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EN
This paper presents research on improving the intelligibility of spoken messages transmitted to aircraft from a ground station. The proposed solution is based on the selective calling (SELCAL) system and the audio watermarking technique. The most important elements of a spoken message (commands, numerical values) are transmitted as a watermark embedded in the speech signal and are displayed to the cockpit crew. The synchronization signal is embedded in SELCAL duo-tones. The proposed system is resistant to resampling and channel noise (at SNR > 25 dB).
EN
The security is important issue in wireless networks. This paper discusses audio watermarking as a tool to improve the security of image communication over the IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee network. The adopted watermarking method implements the Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) mathematical technique. This method is based on embedding a chaotic encrypted image in the Singular Values (SVs) of the audio signal after transforming it into a 2-D format. The objective of chaotic encryption is to enhance the level of security and resist different attacks. Experimental results show that the SVD audio watermarking method maintains the high quality of the audio signals and that the watermark extraction and decryption are possible even in the presence of attacks over the ZigBee network.
EN
The development of a desynchronization invariant audio watermarking scheme without degrading acoustical quality is a challenging work. This paper proposes a robust audio watermarking scheme in Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) domain, in which the higher-order statistics and synchronization code are utilized. Firstly, the wavelet de-noising is performed on the original host audio, the de-noised digital audio is segmented, and then each segment is cut into two parts. Secondly, with the spatial watermarking technique, synchronization code is embedded into the statistics average value of audio samples in the first part. Thirdly, for the second part, EMD is performed, and a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and a residual are given, and then the higher-order statistics of residual are obtained by using the Hausdorff distance. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the residual in EMD domain by using the higher-order statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is not only inaudible and robust against common signal processing operations such as MP3 compression, noise addition,resampling, and re-quantization etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, amplitude variation, pitch shifting, and jittering etc.
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Content available Robust Audio Watermarks in Frequency Domain
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EN
In this paper an audio watermarking technique is presented, using log-spectrum, dirty paper codes and LDPC for watermark embedding. This technique may be used as a digital communication channel, transmitting data at about 40 b/s. It may be also applied for hiding a digital signature, e.g., for copyright protection purposes. Robustness of the watermarks against audio signal compression, resampling and transmitting through an acoustic channel is tested.
PL
Omówiono metody wstawiania i detekcji sygnatur cyfrowych, umieszczanych w sygnałach fonicznych w celu zapewnienia ochrony praw autorskich, uwierzytelniania przekazu głosowego, znakowania emisji radiowych itp. Zaproponowano metodę wstawiania sygnatury w dziedzinie czasu i w dziedzinie zlogarytmowanego widma amplitudy. Wstawiane znaki wodne są odporne na przepróbkowanie i kompresję metodą MPE-G-audio. Ponadto są one trudne do wykrycia i usunięcia przez osoby niepowołane.
EN
Embedding and detection methods of digital signatutes in audio signal are considered These signatures (watermarks) may be applied to copyright protection, authentication of voice messages, broadcast watermarking etc. Two algorithms are analyzed: the first one embeds a watermark in time domain and the second one in log-spectrum domain. The hidden audio signatures are robust against audio signal resampling, MPEG-Audio compression and attacks of unauthorized persons.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia znakowania wodnego sygnałów fonicznych w dziedzinie zlogarytmowanej amplitudy widma. Artykuł został przygotowany na podstawie rozprawy doktorskiej o tym samym tytule, obronionej na Politechnice Warszawskiej w grudniu 2015 r. W artykule (i w rozprawie doktorskiej) zaprezentowano trzy rodzaje znakowania wodnego sygnałów fonicznych: znakowania adnotacyjnego, wstawiania sygnatury cyfrowej do sygnałów fonicznych oraz znakowania „odciskami palca” (ang. fingerprinting).
EN
In this paper an audio watermarking technique is presented, using log-spectrum domain for watermark embedding. This paper was prepared on the basis of the author's doctoral thesis with the same title, defended at the Warsaw University of Technology in December 2015. The paper (and doctoral thesis) presents three types of audio watermarking: annotation watermarking, digital signature embedding in audio signals and fingerprinting.
EN
Audio watermarking (AW) technology in cooperation with GPS synchronization of watermarked frames is proposed for application in the maritime VHF communication for automatic identification of radiotelephone messages. Automatic identification ensures efficient messaging from the very beginning of a radio transmission, while eliminating the human factor inherent in voice identification. AW refers to inaudible embedding of additional data just into the post microphone signal, using standard marine installations without any additional radio channel resources. The designed algorithm is based on data embedding in the Fast Fourier Transform domain with the rate of 32 bit/s. The experimental prototype of the device is designed on the base of micro-controller development kit 32F429IDISCOVERY and GPS module NEO-6M-0-001. Designed system, applied for automatic ship’s identification, provides the full compatibility with the existing radio installation, and does not require replacement of standard VHF transceivers and operational procedures. Besides automatic identification the system may be used in the special applications, for example, by the threat of terrorist attack; generally contributes to navigation safety and information security.
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