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„Przebudzenie” Kate Chopin, czyli „amerykańska Bovary”(?)

100%

Michalski P.

tom 49

nr 3

239-254

This article deals with the question of the so-called Bovarism in The Awakening, the famous novel written by Kate Chopin. When it was first published in 1899, it was universally condemned for its alleged obscenity, just like its French predecessor. It is true, however, that unlike Flaubert’s book, The Awakening did not find itself in the dock, faced with charges of immorality, but the hostile reviews condemned the novel to many decades of obscurity. In this article, I try to return to the question of parallels between the two novels, which can be seen on many levels. Some similarities concern both male and female characters, while others are to do with specific narrative decisions and solutions. The most conspicuous example of the latter is the suicidal death of both heroines.

Effect of different oxygen and nitrogen ratios in bees awakened from carbon dioxide anesthesia on their behavior and survival after this exertion

84%

Madras-Majewska B. , Kaminski Z. , Balcerak M. , Ochnio L.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

2013

tom 69

nr 12

Carbon dioxide is commonly used to anesthetize the bee queen during instrumental insemination. It can be used both during the insemination procedure, and also to speed up the start of oviposition of instrumentally inseminated queen bees. Anesthesia is not indifferent to the bees’ condition and is unable to reduce the queen latency period to a similar duration as in naturally mated queens. Aside from experiments on bee queens research on worker bees is also conducted because of costs reduction as well as the fact that adverse effects of anesthesia are more pronounced in worker bees than in queens. Therefore the aim of this study carried out on worker bees is to determine the influence of different atmospheric compositions during their awakening from anesthesia. The study was conducted in 2008 in the apiary of the Apiculture Division of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. 3960 Carniolan bees at the age of 2 weeks were studied. All of the 10 bees placed in plastic mail cages were anaesthetized with carbon dioxide for 3 minutes and then awakened in a chamber with a controlled composition of the atmosphere. 33 repetitions were conducted, each of them included 6 groups of the following atmospheric compositions: 1. oxygen 100%; 2. nitrogen 100%; 3. oxygen/nitrogen 30%/70%; 4. oxygen/nitrogen 50%/50%; 5. oxygen/nitrogen 70%/30%; 6. control group, natural composition of atmospheric air. Awakening time was determined by first breathing movements observed and then upon their fully awakening. The awakening of bees after carbon dioxide anesthesia follows a different course in relation to the atmospheric composition during recovery. Awakening in a pure oxygen and pure nitrogen atmosphere significantly prolongs the time to the appearance of the first respiratory movements and the total time to full awakening of bees (in comparison to the control group). Awakening in an atmosphere composed of 70% of oxygen and 30% of nitrogen significantly reduces the time to the appearance of the first respiratory movements and the time of the full awakening of bees. The highest survival rate 14 days after awaking was found in group 5 (70% of oxygen and 30% of nitrogen). The shortest survival rate, (22 days), had bees that awakened in a pure nitrogen atmosphere.

Duane Elgin i ruch dobrowolnej prostoty, czyli pochwała uważnego życia

84%

Kasperek A.

2020

tom 110

nr 3

35-44

The aim of this article is to extract the educational potential from the works of Duane Elgin, one of the doyens of the voluntary simplicity movement started in the 1970s. The author pays particular attention to the significance ascribed by the movement proponents to the category of mindfulness. Elgin’s educational project emphasises awakening of the human civilisation on the planetary scale as a path towards our liberation from ignorance and suffering. The text highlights Buddhist inspirations behind the ideas of voluntary simplicity. In his discussion of the commodification of mindfulness, the author addresses the proposal of practising the ‘pedagogy from culture’ (in Polish: pedagogika z kultury), where education is understood as the internal transformation of the student. It offers an alternative to contemporary education in its standardised and McDonaldised form corresponding to today’s hyperconsumption. The concept of the ‘pedagogy from culture’ focuses on the encounter with a work of culture as an experience that leads to transformation.