Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wpływ H2O2 i H2O2/Fe+2 na toksyczność

100%

Solecka M. , Szopa J. S.

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2010

|

tom Nr 12

30-34

PL

Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że w wyniku połączonego działania nadtlenku wodoru i jonów żelaza (II) na roztwory ASPC mogą powstawać produkty pośrednie utleniania mniej lub bardziej toksyczne w stosunku do mikroorganizmów. Ich właściwości toksykodynamiczne są zależne od gatunku drobnoustrojów, na co wskazują krzywe inhibicji wykreślone dla bakterii Pseudomonas fluorescens i Micrococcus luteus . Przeprowadzone badania wykazały także, że układ H2O2/Fe+2 może sprzyjać generowaniu w utlenianych roztworach ASPC rodników OH• o wysokich potencjałach utleniających, negatywnie oddziałujących na mikroorganizmy

EN

On the basis of conducted research it has been established that as a result of combined working of hydrogen peroxide and iron ions (II) on ASPC solutions we can obtain indirect oxidation products that are more or less toxic to microorganisms. Their toxicodynamic characteristics depend on the strain of microbes, as shown by inhibition curves for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Micrococcus luteus bacteria. Conducted research also shows that a H202/Fe+2 system can enhance generating OH* radicals with high oxidating potential, nega-tively affecting microorganisms in oxidated ASPC solutions.

2

Auto- and heterotrophic picoplankton in a lowland river (Warta River, Poland)

80%

Szeląg-Wasielewska E. , Stachnik W.

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2010

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tom Vol. 39, No.1

137-146

EN

The structure of plankton in a lowland river was studied with a particular focus on autotrophic as well as heterotrophic picoplankton cells. Water samples were collected in the middle, meridional section of the Warta River in 2005. Heterotrophic picoplankton (HPP) were represented by bacteria varying in size and form, but mainly by cocci and rods. HPP abundance ranged from 3.5 × 10^6 to 9.5 × 10^6 cells m1^-1. Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) densities were considerably lower and ranged from 1.2 × 10^3 to 92 × 10^3 cells ml^-1. They were represented by prokaryotes (picocyanobacteria) and eukaryotes (small chlorophytes). Both components occurred together but eukaryotic APP usually prevailed in terms of biomass. In terms of biomass, APP seemed to play a minor role in this ecosystem in comparison with heterotrophic picoplankton.

3

Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains

80%

Wierzba S. , Latała A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2007

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tom 9

|

nr 2

68-72

EN

In these studies we attempted to evaluate the lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activity of bacterial strains isolated from water and the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The following bacterial genera prevailed among the isolated strains: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga. The lipolytic activity was determined using a titrimetric method, the proteolytic activity - using a modified Anson method, and the cellulolytic activity - on the basis of mass decrement of a cellulose disk after 14 days of bacterial culture. The cultures were maintained at 28°C, pH 7.0 with the following substrates: olive oil, albumin and cellulose disk. Among the analysed microorganisms, Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains showed the highest lipolytic and proteolytic activity. In the cellulolytic assay Cytophaga bacteria showed about twofold higher activity than that of Celulomonas.

4

Microbiological changes in the environment caused by deep dredging. A case study: post-dredging pit Kuźnica II (Puck Bay)

80%

Graca B. , Dudkowiak M.

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.1

17-27

EN

In this study psychrophilic, mesophilic and denitrifying bacterial abundances were studied seasonally (summer, autumn, winter and spring) in the water column and surface sediment layer (0-5 cm) in the post dredging pit Kuźnica II and natural areas of Puck Bay. The research was conducted between VI 2001 and III 2003. In the pit area an increase in mesophilic bacteria and a decrease in denitrifying bacteria numbers were observed, when compared to the natural areas. In the case of the mesophilic bacteria, the increase was visible in the near-bottom waters and surficial sediments during the period of well developed vegetation – in summer and autumn. In the case of denitrifying bacteria, the decrease of number concerned the sediments. Numbers of psychrophilic bacteria in both the natural and dredged areas did not differ significantly over the course of the study. These results suggest that deep dredging can cause the self-purification potential of the ecosystem to be diminished and induce strong bacteriological pollution.

5

Microbiological Corossion of Metallic Products as a Result of Biofilm

80%

Świeczko-Żurek W. , Pałubicka A. , Krzemiński M. , Supernak M.

