamic stability is debated. A risk factor for further lower limb injury may be heightened due to a reduction in dynamic postural stability. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of wetted-ice applied for 20-minutes at the ankle on dynamic stability using the star excursion balance test, immediately-post exposure and over a rewarming period of 30-minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy male athletes that regular took part in land-based sport were assessed on reach directions of Anterior (Ant), Posteromedial (PM), and Posterolateral (PL) using the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) on the non-dominant limb. Thermal imaging quantified skin surface temperature (Tsk) over lateral and medial regions. Participants were tested pre-intervention, exposed to 15-minutes wetted-ice cryotherapy application, immediately-post and up to 30-minutes post intervention at 10-minute intervals. RESULTS Significant decreases in Tsk over the medial and lateral regions of the ankle (p < 0.05) not returning to pre-cooling temperatures at 30-minutes post. Significant decrease in reach -distance scores (ANT, PL and PM) pre-immediately post and at 10, 20 and 30-minutes post cryotherapy exposure. CONCLUSION Following wetted ice application to the non-dominant ankle, dynamic postural stability was adversely affected for up to 30-minutes post exposure demonstrated through a decrease in reach scores for ANT, PL and PM directions. Functional performance which requires stabilising mechanisms may be negatively affected and contribute to a heightened risk of injury or further injury in consideration of the findings.

20

Measurement of functional independence level and falls-risk in individuals with undiagnosed phenylketonuria

88%

Mazur A. , Jarochowicz S. , Ołtarzewski M. , Sykut-Cegielska J. , Kwolek A. , O'Malley G.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2009

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

613-618

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the level of functional independence in adult patients with previously undiagnosed or untreated phenylketonuria (PKU). The study was conducted among 400 intellectually impaired adult residents of Social Welfare Homes in South-Eastern Poland born prior to the introduction of neonatal PKU screening programs. PKU was screened by filter paper test using tandem mass spectrometry methods, and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of PKU organic acids in urine. Degree of functional independence included the assessment of activities of daily living (Barthel Index) and measures of balance and gait (Tinetti scale). Eleven individuals with previously untreated PKU were identified whereby eight presented with moderate disability and three with mild disability. Six had a high risk of falls and five had a moderate risk of falls. This study indicates that there is considerable number of undiagnosed PKU patients within the Polish population who require assessment and management in order to reduce the impact of the neurological and neuropsychiatric problems associated with the condition. Appropriate therapy for those with undiagnosed PKU should, in particular, address the risk of falls.