This article gives a complex overview of the topic of eyeball movements which can be described as the commonest potentially intentional human behaviour. The observations of intentional human behaviour have been carried out by scholars for centuries, yet nowadays due to the technological development it is possible to introduce far more accurate and advanced eye-tracking devices. The paper describes thoroughly the perception process, differentiates types of eye movements, then moves on to the mechanisms that ensure the stability of perception and comments on modern methods of measurement of eyeball movement. The article underlines that eye-trackers have already been applied to various areas of life and science, such as linguistics, psychology and law, just to name a few. The current studies in the field of eye-tracking concentrate mostly on the cognitive processes behind the eye movement. Eye-tracking research has been experiencing a growing interest, yet the topic demands even more attention and exploration as a vast and fertile branch of knowledge.
The article presents studies which involve the way of perceiving complex scenes in the task of scenery analysis for their usefulness in the artificial intelligence methods. The studies were conducted using the eye-tracker SMI Red 500. A series of experiments was carried out on a group of people registering particular trajectories of attention. Observer’s task was to form a conclusion that would approve or disapprove the thesis that was formulated in the question concerning the presented scene. Next, the analysis of developed series of the scenery components was performed. Observations of the experiments’ results may significantly develop artificial intelligence algorithms used in processing and recognizing of images. The analyses of conducted measurements showed some differences in perception of complex scenes for particular persons that took part in experiment as well as some similarities and differences in same-sex groups.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania sposobu postrzegania scen złożonych w zadaniu analizy scenerii pod kątem wykorzystania ich użyteczności dla metod sztucznej inteligencji. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem eye-trackera SMI Red 500. Serię eksperymentów przeprowadzono na grupie osób rejestrując poszczególne trajektorie atencji. Zadaniem obserwatora było sformułowanie konkluzji potwierdzającej lub odrzucającej tezę postawioną w pytaniu do przedstawionej sceny. Kolejno analizie poddano powstałe szeregi analizowanych komponentów scenerii. Obserwacje wyników eksperymentów mogą stanowić istotne rozwinięcie algorytmów sztucznej inteligencji wykorzystywanych w przetwarzaniu i rozpoznawaniu obrazów. Na podstawie analiz przeprowadzonych pomiarów stwierdzono różnice postrzegania scen złożonych dla poszczególnych osób biorących udział w eksperymencie, a także pewne podobieństwa i różnice w grupach tej samej płci.
Contemporarily the necessity of regarding the knowledge of brain structure and functions in the didactic processes is more and more frequently discussed. Neurodidactics, as a cross-disciplinary science is engaged in the learning and education process which is based on the results of research on brain functioning. One of the non-invasive methods that can provide us with knowledge on brain functioning is the research carried out with an eye-tracker, a device used for tracing eyeball movements of a tested person. This paper will present a part of the research in which the eye-tracking technology has been used. The aim of the presented research was an attempt to analyse the depth of information processing by a pupil during solving a mathematical test task. The research results point to certain characteristic pupils’ behaviour while making decision concerning the choice of an answer marked by them.