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2008

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tom Vol. 8, nr 3(17)

49-54

EN

One of indispensable conditions for microbiological corrosion to appear is the formation of biofilm on the surface of the metal. That is the biological surficial covering, which contains biologically active microorganisms along with their metabolical compounds. The biofilm is a frequent form of microorganisms existence in water environment. It prevents from diffusion of the metabolic products created by separate cells of microcolonies. It causes that the side products of metabolic changes may gather close to the metal surface. If the metal surface is not resistable to their influence some corrosion processes may occur. The article shows the results of the research of the metallic specimens surface in the environment of three different bacteria types.

6

Bacterial species – from theory to practice

80%

Bartoszewicz M.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2018

|

nr 1

3-7

EN

Although the Mayr’s definition of species is commonly accepted for eukaryotic organisms, bacteria do not meet those established criteria. Thus, a special approach is necessary to elaborate the definition resistant to such limitations as for example the lack of sexual reproduction or horizontal gene transfers. One of the most problematic taxa in microbiology is the Bacillus cereus group composed of several closely related bacteria. Thus, on the basis of this model, doubts concerning bacterial taxonomy are discussed in the light of actual, molecular data.

7

Studies concerning heterotrophic bacteria decomposing macromolecular compounds at two marine beaches

80%

Mudryk Z. , Skórczewski P. , Perliński P. , Wielgat M.

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2011

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tom Vol. 40, No.3

74-83

EN

The potential capability to decompose macromolecular compounds was confirmed in heterotrophic bacteria isolated from two sandy beaches located on the southern Baltic coast. Proteolytic bacteria were the most numerous group, whereas lipolytic organisms were rare among bacteria inhabiting the studied beaches. All studied physiological groups of bacteria were considerably more numerous in the sand of the beach subject to stronger anthropopressure. The differences in bacteriological parameters across the horizontal profile of the beaches were noted. In both studied beaches a higher number of bacteria able to decompose macromolecular compounds were recorded in the surface as compared to the subsurface sand layer.

8

Mineralization and Uptake of TNT by Microorganisms: Effect of Pretreatment with Alkali

80%

Herrmann S. , Popović M. K. , Paca J. , Halecky M. , Bajpai R. K.

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2007

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tom Vol. 4, nr 4

45-58

EN

Four bacterial strains capable of growing on nitrotoluenes were incubated in basal salt medium containing either 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) or its alkali hydrolysate (starting pH 12; duration 24 h) as carbon sources. The bacterial strains were identified as Burkholderia cepacia SH-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH-2, Pseudomonas putida MC-I, and Pseudomonas sp. X. Burkholderia cepacia SH-1 was able to grow in medium containing TNT as the sole carbon source and it transformed approximately 80% TNT into metabolic products within six days. Addition of glucose or succinate improved both the growth of cells and TNT uptake. When supplemented with glucose, the Pseudomonas strains achieved significantly higher medium optical density as well as TNT transformation. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH-2 cells were most active in transforming TNT. Optical densities of all the cultures were higher after incubation with TNT-hydrolysate when compared to TNT only. In experiments with uniformly labeled 14C-TNT and Burkholderia cepacia SH-1, the distribution of radioactivity was 0.15% in CO2 produced, 4.88% in cell mass, 71.9% in solution, and 23% unaccounted. The same distribution when strain SH-1 was incubated in alkali hydrolysate of TNT, was 0.44% 14CO2, 6.9% in cell mass, 22.5% in aqueous solution, and 70% unaccounted for.

9

Cholelithiasis – always infected?

70%

Matyjas T. , Pomorski L. , Witas H. , Płoszaj T. , Matyjas K. , Kaczka K.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2017

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tom 89(3)

23-26

EN

This study aims to present results regarding the presence and identification of bacterial strains found in bile and gallstones located in the gallbladder and bile ducts in patients operated on due to cholelithiasis. Materials and Methods. Bacterial culture was evaluated in 92 patients. There were 54 women (59%) and 38 men (41%) who underwent surgery on account of cholelithiasis and /or gallstones in bile ducts between 2013 and 2014. Bile and gallstone samples were cultured intraoperatively for bacteria; bacterial strains were identified, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined. Molecular methods (NGS and Sanger method) were used to separate bacterial strains in one of the gallbladder stones and the results were compared with bacterial strains grown from the bile. Results. Bile cultures were positive in 46 patients that is, 50% of the study group. The following bacteria strains were grown: Enterococcus spp. (44%), Escherichia coli (37%) and Klebsiella spp. (35%). Candidiasis accompanied by bacterial infection was detected in 7 patients (15%). Molecular testing of gallstones revealed DNA of Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. In the bile culture of the same patient Enterococcus spp. (avium and faecalis) was detected. Conclusion 1. More than one pathogen was grown on samples obtained from 31 patients (70%) with bile infection. 2. The most common pathogens include Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. 3. Bacterial infections are often accompanied by a fungal infection (Candida albicans) 4. Bacterial strains grown from a gallstone sample partially corresponded with strains identified in the bile of the same patient.

10

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the use of bacteriophages in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

70%

Dobretsov K. G. , Kolenchukova O. , Sipkin A. , Bellussi L. M. , Ciprandi G. , Passali D.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2021

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tom 75

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nr 6

33-37

EN

Introduction: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigates the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Material and methods: 40 adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were examined. All patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. After the surgery, 20 patients were administered an intranasal gel with bacteriophage mixture (Otofag, Micromir, Russia) twice a day for ten weeks, while 20 other patients received a placebo solution. Results: On the 10th day, IL-1β secretion diminished (63 mg/ml versus 440 mg/ml in control). There was a decrease in the total number of microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae (5.7 x 106 CFU/ml versus 1.2 x 109 CFU/ml in the control group) and the absence of Streptococci (versus 2.1 x 109 CFU/ml in control) was noted on the 30th day of treatment in the group receiving bacteriophage mixture. On the 10th day, a decrease in the activity of secretory IL-1β and IL-8 strongly and very strongly correlated with a total number of microorganisms (r = 0.7; r = 0.9, respectively), as well as a decrease in the activity of secretory IL-8 correlated with the number of Enterobacteriaceae (r = 0.72) and Staphylococci (r = 0.65) in the experimental group treated with bacteriophages. On the 30th day, the decrease in serum IL-1β significantly correlated with the total number of microorganisms (r = 0.80) and Enterobacteriaceae (r = 0.90) in the experimental group. Conclusions: The administration of bacteriophages restored the balance of microorganisms in the nasal cavity and decreased inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Changes such as an inflammation dampening could potentially contribute to reducing recurrent growth of polyp tissue in the future.

11

The impact of composts prepared from different organic waste on the total number of soil microorganisms

70%

Michalcewicz W. , Wołoszyk C. , Balcer K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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tom 9

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nr 2

78-80

EN

In a two-factor pot experiment impact of two doses of six types of composts prepared from the municipal sewage sludge with an addition of canteen waste, wheat straw and cocoa husk on the total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were exmined. The light soil used in the experiment was taken from the Ap level of an arable field. On all the objects with composts there was mineral NPK fertilization applied, the control object was fertilized with the NPK only. The test plant was grass Festulolium which was harvested three times and after the third cut the samples of the soil were taken for microbiological analyses.The conducted research shows that the number of microorganisms in soil was dependent on the dose and the type of the compost. The second dose of the compost, in comparison with the control object, in most composts considerably increased the number of bacteria and the first dose increased the number of actinomycetes. However, the number of fungi, in most cases, with both doses of composts, was lower than in the soil from the control object. The highest number of bacteria was noticed on the object with the co-most prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 30% straw and actinomycetes on the object with the compost prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 30% cocoa husk. The development of the soil fungi was restrained in the highest degree by the first dose of the compost prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 15% straw + 15% cocoa husk and by the second dose of the compost prepared from 70% sewage sludge + 30% straw.

12

MID and UspA1/A2 of the human respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis, and interactions with the human host as basis for vaccine development

70%

Riesbeck K. , Tan T. T. , Forsgren A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2006

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tom 53

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nr 3

445-456

EN

Moraxella catarrhalis IgD-binding protein MID is a 200 kDa autotransporter protein that exists as a oligomer and is governed at the transcriptional level. The majority of M. catarrhalis clinical isolates expresses MID. Two functional domains have been attributed to MID; MID764-913 functions as an adhesin and promotes the bacteria to attach to epithelial cells, whereas the IgD-binding domain is located within MID962-1200. In parallel, MID is stimulatory for B lymphocytes through the IgD B cell receptor. M. catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins A1 and A2 (UspA1/A2) are multifunctional outer membrane proteins that can bind complement and extracellular matrix proteins such as vitronectin and fibronectin. An interaction between the complement fluid phase regulator of the classical pathway, C4b binding protein (C4BP), and UspA1/A2 has also been observed. Moreover, UspA1/A2 has a unique feature to interfere with the innate immune system of complement by binding C3. Taken together, a growing body of knowledge on M. catarrhalis outer membrane proteins MID and UspA1/A2 and their precise interactions with the human host make them promising vaccine candidates in a future multicomponent vaccin.

13

Analysis of microorganisms isolated from cervical canal of pregnant women giving birth prematurely in Poland

70%

Krychowska-Ćwikła A. , Dmoch-Gajzlerska E.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2011

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tom 1

|

nr 1

63-72

EN

Purpose: Evaluation the rate of bacterial colonization of the genital tract among a large group of Polish women and the relationship between the types of bacteria from the cervical canal of pregnant women and preterm delivery. Materials and methods: 1084 pregnant women were taken swab from the cervical canal, 127 born prematurely. Bacteriological studies were per-formed to identify aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungi. Results: Colonization of birth canal with Enterobacteriacae was not associated with preterm delivery statistically. Among women giving birth prematurely high virulence bacteria were detected statistically often (p = 0.047). Enterococcus faecalis infections, which occurred significantly more frequently in pregnancies complicated preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Conclusions: The bacteria of low virulence, physiologically colonize the gastrointestinal tract is not an etiological factor of preterm labor and pPROM.

14

Identification and properties of the Deinococcus grandis and Deinococcus proteolyticus single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSB)

70%

Filipkowski P. , Kur J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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tom 54

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nr 1

79-87

EN

To study the biochemical properties of SSB's from Deinococcus grandis (DgrSSB) and Deinococcus proteolyticus (DprSSB), we have cloned the ssb genes obtained by PCR and have developed Escherichia coli overexpression systems. The genes consist of an open reading frame of 891 (DgrSSB) and 876 (DprSSB) nucleotides encoding proteins of 296 and 291 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 32.29 and 31.33 kDa, respectively. The amino-acid sequence of DgrSSB exhibits 45%, 44% and 82% identity and the amino-acid sequence of DprSSB reveals 43%, 43% and 69% identity with Thermus aquaticus (TaqSSB), Thermus thermophilus (TthSSB) and Deinococcus radiodurans SSBs, respectively. We show that DgrSSB and DprSSB are similar to Thermus/Deinococcus SSBs in their biochemical properties. They are functional as homodimers, with each monomer encoding two single-stranded DNA binding domains (OB-folds). In fluorescence titrations with poly(dT), both proteins bind single-stranded DNA with a binding site size of about 33 nt per homodimer. In a complementation assay in E. coli, DgrSSB and DprSSB took over the in vivo function of EcoSSB. Thermostability with half-lives of about 1 min at 65-67.5°C make DgrSSB and DprSSB similar to the known SSB of Deinococcus radiodurans (DraSSB).

15

Wykorzystanie metody manualnej i instrumentalnej w ilościowej ocenie bakterii przeżywających w tkaninach po procesie prania

70%

Syguła-Cholewińska J. , Szostak-Kot J. , Błyskal B. , Sawoszczuk T. , Lech T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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nr 906

67-85

EN

The evaluation of the laundering process requires microbiological cleanness testing. There are no clearly established methods for determining the number of microorganisms surviving in fabrics after washing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of bacteria surviving the laundry process in textiles stained with blood. Cotton textile samples were infected with three species of bacteria and subjected to model laundering. Following this process, microorganisms were extracted, cultivated and counted. Two colony counting methods – manual and instrumental – were applied. The results show that laundering infected textiles reduces the number of all the bacteria tested. Nevertheless, two species, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus survived in large numbers when a wash bath was used, which may potentially lead to cross-contamination. The instrumental method proved to be better when there are up to 500 colonies to be measured. It also shortens the total time needed to perform the analysis.

16

Assessment of microbiological quality of air in the selected sites situated by the main roads of Kraków

60%

Lenart-Boroń A. , Juraszek K.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

|

2014

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tom 17

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nr 2

15-22

EN

Introduction. Kraków is one of the most beautiful but also one of the most crowded Polish cities with large numbers of cars, pedestrians and cyclists travelling each day. There has been an increasing concern about the human exposure to bioaerosols, which can occur, among others, at the sites characterized by increased dustiness, such crowded streets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of air in the selected sites situated by the main roads in Kraków. Material and methods. Air samples were collected in 10 sites located by the main roads, using a MAS-100 impactor four times per year. Four microbial groups were enumerated: mesophilic bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and staphylococci. The results were expressed as colony forming units per m3 of air and compared with Polish Standards concerning microbiological air quality. Results. The greatest bacterial and fungal aerosol concentration was observed in autumn, when atmospheric conditions could have promoted abundance of those microorganisms. In general, fungi were the most numerous group of airborne microorganisms, while staphylococci were the least numerous. The number of actinomycetes was alarmingly high in all sites. It was found that seasonal differences in the bioaerosol concentration were statistically significant and the recorded differences could have been affected by atmospheric conditions. Conclusions. The conducted studies showed that in terms of airborne bacteria and fungi, the air in the examined locations was microbiologically unpolluted. However, high numbers of airborne actinomycetes were observed in all sites, which can cause adverse health effects in pedestrians or cyclists who are frequently exposed to bioaerosols by the main routes in Kraków. Statistically significant variability was found in the prevalence of the examined microorganisms in different seasons of the year.

PL

Wstęp. Kraków jest jednym z najpiękniejszych i zarazem jednym z najbardziej zatłoczonych polskich miast, w którym każdego dnia po ulicach przemieszczają się tysiące samochodów, a także przechodniów i rowerzystów. Coraz większe zaniepokojenie budzi problem narażenia ludzi na aerozol biologiczny, którego podwyższone stężenie może wystąpić między innymi w zapylonych miejscach, takich jak zatłoczone ulice. Z tego powodu, celem badań była ocena jakości mikrobiologicznej powietrza w wybranych punktach przy głównych szlakach komunikacyjnych Krakowa. Materiał i metody. Próbki powietrza pobierano w 10 punktach umiejscowionych wzdłuż głównych dróg, czterokrotnie w ciągu roku, przy użyciu impaktora MAS- 100. Oznaczono liczebność czterech grup mikroorganizmów – bakterii mezofilnych, grzybów, promieniowców i gronkowców. Wyniki wyrażono jako jednostki tworzące kolonie w m3 powietrza i porównano z Polskimi Normami dotyczącymi jakości mikrobiologicznej powietrza atmosferycznego. Wyniki. Najwyższe stężenie bioaerozolu bakteryjnego i grzybowego stwierdzono jesienią, gdy warunki atmosferyczne były korzystne dla zwiększonej liczebności drobnoustrojów w powietrzu. Ogółem, grzyby były najliczniejszą grupą drobnoustrojów, a najmniej liczną były gronkowce. We wszystkich badanych lokalizacjach liczebność promieniowców była niepokojąco wysoka. Stwierdzono istnienie istotnej statystycznie zmienności sezonowej w stężeniu bioaerozolu, przy czym różnice te mogły być wynikiem zmiennych warunków atmosferycznych. Wnioski. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że pod względem stężenia bakterii i grzybów powietrze w badanych lokalizacjach było mikrobiologicznie czyste. Jednakże we wszystkich lokalizacjach stwierdzano wysokie stężenie promieniowców, co może prowadzić do niekorzystnych skutków zdrowotnych np. u pieszych i rowerzystów, którzy często narażeni są na kontakt z bioaerozolem, podróżując wzdłuż głównych dróg w Krakowie. Stwierdzono istotną statystycznie zmienność liczebności badanych drobnoustrojów w różnych porach roku.

17

Analiza czystości mikrobiologicznej powietrza na terenie LPKiW w Myślecinku

60%

Brudnicki A. , Budzińska K.

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2011

|

tom R. 19, nr 1

11-16

PL

Celem pracy była ocena jakości mikrobiologicznej powietrza na terenie Leśnego Parku Kultury i Wypoczynku w Myślęcinku. Na podstawie wyników uzyskanych w czasie badań można stwierdzić, że w analizowanym okresie obejmującym miesiące kwiecień, maj oraz czerwiec nie stwierdzono przekroczeń dopuszczalnych norm dla powietrza nie zanieczyszczonego w odniesieniu do ogólnej liczby bakterii, gronkowców hemolizujących a oraz grzybów. Ponadto w powietrzu na terenie LPKiW w Myślęcinku stwierdzono incydentalne przekroczenia norm w odniesieniu do bakterii Pseudomonas fluorescens, gronkowców p hemolizujących, gronkowców. mannitolododatnich, oraz promieniowców, co powodowało, że powietrze oceniano jako średnio zanieczyszczone. Ogród zoologiczny znajdujący się na terenie parku może wpływać na stopień zanieczyszczenia powietrza w swoim otoczeniu, na co wskazują przekroczenia norm w odniesieniu do gronkowców p hemolizujących. Teren LPKiW w Myślęcinku może być traktowany jako punktowy dla innych badań prowadzonych w otoczeniu obiektów uciążliwych dla środowiska, zwłaszcza pod względem ogólnej liczby bakterii oraz ogólnej liczby grzybów. W przeprowadzonych badaniach Pseudomonas fluorescens izolowano z powietrza, ze stanowiska badawczego zlokalizowanego w pobliżu zbiornika wodnego, co potwierdza, że jest to dobry wskaźnik emisji bioareozolu wodnego.

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of the air at the Forest Park of Culture and Leisure (LPKiW) in Myślęcinek. From the results obtained during the study it can be stated that in the analysed period, which included April, May and June, no permitted air pollution norms were exceeded as regards the total number of bacteria, a-haemolytic staphylococci and fungi. Additionally, incidental exceeding of norms for the bacteria Pseudomonas Jluorescens, p-haemolytic staphylococci, mannitol-positive staphylococci and actinomyces were found in the air at the LPKiW in Myślęcinek, which caused that the air was assessed as moderately polluted. The zoological garden situated in the park can have an influence on the level of air pollution in its vicinity, which is indicated by exceeding norms with reference to p-haemolytic staphylococci. The area of the LPKiW in Myślęcinek can be treated as a background point for other studies conducted in the vicinity of facilities which are an endronmental nuisance, particularly concerning the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi. In the present study, Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from the air, from the research stand located in the vicinity of the water reservoir, which confirms that this is a good indicator of the emission of water bioaerosol.

18

Effect of soil pollution on bacterial resistance to lead ions : an experimental approach

60%

Błaszak M. , Bieńkowska D.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 57, nr 3

555-560

EN

The objective of the laboratory experiment was to study the resistance to lead ions of bacteria isolated from soil with various level of contamination with this element. Lead (II) acetate trihydrate was applied to the soil (sandy loam) in two doses so that the total content of lead corresponded to weak (250 mg kg[^-1]) and strong (5000 mg kg[^-1]) contamination of soil with lead. From each of the soil (control, weakly and strongly contaminated soil) bacterial isolates were obtained and several dozen of them were randomly chosen for the experiment. The isolates were severally point wise cultured in three repetitions onto microbiological medium contaminated with lead (1000 mg dm[^-3]) and on the same control medium. The diameter of grown "twin" colonies in both cultures were compared. For each isolate separately the resistance index (RI) was described as a ratio of bacterial cultures diameter of the soil isolate cultured on the contaminated medium to the diameter of the same isolate cultured on the control medium. On the basis of the various RI results, the bacteria were divided into four resistance groups (RG) of approximate resistance index: I group, RI = 0 - entirely sensitive bacteria (no growth on the contaminated medium); II group 0

19

Typ 0092

60%

Kocerba W.

|

2011

|

tom Nr 2 (53)

22-22

PL

Typ 0092, opisany przez Eikelboom'a, jest identyfikowany podczas mikroskopowych analiz osadu czynnego z oczyszczalni ścieków pochodzących z całego świata. Bakteria ta jest łatwa do rozpoznania podczas przeglądania preparatu z barwieniem Neissera. Całe nici wybarwiają się na kolor fioletowy, zwykle bledszy na końcach. Kształtem przypominają równo ucięte wstążki wystające końcówkami z kłaczków. Mylące jest to, iż w preparatach barwionych sprawiają wrażenie szerszych niż w przyżyciowych pomimo oglądania ich pod tym samym powiększeniem.

20

Melanin synthesis in microorganisms - biotechnological and medical aspects

60%

Plonka P. M. , Grabacka M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2006

|

tom 53

|

nr 3

429-443

EN

Melanins form a diverse group of pigments synthesized in living organisms in the course of hydroxylation and polymerization of organic compounds. Melanin production is observed in all large taxa from both Pro- and Eukaryota. The basic functions of melanins are still a matter of controversy and speculation, even though their adaptative importance has been proved. Melanogenesis has probably evolved paralelly in various groups of free living organisms to provide protection from environmental stress conditions, but in pathogenic microorganisms it correlates with an increased virulence. The genes responsible for melanization are collected in some cases within operons which find a versatile application in genetic engineering. This review sumarizes current views on melanogenesis in Pro- and Eukaryotic microorganisms in terms of their biotechnological and biomedical importance.